Zytel
Encyclopedia
Zytel is a trademark owned by DuPont
DuPont
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company , commonly referred to as DuPont, is an American chemical company that was founded in July 1802 as a gunpowder mill by Eleuthère Irénée du Pont. DuPont was the world's third largest chemical company based on market capitalization and ninth based on revenue in 2009...

 and used for a number of different high strength, abrasion and impact resistant thermoplastic
Thermoplastic
Thermoplastic, also known as a thermosoftening plastic, is a polymer that turns to a liquid when heated and freezes to a very glassy state when cooled sufficiently...

 polyamide
Polyamide
A polyamide is a polymer containing monomers of amides joined by peptide bonds. They can occur both naturally and artificially, examples being proteins, such as wool and silk, and can be made artificially through step-growth polymerization or solid-phase synthesis, examples being nylons, aramids,...

 formulations of the family more commonly known as nylon
Nylon
Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers known generically as polyamides, first produced on February 28, 1935, by Wallace Carothers at DuPont's research facility at the DuPont Experimental Station...

, often with varying degrees of fiberglass
Fiberglass
Glass fiber is a material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass.Glassmakers throughout history have experimented with glass fibers, but mass manufacture of glass fiber was only made possible with the invention of finer machine tooling...

, from 13% to 60%, added in for additional stiffness.
Some of the grades are homopolymer nylon66, other copolymers with nylon6 repeat unit
Repeat unit
An essential concept which defines polymer structure, the repeat unit or repeating unit is a part of a polymer chain whose repetition would produce the complete polymer by linking the repeat units together successively along the chain, like the beads of a necklace.A repeat unit is sometimes called...

s, and further grades involving rubber toughening
Rubber toughening
Many thermoplastics such as polystyrene and PMMA are brittle when stressed, a property which limits applications. A good way of strengthening such polymers is to copolymerise elastomeric chains during manufacture...

 are available. Many grades are based on Polyphthalamide
Polyphthalamide
Polyphthalamide is a thermoplastic synthetic resin of the polyamide family that is used to replace metals in high temperature automotive applications, as the housing for high temperature electrical connectors and multiple other uses. It has found a degree of favor for use in cutlery...

 (PPA), another common polyamide.

Properties

The properties of Zytel will vary with the specific formulation. Formulation Zytel HTN 35% Glass Reinforced Resin, consisting of 35% glass fiber by weight, has a tensile strength
Tensile strength
Ultimate tensile strength , often shortened to tensile strength or ultimate strength, is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before necking, which is when the specimen's cross-section starts to significantly contract...

 of around 30kpsi and a flexural modulus
Flexural modulus
In mechanics, the flexural modulus is the ratio of stress to strain in flexural deformation, or the tendency for a material to bend. It is determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve produced by a flexural test , and uses units of force per area...

 of 1500kpsi under room temperature conditions. Zytel also offers good chemical resistance to common chemicals such as motor oil
Motor oil
Motor oil or engine oil is an oil used for lubrication of various internal combustion engines. The main function is to lubricate moving parts; it also cleans, inhibits corrosion, improves sealing, and cools the engine by carrying heat away from moving parts.Motor oils are derived from...

, transmission fluid, and methanol
Methanol
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH . It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor very similar to, but slightly sweeter than, ethanol...

, and shows little thermal expansion
Thermal expansion
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature.When a substance is heated, its particles begin moving more and thus usually maintain a greater average separation. Materials which contract with increasing temperature are rare; this effect is...

. Other additives or treatments may be used to increase toughness, wear resistance, and temperature tolerance.

Uses

  • Former American 200m and 400m sprinter Michael Johnson
    Michael Johnson (athlete)
    Michael Duane Johnson is a retired American sprinter. He won four Olympic gold medals and eight world championship gold medals. Johnson currently holds the world and Olympic records in the 400 m and 4 x 400 meters relay. He formerly held the world and Olympic record in the 200 m, and the world...

     used shoes made of Zytel. These special gold-colored shoes were made by Nike and the soles had a mass of 30 grams
  • Zytel is often used for folding knife
    Knife
    A knife is a cutting tool with an exposed cutting edge or blade, hand-held or otherwise, with or without a handle. Knives were used at least two-and-a-half million years ago, as evidenced by the Oldowan tools...

     handles; Benchmade
    Benchmade
    The Benchmade Knife Company is a knife manufacturer run by Roberta and Les de Asis in Oregon City, Oregon, United States. Its products are geared toward many niche markets, such as outdoor sporting cutlery, rescue, law-enforcement, martial-arts, and military...

    , Leatherman Tool Group
    Leatherman
    Leatherman is the trade name for a line of multi-tools, knives and LED flashlights manufactured and marketed by Leatherman Tool Group of Portland, Oregon, USA.-Company history:Timothy S...

    , Smith & Wesson
    Smith & Wesson
    Smith & Wesson is the largest manufacturer of handguns in the United States. The corporate headquarters is in Springfield, Massachusetts. Founded in 1852, Smith & Wesson's pistols and revolvers have become standard issue to police and armed forces throughout the world...

