Zamora, Michoacán
Encyclopedia
Zamora de Hidalgo, is a city in the Mexican
state
of Michoacán
. The 2010 census population was 141,627. making it the third largest city in the state. The city is the municipal seat of Zamora Municipality
, which has an area of 330.97 km² (127.79 sq mi) and includes many other smaller communities, the largest of which is Ario de Rayón (Ario Santa Mónica). The municipality's population is around 186,102, which makes it the second most populous urban area in the state.
The city of Zamora is an important economic center in the state and the most significant population center between the cities of Morelia and Guadalajara
. The city is located on the Tarascan Plateau
in the northwestern part of the state, at an elevation of 1,567 m (5,141 ft) above sea level. Zamora is surrounded by the fertile Tziróndaro Valley which is an important agricultural area that exports large amounts of produce to the United States
.
city of Zamora
because the first European settlers to the area were predominantly from the Spanish province of Castilla y León. Zamora is of Iberian
origins that can be traced to the latin "Civitas Murata" meaning "The Walled City" because it is surrounded by high hills. In 1953, the city officially added "de Hidalgo" to honor Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla that declared the village a city during the movement to independence in Mexico.
Period there were several waves of migrations into the area by surrounding tribes: Pirinda, Nahua, Huetamo, Colima, and P'urhépecha
. Zamora sits in theTziróndaro Valley which means "swamp place" in P'urhépecha.
The village of Zamora was founded on January 18, 1574, on the orders of Viceroy
Martín Enríquez de Almanza
, by Spanish
settlers from the Spanish city of Zamora. Spanish were attracted to the area because of fertile valleys in the region that were well suited for agricultural development.
Zamora was awarded city status by the Constitutional Congress in 1825, ratifying a decision made on November 21, 1810 by the Mexican War of Independence revolutionary leader Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. During the XIX century, Zamora developed into a great cultural and economic center due to high agricultural productivity and flourishing commerce. On December 10, 1831, Zamora was declared the municipal seat. Later the city's elite began a political movement to create a new state in which Zamora would be the state capital. In 1846, Archbishop Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos
initiated a clerical separation from Mexico City. By 1862 a new ecclesiastical office was founded, Dioceses of Zamora based in Zamora. The political aspirations to separate from the rest of the state were impeded.
During the Porfiriato the city experienced the fastest economic growth in its history. Between 1854 and 1910, the city experienced rapid economic growth due industrial development, city modernization, technological innovations, and increased agricultural productivity. Zamora was one of the first cities in the state that implemented new technologies like: railroad stations, telegraphs, telephones, electricity, modern water systems. In 1899 the department of transportation connected Zamora by railroad to other important populations centers in central Mexico. At the same time the department of urbanization had an image they wanted for the city which involved many modernization projects throughout the city. During the Porfiriato the city had an architectural renaissance celebrating many vogue European architectural styles. Large civil offices and religious temples were erected during this time that flaunted the economic wealth of the city like: Michoacán Center for the Arts, College of Michoacán, and Obrero de Zamora Theatre. On February 2, 1898 at the feast of Candlemas led by the second bishop of Zamora, Don Jose Ma. Càzares y Martinez the cornerstone of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe was laid. During this time many of the city's elite built new homes largely inspired by Victorian
and Châteauesque
architectural styles.
The Mexican Revolution reached the state in 1911, when those loyal to Francisco I. Madero proclaimed the city and surrounding area there territory. When the state governor resigned the city would continue to be involved in the war. In 1918 the state ratified the state constitution. After the Mexican Revolution
, the Cristero War
continued to devastate the region's agriculture which had detrimental economic effects to the city. Political hostilities would finally end in the city and vicinity in 1926.
, which has an area of 330.97 km² (127.79 sq mi) and includes many other smaller communities, the largest of which is Ario de Rayón (Ario Santa Mónica).
More specifically the city is found in Tziróndaro Valley (P'urhépecha for "Swamp place"), a large alluvial plain
surrounded by mountains with a northeast-southeast orientation. The topography of the region is flat with no slopes greater than 5%. During the Cenozoic
the area was a flood plain of the Duero River which deposited large amounts of basalt
, breccia
, calcareous tuff, tuff
, andesite
, and rhyolite
. The dominant basalt rock found in the area give the soil a rich source of: calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, and sodium. The soils in the surrounding areas are rich and fertile making the region perfect for agriculture. The soil in the area is classified as pellic vertisol
with significant amounts of chromate
; the soil is of fine texture with rocky layer containing rocks smaller than 7.5 cm³. Veronica Vega was born there also, she makes pizzas now.
with average annual temperature of 18.5°C (65°F). The warmest month is May with an average temperature of 23.3°C (74°F), and the coldest month is December with an average temperature of 14.7°C (59°F). The city has an average annual precipitation of about 900.6 mm (35.4 in) mostly falling during the summer.
