Zillis-Reischen
Encyclopedia
Zillis-Reischen is a municipality
in the district of Hinterrhein
in the Swiss
canton
of Graubünden
.
The municipality site was certainly inhabited even earlier, as a roman
settlement and graves from the 6th or 7th Century indicate. A treasure trove of 10th Century coins that were found near the village indicate that there was trade over the Viamala pass by this time.
The first church in Zillis dates from about the 5th Century. The three-apse
church is from the 8th Century, and around 840 the parish church
of St. Martin was first mentioned. In 940 King Otto I
gave the Zillis Church to the Bishop of Chur
. This gift did not include the church's property, four large farms in Schams
and Rheinwald.
In 1473 the Viamala road over the Alps opened, which increased traffic on the Splügen
and San Bernardino pass
es. The villages flourished with this increased trade. In 1530-35 Zillis and Reischen converted during the Protestant Reformation
.
In 1818-23 the Viamala road was expanded with a wider road, which brought increased trade into the villages.
The municipality is located in the Schams sub-district, of the Hinterrhein district. In 1875 the municipality expanded with the unification of the previously independent municipalities of Reischen and Zillis.
, the gender distribution of the population was 52.6% male and 47.4% female. The age distribution, , in Zillis-Reischen is; 46 people or 13.9% of the population are between 0 to 9 years old. 23 people or 7.0% are 10 to 14, and 15 people or 4.5% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 23 people or 7.0% of the population are between 20 to 29 years old. 50 people or 15.2% are 30 to 39, 47 people or 14.2% are 40 to 49, and 37 people or 11.2% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 34 people or 10.3% of the population are between 60 to 69 years old, 32 people or 9.7% are 70 to 79, there are 18 people or 5.5% who are 80 to 89, and there are 5 people or 1.5% who are 90 to 99.
In the 2007 federal election
the most popular party was the SVP
which received 49.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP
(23.7%), the SPS
(18.1%) and the CVP
(7.8%).
In Zillis-Reischen about 70.3% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
).
Zillis-Reischen has an unemployment rate of 1.24%. , there were 38 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in this sector. 106 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 8 businesses in this sector. 52 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 22 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
cult site) and the Wildener- and Premoli-Bridges are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance
.
The first church in Zillis dates from about the 5th Century. The three-apse church is from the 8th Century, and around 840 the parish church of St. Martin was first mentioned. In 1130/40 the famous romanesque
illustrated ceiling was added.
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
in the district of Hinterrhein
Hinterrhein (district)
Hinterrhein District is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of and has a population of .Hinterrhein District consists of five Kreise and twenty-eight municipalities...
in the Swiss
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Graubünden
Graubünden
Graubünden or Grisons is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. The canton shares borders with the cantons of Ticino, Uri, Glarus and St. Gallen and international borders with Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein...
.
History
Zillis-Reischen was created in 1875 with the union of the previously independent municipalities of Reischen and Zillis. Zillis was first mentioned in the first half of the 9th Century as Ciranes. Reischen was first mentioned in 1219 as de RexenoThe municipality site was certainly inhabited even earlier, as a roman
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
settlement and graves from the 6th or 7th Century indicate. A treasure trove of 10th Century coins that were found near the village indicate that there was trade over the Viamala pass by this time.
The first church in Zillis dates from about the 5th Century. The three-apse
Apse
In architecture, the apse is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome...
church is from the 8th Century, and around 840 the parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
of St. Martin was first mentioned. In 940 King Otto I
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto I the Great , son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of Germany, King of Italy, and "the first of the Germans to be called the emperor of Italy" according to Arnulf of Milan...
gave the Zillis Church to the Bishop of Chur
Bishop of Chur
The Bishop of Chur is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur, Grisons, Switzerland .-History:...
. This gift did not include the church's property, four large farms in Schams
Schams
thumb | The Schams north of [[Andeer]]. In the top left, the ruins of [[Cagliatscha Castle]]The Schams is a section of the Hinterrhein valley in the Swiss Canton of Graubünden.- Geography :...
and Rheinwald.