    , Gerber Legendary Blades
    Gerber Legendary Blades
    Gerber Legendary Blades is a maker of consumer knives and multitools headquartered in Tigard, Oregon, United States, within the Portland metropolitan area. Currently Gerber is a sub-division of Fiskars Brands Inc, owned by the Fiskars company of Finland...

    , SARGE Knives, Cold Steel
    Cold Steel
    Cold Steel is a Ventura, California-based maker of knives, swords and other edged weapons and tools. Cold Steel was founded in 1980 by company president, Lynn C. Thompson...

    , CRKT and SOG Specialty Knives
    SOG Specialty Knives
    SOG Specialty Knives, Inc. is a U.S. knife and tool manufacturing company famous for their production of the knife with the same name, SOG....

     (among many others) use fiberglass-filled versions of Zytel in many of their lightweight pocket knives
  • Zytel is also used for the projectile in some less lethal 12 gauge
    Gauge (bore diameter)
    The gauge of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the diameter of the barrel. Gauge is determined from the weight of a solid sphere of lead that will fit the bore of the firearm, and is expressed as the multiplicative inverse of the sphere's weight as a fraction of a pound . Thus...

     shotgun shell
    Shotgun shell
    A shotgun shell is a self-contained cartridge loaded with lead shot or shotgun slug designed to be fired from a shotgun....

    s
  • The intake manifold of the PT Cruiser GT is made of Zytel, as is an oil conduit in a Volkswagen
    Volkswagen
    Volkswagen is a German automobile manufacturer and is the original and biggest-selling marque of the Volkswagen Group, which now also owns the Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, SEAT, and Škoda marques and the truck manufacturer Scania.Volkswagen means "people's car" in German, where it is...

     transmission
  • Rollerblade
    Rollerblade
    Rollerblade is a brand of inline skates owned by Nordica, part of the Tecnica Group of Trevignano, Treviso, Italy.The company was started by Scott Olsen and Brennan Olson in Minneapolis as Ole's Innovative Sports; when they sold the company, it became Rollerblade, Inc...

     Aggressive inline skates use Zytel in the Grind Plates.
  • Zytel is used in the receiver and frame in many arms manufactured by Kel-Tec
    Kel-Tec
    Kel-Tec CNC Industries Inc. is a United States manufacturer of firearms. Founded in 1991 and based in Cocoa, Florida, the company has manufactured firearms since 1995, starting with small, affordable semi-automatic pistols and expanding to rifles. Kel-Tec is a privately-owned Florida corporation....

     CNC Corporation.
  • The original Laser roller skates had the plates and trucks made from Zytel.
  • Zytel is used as the frame of many handguns, including the Smith & Wesson M&P
    Smith & Wesson M&P
    The Smith & Wesson Model 10, previously known as the Smith & Wesson Military & Police or the Smith & Wesson Victory Model, is a .38-caliber revolver developed from the Smith & Wesson .38 Hand Ejector Model of 1889. In production since 1899, it is a fixed-sight, six-shot handgun with a fluted...


Types

Zytel HTN PPA Grades

•Zytel HTN51 – Retains the highest stiffness and strength properties compared with other PPAs despite high temperatures and chemical exposure.

•Zytel HTN52 – Molds in water-heated tools, with good retention of mechanical properties when exposed to heat, chemicals and moisture.

•Zytel HTN 54 – Builds on Zytel HTN52 with increased toughness and improved retention of mechanical properties with moisture.

Zytel HTN Structural Grades (Not PPA)

•Zytel HTN53 – Offers improved stiffness and toughness at ambient/moderate temperature; excellent surface appearance using water-heated tools.

Encapsulation Resins

Zytel HTNFE150010 BK083 30% Glass reinforced resin developed for encapsulation applications. PPA resin.


Flame Retardant Resins

Zytel HTNFR51G35L NC010 35% Glass reinforced, flame retardant, lubricated for oil-controlled tools

Zytel HTNFR52G15BL NC010 15% Glass reinforced, flame retardant, lubricated for water-controlled tools

Zytel HTNFR52G20LX NC010 20% Glass reinforced, flame retardant high performance polyamide resin developed for lead-free soldering conditions

Zytel HTNFR52G30BL NC010 30% Glass reinforced, flame retardant, lubricated for water-controlled tools

Zytel HTNFR52G30NH BK337 30% Glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin, with a halogen-free flame retardant. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFR52G30NH NC010 30% Glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin, with a halogen-free flame retardant. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFR52G35BL NC010 35% Glass reinforced, flame retardant, lubricated for water-controlled tools

Zytel HTNFR52G45BL BK337 45% Glass Reinforced, Flame Retardant High Performance Polyamide Resin


Glass/Mineral Reinforced Resins

Zytel HTN53GM40HSL BK083 40% Glass and mineral reinforced high performance polyamide developed for moderate temperature, low warp structural applications.

Zytel HTNFE150004 BK083 50% Glass/mineral reinforced high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFE150005 BK083 38% Mineral/glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.