Zamora has six institutes of higher education:
The historical helmet of the city lodges a great amount of buildings with historical value, getting up during the virreinato
and century XIX. Some of these monuments are the temple of San Francisco, the Our Lady of Guadalupe Unfinished Cathedral
of Zamora, second tallest church in Mexico; The church of San Francisco, the church of El Calvario, the Public Library and the Federal Palace.
One of the main tourist points is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe, located over 5 de Mayo Avenue; it is a neo-gothic style architectural wonder that dates from February 2,1898, this enormous cathedral is expected to reach 105 meters in height when completed, and will be one of the largest churches of its kind on the American continent.
Zamora has several leisure alternatives, periodically Theater of the City of Zamora offers events, as piano recitals, theater, camera concerts and works, also the School of Michoacán A.C. with soothes in Zamora offers to the citizenship diverse cultural events like cycles of films festivals, recitals, concerts and presentations of folkloric dances and events.
Every year in December the Festival of the Chongos Zamoranos is held, where the visitor is able to taste gastronomical samples, musical dances and interpretations, as well as the “Poets Meeting” and every 12 of December in Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe and in diverse places of the city. One of nearby best attractions is the Lago de Camécuaro National Park, which is one out of 5 national parks.
Arts and culture
Sports
Religion
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
state
States of Mexico
The United Mexican States is a federal republic formed by 32 federal entities .According to the Constitution of 1917, the states of the federation are free and sovereign. Each state has their own congress and constitution, while the Federal District has only limited autonomy with a local Congress...
of Michoacán
Michoacán
Michoacán officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Michoacán de Ocampo is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 113 municipalities and its capital city is Morelia...
. The 2010 census population was 141,627. making it the third largest city in the state. The city is the municipal seat of Zamora Municipality
Zamora Municipality, Michoacán
Zamora Municipality is a municipality in Michoacán, Mexico.The seat is at Zamora, Michoacán....
, which has an area of 330.97 km² (127.79 sq mi) and includes many other smaller communities, the largest of which is Ario de Rayón (Ario Santa Mónica). The municipality's population is around 186,102, which makes it the second most populous urban area in the state.
The city of Zamora is an important economic center in the state and the most significant population center between the cities of Morelia and Guadalajara
Guadalajara, Jalisco
Guadalajara is the capital of the Mexican state of Jalisco, and the seat of the municipality of Guadalajara. The city is located in the central region of Jalisco in the western-pacific area of Mexico. With a population of 1,564,514 it is Mexico's second most populous municipality...
. The city is located on the Tarascan Plateau
Tarascan Plateau
The Tarascan Plateau is a region of the Mexican state of Michoacán, located at the foot of the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt. It is considered a region of temperate land, irrigated by the Lerma River and its tributaries. It has several lakes, like Lake Pátzcuaro, Lake Cuitzeo, and Lake Zirahuén...
in the northwestern part of the state, at an elevation of 1,567 m (5,141 ft) above sea level. Zamora is surrounded by the fertile Tziróndaro Valley which is an important agricultural area that exports large amounts of produce to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
Toponymy
The city was named after the SpanishSpain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
city of Zamora
Zamora, Spain
Zamora is a city in Castile and León, Spain, the capital of the province of Zamora. It lies on a rocky hill in the northwest, near the frontier with Portugal and crossed by the Duero river, which is some 50 km downstream as it reaches the Portuguese frontier...
because the first European settlers to the area were predominantly from the Spanish province of Castilla y León. Zamora is of Iberian
Iberians
The Iberians were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources identified with that name in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula at least from the 6th century BC...
origins that can be traced to the latin "Civitas Murata" meaning "The Walled City" because it is surrounded by high hills. In 1953, the city officially added "de Hidalgo" to honor Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla that declared the village a city during the movement to independence in Mexico.
History
Evidence shows the area was first settled around 1500 BC. During the Pre-ColumbianPre-Columbian
The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during...
Period there were several waves of migrations into the area by surrounding tribes: Pirinda, Nahua, Huetamo, Colima, and P'urhépecha
P'urhépecha
The P'urhépecha, normally spelled Purépecha in Spanish and in English and traditionally referred to as Tarascans, are an indigenous people centered in the northwestern region of the Mexican state of Michoacán, principally in the area of the cities of Uruapan and Pátzcuaro...