In 1473 the Viamala road over the Alps opened, which increased traffic on the Splügen
Splügen Pass
The Splügen Pass is a high mountain pass which marks the boundary between the Lepontine and Rhaetian Alps....
and San Bernardino pass
San Bernardino Pass
San Bernardino Pass is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps connecting the Hinterrhein and the Mesolcina valleys between Thusis and Bellinzona . Located in the far eastern side of the Western Alps it is not to be confused with the Great St. Bernard Pass and the Little St. Bernard Pass...
es. The villages flourished with this increased trade. In 1530-35 Zillis and Reischen converted during the Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
.
In 1818-23 the Viamala road was expanded with a wider road, which brought increased trade into the villages.
Geography
Zillis-Reischen has an area, , of 24.5 km² (9.5 sq mi). Of this area, 32.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 42.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (22.9%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).The municipality is located in the Schams sub-district, of the Hinterrhein district. In 1875 the municipality expanded with the unification of the previously independent municipalities of Reischen and Zillis.
Demographics
Zillis-Reischen has a population (as of ) of . , 6.8% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 6.7%., the gender distribution of the population was 52.6% male and 47.4% female. The age distribution, , in Zillis-Reischen is; 46 people or 13.9% of the population are between 0 to 9 years old. 23 people or 7.0% are 10 to 14, and 15 people or 4.5% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 23 people or 7.0% of the population are between 20 to 29 years old. 50 people or 15.2% are 30 to 39, 47 people or 14.2% are 40 to 49, and 37 people or 11.2% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 34 people or 10.3% of the population are between 60 to 69 years old, 32 people or 9.7% are 70 to 79, there are 18 people or 5.5% who are 80 to 89, and there are 5 people or 1.5% who are 90 to 99.
In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...
which received 49.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Free Democratic Party was a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It was one of the major parties in Switzerland until its merger with the smaller classical liberal Liberal Party, to form FDP.The Liberals on 1 January 2009....
(23.7%), the SPS
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(18.1%) and the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(7.8%).
In Zillis-Reischen about 70.3% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
).
Zillis-Reischen has an unemployment rate of 1.24%. , there were 38 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in this sector. 106 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 8 businesses in this sector. 52 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 22 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1850 | 392 |
| 1900 | 263 |
| 1950 | 276 |
| 1960 | 315 |
| 1970 | 318 |
| 1980 | 252 |
| 1990 | 312 |
| 2000 | 330 |
Languages
Most of the population speaks German (79.7%), with Romansh being second most common (12.7%) and Italian being third ( 2.1%).| Languages in Zillis-Reischen | ||||||
| Languages | Census 1980 | Census 1990 | Census 2000 | |||
| Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | ||
| German German language German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union.... |
136 | 53.97 % | 229 | 73.40 % | 263 | 79.70 % |
| Romanish | 104 | 41.27 % | 72 | 23.08 % | 42 | 12.73 % |
| Population | 252 | 100 % | 312 | 100 % | 330 | 100 % |
Heritage sites of national significance
The S. Martegn/St Martin's Church, the Cave under Hasenstein (a RomanReligion in ancient Rome
Religion in ancient Rome encompassed the religious beliefs and cult practices regarded by the Romans as indigenous and central to their identity as a people, as well as the various and many cults imported from other peoples brought under Roman rule. Romans thus offered cult to innumerable deities...
cult site) and the Wildener- and Premoli-Bridges are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance
Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...
.
The first church in Zillis dates from about the 5th Century. The three-apse church is from the 8th Century, and around 840 the parish church of St. Martin was first mentioned. In 1130/40 the famous romanesque
Romanesque art
Romanesque art refers to the art of Western Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 13th century, or later, depending on region. The preceding period is increasingly known as the Pre-Romanesque...
illustrated ceiling was added.