|
|
|
|
Zamosc
|
| |
|
| |
Zamosc [] is a town in southeastern Poland with 66,633 inhabitants (2004), situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999). About 20 kilometres from the town is the Roztocze National Park.
The historical city centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (in 1992).
sc was founded in the year 1580 by the Chancellor and Hetman (head of the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) Jan Zamoyski, on the trade route linking western and northern Europe with the Black Sea.
Modelled on Italian trading cities, and built during the Baroque period by the architect Bernardo Morando, a native of Padua, Zamosc remains a perfect example of a Renaissance town of the late 16th century, which retains its original layout and fortifications (Zamosc Fortress), and a large number of buildings blending Italian and central European architectural traditions.
Discussion
Ask a question about 'Zamosc' Start a new discussion about 'Zamosc' Answer questions from other users |
Encyclopedia
Zamosc [] is a town in southeastern Poland with 66,633 inhabitants (2004), situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999). About 20 kilometres from the town is the Roztocze National Park.
The historical city centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (in 1992).
History
Zamosc was founded in the year 1580 by the Chancellor and Hetman (head of the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) Jan Zamoyski, on the trade route linking western and northern Europe with the Black Sea.
Modelled on Italian trading cities, and built during the Baroque period by the architect Bernardo Morando, a native of Padua, Zamosc remains a perfect example of a Renaissance town of the late 16th century, which retains its original layout and fortifications (Zamosc Fortress), and a large number of buildings blending Italian and central European architectural traditions. The Old City quarter of Zamosc has been placed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
In 1942, Zamosc County, due to its fertile black soil, was chosen for further German colonisation in the General Government as part of Generalplan Ost. The city itself was to be renamed "Himmlerstadt" (Himmler City) and the German occupiers had planned the relocation of at least 60,000 ethnic Germans in the area before the end of 1943. Before that, a "test trial" expulsion was performed in November 1941, and the whole operation ended in a pacification operation, combined with expulsions in June/July 1943 which was code named Wehrwolf Action I and II. Around 110,000 people from 297 villages were expelled. Around 30,000 victims were children who, if racially "clean" (ie. had physical characteristics deemed "Germanic") were planned for germanisation in German families in the Third Reich. Most of the people expelled were sent as slave labour in Germany or to concentration camps.
Local people resisted the action with great determination; they escaped into forests, organised self-defence, helped people who were expelled, and bribed kidnapped children out of German hands. Until the middle of 1943, the Germans managed to settle 8,000 colonists, the number increased by a couple of thousand more in 1944. This settlement was met with fierce armed resistance by Polish Underground forces (see Zamosc Uprising). The current President of Germany Horst Köhler was born to a family of German colonists in Skierbieszów.
After World War II, Zamosc started a period of development. In the 1970s and 1980s the population grew rapidly (from 39,100 in 1975 to 68,800 in 2003), as the city started to gain significant profits from the old trade routes linking Germany with Ukraine and the ports on the Black Sea.
During years 1975–1998 Zamosc was the capital of Zamosc Voivodeship.
Noted conservator and artist Professor Wiktor Zin was responsible for the design and oversight of conservation work on the Arsenal and the Armenian quarter in Zamosc.
Education
High Schools
Colleges
- Wyzsza Szkola Humanistyczno-Ekonomiczna im. Jana Zamoyskiego
- Wyzsza Szkola Zarzadzania i Administracji
- Panstwowa Wyzsza szkola Zawodowa w Zamosciu
Economy
The city is located on the broad gauge railway line linking former Soviet Union with Upper Silesian coal and sulphur mines as well as less than 60 kilometres from the border crossings to Ukraine. Also, Zamosc is located on a regular rail line, although it is not electrified.
Politics
Biala Podlaska/Chelm/Zamosc constituency
Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from this constituency
Slawomir Zawislak - Prawo i Sprawiedliwosc
Sports
Zamosc is home to a soccer team Hetman Zamosc.
Famous people from Zamosc
Literature
Fritz Stuber, "Notes on the Revalorization of Historic Towns in Poland", in Ekistics (Athens), Vol. 49, No. 295, 1982, pp. 336-341, 3 ill.
Twin towns
OWHC cities as well as:
See also
External links
|
| |
|
|