. Zamora sits in theTziróndaro Valley which means "swamp place" in P'urhépecha.
The village of Zamora was founded on January 18, 1574, on the orders of Viceroy
Viceroy
A viceroy is a royal official who runs a country, colony, or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king. A viceroy's province or larger territory is called a viceroyalty...
Martín Enríquez de Almanza
Martín Enríquez de Almanza
Don Martín Enríquez de Almanza was the fourth viceroy of New Spain, who ruled from November 5, 1568 until October 3, 1580. He was subsequently viceroy of Peru, from September 23, 1581 until his death in 1583. His birthplace and origins are uncertain...
, by Spanish
Spanish colonization of the Americas
Colonial expansion under the Spanish Empire was initiated by the Spanish conquistadores and developed by the Monarchy of Spain through its administrators and missionaries. The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Christian faith through indigenous conversions...
settlers from the Spanish city of Zamora. Spanish were attracted to the area because of fertile valleys in the region that were well suited for agricultural development.
Zamora was awarded city status by the Constitutional Congress in 1825, ratifying a decision made on November 21, 1810 by the Mexican War of Independence revolutionary leader Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. During the XIX century, Zamora developed into a great cultural and economic center due to high agricultural productivity and flourishing commerce. On December 10, 1831, Zamora was declared the municipal seat. Later the city's elite began a political movement to create a new state in which Zamora would be the state capital. In 1846, Archbishop Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos
Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos
Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos was a Mexican Roman Catholic prelate, lawyer and doctor of canon law, and politician...
initiated a clerical separation from Mexico City. By 1862 a new ecclesiastical office was founded, Dioceses of Zamora based in Zamora. The political aspirations to separate from the rest of the state were impeded.
During the Porfiriato the city experienced the fastest economic growth in its history. Between 1854 and 1910, the city experienced rapid economic growth due industrial development, city modernization, technological innovations, and increased agricultural productivity. Zamora was one of the first cities in the state that implemented new technologies like: railroad stations, telegraphs, telephones, electricity, modern water systems. In 1899 the department of transportation connected Zamora by railroad to other important populations centers in central Mexico. At the same time the department of urbanization had an image they wanted for the city which involved many modernization projects throughout the city. During the Porfiriato the city had an architectural renaissance celebrating many vogue European architectural styles. Large civil offices and religious temples were erected during this time that flaunted the economic wealth of the city like: Michoacán Center for the Arts, College of Michoacán, and Obrero de Zamora Theatre. On February 2, 1898 at the feast of Candlemas led by the second bishop of Zamora, Don Jose Ma. Càzares y Martinez the cornerstone of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe was laid. During this time many of the city's elite built new homes largely inspired by Victorian
Victorian architecture
The term Victorian architecture refers collectively to several architectural styles employed predominantly during the middle and late 19th century. The period that it indicates may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria. This represents the British and...
and Châteauesque
Châteauesque
Châteauesque is one of several terms, including Francis I style, and, in Canada, the Château Style, that refer to a revival architectural style based on the French Renaissance architecture of the monumental French country homes built in the Loire Valley from the late fifteenth century to the...
architectural styles.
The Mexican Revolution reached the state in 1911, when those loyal to Francisco I. Madero proclaimed the city and surrounding area there territory. When the state governor resigned the city would continue to be involved in the war. In 1918 the state ratified the state constitution. After the Mexican Revolution
Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that started in 1910, with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz. The Revolution was characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist, populist, and agrarianist movements. Over time the Revolution...
, the Cristero War
Cristero War
The Cristero War of 1926 to 1929 was an uprising and counter-revolution against the Mexican government in power at that time. The rebellion was set off by the strict enforcement of the anti-clerical provisions of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 and the expansion of further anti-clerical laws...
continued to devastate the region's agriculture which had detrimental economic effects to the city. Political hostilities would finally end in the city and vicinity in 1926.
Geography
Zamora de Hidalgo is located in the northwestern part of the state of Michoacán on the Tarascan Plateau at an elevation of 1,567 m 5,141 ft) above sea level. The city is the municipal seat of Zamora MunicipalityZamora Municipality, Michoacán
Zamora Municipality is a municipality in Michoacán, Mexico.The seat is at Zamora, Michoacán....
, which has an area of 330.97 km² (127.79 sq mi) and includes many other smaller communities, the largest of which is Ario de Rayón (Ario Santa Mónica).