Low Warp Resins

Zytel HTN53GM40HSL BK083 40% Glass and mineral reinforced high performance polyamide developed for moderate temperature, low warp structural applications.

Zytel HTN54G50HSLR BK031 50% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G50HSLR NC010 50% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFE150004 BK083 50% Glass/mineral reinforced high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFE150005 BK083 38% Mineral/glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.


Low Wear and Friction Resins

Zytel HTNWRF51G30 NC010 30% Glass reinforced high performance polyamide with improved wear and friction. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNWRF51K20 NC010 20% Kevlar Aramid Fiber Reinforced, High Performance Polyamide Resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNWRF51MP20 NC010 20% Teflon PTFE Micropowder, High Performance Polyamide Resin. PPA resin.


Toughened Resins

Zytel HTN54G15HSLR BK031 15% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G15HSLR NC010 15% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G35HSLR NC010 35% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G50HSLR BK031 50% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G50HSLR NC010 50% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFE18502 NC010 Unreinforced toughened


Unreinforced Resins

Zytel HTNFE18502 NC010 Unreinforced toughened

Zytel HTNFE8200 NC010 Unreinforced toughened high performance polyamide resin with high temperature resistance. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNWRF51K20 NC010 20% Kevlar Aramid Fiber Reinforced, High Performance Polyamide Resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNWRF51MP20 NC010 20% Teflon PTFE Micropowder, High Performance Polyamide Resin. PPA resin.


Glass Reinforced Resins

Zytel HTN51G15HSL NC010 15% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN51G25HSL BK083 25% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN51G35HSL BK083 35% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated

Zytel HTN51G35HSL NC010 35% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated

Zytel HTN51G35HSLR BK420 35% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated offering improved hydrolysis resistance

Zytel HTN51G45HSL BK083 45% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN51G45HSL NC010 45% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN51G45HSLR BK420 45% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN52G35HSL BK083 35% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized high performance polyamide that can be molded in water heated molds. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN52G35HSL NC010 35% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized and lubricated material that can be molded in water heated molds

Zytel HTN52G45HSL BK031 45% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized high performance polyamide that can be molded in water heated molds. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN52G45HSL NC010 45% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized high performance polyamide that can be molded in water heated molds. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN53G35HSLRHF BK083 35% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated, modified for improved flow

Zytel HTN53G50HSLR BK083 50% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated, with improved impact, stiffness and hydrolysis resistance

Zytel HTN53G50HSLRHF BK083 50% Glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin with improved flow and excellent surface appearance using water-heated molds.

Zytel HTN53G50LRHF NC010 50% Glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin with improved flow and excellent surface appearance using water-heated molds.

Zytel HTN54G15HSLR BK031 15% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G15HSLR NC010 15% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G35HSLR BK031 35% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated, toughened, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G35HSLR NC010 35% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G50HSLR BK031 50% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G50HSLR NC010 50% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFE150010 BK083 30% Glass reinforced resin developed for encapsulation applications. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFR51G35L NC010 35% Glass reinforced, flame retardant, lubricated for oil-controlled tools

Zytel HTNFR52G15BL NC010 15% Glass reinforced, flame retardant, lubricated for water-controlled tools

Zytel HTNFR52G20LX NC010 20% Glass reinforced, flame retardant high performance polyamide resin developed for lead-free soldering conditions

Zytel HTNFR52G30BL NC010 30% Glass reinforced, flame retardant, lubricated for water-controlled tools

Zytel HTNFR52G30NH BK337 30% Glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin, with a halogen-free flame retardant. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFR52G30NH NC010 30% Glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin, with a halogen-free flame retardant. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFR52G35BL NC010 35% Glass reinforced, flame retardant, lubricated for water-controlled tools

Zytel HTNFR52G45BL BK337 45% Glass Reinforced, Flame Retardant High Performance Polyamide Resin

Zytel HTNWRF51G30 NC010 30% Glass reinforced high performance polyamide with improved wear and friction. PPA resin.


Superstructural Resins

Zytel HTN51G45HSL BK083 45% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN53G50HSLR BK083 50% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, lubricated, with improved impact, stiffness and hydrolysis resistance

Zytel HTN53G50HSLRHF BK083 50% Glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin with improved flow and excellent surface appearance using water-heated molds.

Zytel HTN53G50LRHF NC010 50% Glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin with improved flow and excellent surface appearance using water-heated molds.

Zytel HTN54G50HSLR BK031 50% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G50HSLR NC010 50% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFE150004 BK083 50% Glass/mineral reinforced high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTNFE150005 BK083 38% Mineral/glass reinforced high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.


Hydrolysis Resistant Resins

Zytel HTN51G45HSLR BK420 45% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G15HSLR BK031 15% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G15HSLR NC010 15% Glass reinforced, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G35HSLR NC010 35% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G50HSLR BK031 50% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.

Zytel HTN54G50HSLR NC010 50% Glass reinforced, toughened, heat stabilized, hydrolysis resistant high performance polyamide resin. PPA resin.
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