More specifically the city is found in Tziróndaro Valley (P'urhépecha for "Swamp place"), a large alluvial plain
Alluvial plain
An alluvial plain is a relatively flat landform created by the deposition of sediment over a long period of time by one or more rivers coming from highland regions, from which alluvial soil forms...
surrounded by mountains with a northeast-southeast orientation. The topography of the region is flat with no slopes greater than 5%. During the Cenozoic
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic era is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras and covers the period from 65.5 mya to the present. The era began in the wake of the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous that saw the demise of the last non-avian dinosaurs and...
the area was a flood plain of the Duero River which deposited large amounts of basalt
Basalt
Basalt is a common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually grey to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet. It may be porphyritic containing larger crystals in a fine matrix, or vesicular, or frothy scoria. Unweathered basalt is black or grey...
, breccia
Breccia
Breccia is a rock composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock cemented together by a fine-grained matrix, that can be either similar to or different from the composition of the fragments....
, calcareous tuff, tuff
Tuff
Tuff is a type of rock consisting of consolidated volcanic ash ejected from vents during a volcanic eruption. Tuff is sometimes called tufa, particularly when used as construction material, although tufa also refers to a quite different rock. Rock that contains greater than 50% tuff is considered...
, andesite
Andesite
Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite. The mineral assemblage is typically dominated by plagioclase plus pyroxene and/or hornblende. Magnetite,...
, and rhyolite
Rhyolite
This page is about a volcanic rock. For the ghost town see Rhyolite, Nevada, and for the satellite system, see Rhyolite/Aquacade.Rhyolite is an igneous, volcanic rock, of felsic composition . It may have any texture from glassy to aphanitic to porphyritic...
. The dominant basalt rock found in the area give the soil a rich source of: calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, and sodium. The soils in the surrounding areas are rich and fertile making the region perfect for agriculture. The soil in the area is classified as pellic vertisol
Vertisol
In both the FAO and USA soil taxonomy, a vertisol is a soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing...
with significant amounts of chromate
Chromate
Chromate salts contain the chromate anion, CrO42−. Dichromate salts contain the dichromate anion, Cr2O72−. They are oxyanions of chromium in the oxidation state +6. They are moderately strong oxidizing agents.- Chemical properties :...
; the soil is of fine texture with rocky layer containing rocks smaller than 7.5 cm³. Veronica Vega was born there also, she makes pizzas now.
Climate
The city has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa)Humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters...
with average annual temperature of 18.5°C (65°F). The warmest month is May with an average temperature of 23.3°C (74°F), and the coldest month is December with an average temperature of 14.7°C (59°F). The city has an average annual precipitation of about 900.6 mm (35.4 in) mostly falling during the summer.
Education
UniversitiesZamora has six institutes of higher education:
- Centro de Estudios Universitarios Veracruz “Univer”.
- Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Zamora
- Universidad de Zamora
- Universidad del Valle de Atemajac
- UPN Unidad 162 Zamora
- Colegio de Michoacán.
- UMSNH Facultad de Medicina "Dr. Ignacio Chavez" Extension Zamora
Tourism
New Spain
New Spain, formally called the Viceroyalty of New Spain , was a viceroyalty of the Spanish colonial empire, comprising primarily territories in what was known then as 'América Septentrional' or North America. Its capital was Mexico City, formerly Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire...
and century XIX. Some of these monuments are the temple of San Francisco, the Our Lady of Guadalupe Unfinished Cathedral
Our Lady of Guadalupe Unfinished Cathedral
The Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe is a gothic revival Catholic cathedral located in Zamora, Michoacán, Mexico.-History:The cornerstone of the cathedral was laid on February 2, 1898, the feast of Candlemas, by the second bishop of Zamora, Don Jose Ma. Càzares y Martinez. The architectural plan...
of Zamora, second tallest church in Mexico; The church of San Francisco, the church of El Calvario, the Public Library and the Federal Palace.
One of the main tourist points is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe, located over 5 de Mayo Avenue; it is a neo-gothic style architectural wonder that dates from February 2,1898, this enormous cathedral is expected to reach 105 meters in height when completed, and will be one of the largest churches of its kind on the American continent.
Zamora has several leisure alternatives, periodically Theater of the City of Zamora offers events, as piano recitals, theater, camera concerts and works, also the School of Michoacán A.C. with soothes in Zamora offers to the citizenship diverse cultural events like cycles of films festivals, recitals, concerts and presentations of folkloric dances and events.
Every year in December the Festival of the Chongos Zamoranos is held, where the visitor is able to taste gastronomical samples, musical dances and interpretations, as well as the “Poets Meeting” and every 12 of December in Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe and in diverse places of the city. One of nearby best attractions is the Lago de Camécuaro National Park, which is one out of 5 national parks.
Famous Births
Policy and diplomacy- José Sixto Verduzco, insurgent leader during the War of IndependenceMexican War of IndependenceThe Mexican War of Independence was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and the Spanish colonial authorities which started on 16 September 1810. The movement, which became known as the Mexican War of Independence, was led by Mexican-born Spaniards, Mestizos and Amerindians who sought...
senator for Michoacán. - Alfonso García RoblesAlfonso García RoblesAlfonso García Robles was a Mexican diplomat and politician who, in conjunction with Sweden's Alva Myrdal, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982....
, Nobel Peace PrizeNobel Peace PrizeThe Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...
1982 and Secretary of Foreign AffairsSecretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)In Mexico, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs is a member of the federal executive cabinet with responsibility for implementing the country's foreign policy. The secretary is appointed by the President of the Republic and heads the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs ... - Marta SahagúnMarta SahagúnMarta Sahagún de Fox became the First Lady of Mexico on July 2, 2001, when she married President Vicente Fox Quesada....
, wife of ex president Vicente FoxVicente FoxVicente Fox Quesada is a Mexican former politician who served as President of Mexico from 1 December 2000 to 30 November 2006 and currently serves as co-President of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of Christian democratic political parties.Fox was elected... - María Elena Álvarez, doctor in political science (UNAMNational Autonomous University of MexicoThe Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México is a university in Mexico. UNAM was founded on 22 September 1910 by Justo Sierra as a liberal alternative to the Roman Catholic-sponsored Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico The Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) (National Autonomous...
), federal deputyChamber of Deputies of MexicoThe Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the Congress of the Union, Mexico's bicameral legislature. The structure and responsibilities of both chambers of Congress are defined in Articles 50 to 70 of the current constitution.-Composition:The Chamber of Deputies is composed of one federal...
and executive secretary of the National Women's Institute. - Gabriel Zamora, soccer player
Arts and culture
- Eduardo del RíoRiusEduardo del Río is a famous Mexican intellectual, political cartoonist and writer born in Zamora, Michoacán....
, writer and cartoonist. - Enrique Marín, actor.
- Edgar Gonzalez renowned blogger and architect based in Madrid, Spain.
- German Osorio entrepreneur and architect with design offices in Mexico and USA based in Tucson Arizona.
- Carlos Ruvalcaba, writer and journalist, its novels "Vida Crónica" by Alfaguara, Spain; "La Mariposa Bailarina" by Santillana-Alfaguara in Miami, Florida, and "Los Novenarios" by Secretaria de Cultura de Michoacán in Morelia, Mexico.
Sports
- Rafael MárquezRafael MárquezRafael Márquez Álvarez is a Mexican footballer who plays for New York Red Bulls in Major League Soccer and the Mexico national team. He plays as a centre back or defensive midfielder....
, Football player of New York Red Bulls - Juan Carlos ChavezJuan Carlos ChávezJuan Carlos Chávez Zárate is a Mexican former footballer who played at both professional and international levels as a midfielder.-Career:Chávez played club football for Atlas, Puebla, Monarcas Morelia and Pachuca....
, Former football player - Luis Ángel LandínLuis Ángel LandínLuis Ángel Landín is a Mexican footballer. He currently plays for Atlante of the Primera División de México.-Professional:...
, Football player of Atlante F.C.Atlante F.C.Club de Fútbol Atlante, is a Mexican professional football club, currently playing in the Mexican First Division League. The club is based in Cancún, Mexico as of the start of the 2007-08 season, when they relocated from Mexico City, and plays its home games in Estadio Andrés Quintana Roo.-Domestic...
Religion
- Francisco Plancarte y Navarrete, bishop of Campeche and Cuernavaca.
External links
- Link to tables of population data from Census of 2010 INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática]
- Michoacán Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México]
- Recipe for Chongos
- Ayuntamiento de Zamora Official website]
- El Sol de Zamora (newspaper)
- Instituto Cristobal Colon de Zamora Michoacán
- Santuario Guadalupano (Spanish)
- Zamora Michoacan by Omar Marrón Zuno (Spanish)
- http://www.telediario.mx/node/51494 Organizan Festival Internacional del Chongo Zamorano