Yuen Long District
Encyclopedia
Yuen Long District is one of the district
Districts of Hong Kong
The Districts of Hong Kong are the 18 political areas by which Hong Kong is geographically divided. Each district has a district council, which was formerly known as a district board. The districts were established in the early 1980s, when Hong Kong was under British rule...

s of Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...

 located in the northwest of the New Territories
New Territories
New Territories is one of the three main regions of Hong Kong, alongside Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula. It makes up 86.2% of Hong Kong's territory. Historically, it is the region described in The Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory...

. It had a population of 449,070 in 2001. The district has the youngest population of Hong Kong and the lowest income in the New Territories.

Geography

Yuen Long District contains the largest alluvial plain in Hong Kong, the Yuen Long-Kam Tin plain. With an area of 144 km², the district covers many traditional villages including Ping Shan Heung
Ping Shan
Ping Shan is an area in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located west of Yuen Long Town and Shui Pin Wai, and south of Tin Shui Wai. Administratively, it is part of Yuen Long District.-Geography:...

, Ha Tsuen Heung
Ha Tsuen
Ha Tsuen , or Ha Tsuen Heung is an area at the west of Yuen Long Town in Hong Kong. Administratively, it belongs to Yuen Long District.-History:...

, Kam Tin Heung
Kam Tin
Kam Tin , or Kam Tin Heung , is an area in the New Territories, Hong Kong. It is north of Tai Mo Shan and east of Yuen Long. It was formerly known as Sham Tin...

, Pat Heung
Pat Heung
Pat Heung is an area in the middle of New Territories, Hong Kong. Located at the east of Kam Tin and north of Shek Kong, it is the exit to Sheung Shui and Fanling...

, San Tin Heung
San Tin
San Tin , or San Tin Heung , is an area located near Lok Ma Chau area in the New Territories and belongs to the Yuen Long District, Hong Kong....

 and Shap Pat Heung
Shap Pat Heung
Shap Pat Heung is an area in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Located south of Yuen Long and northwest of Tai Tong, the area occupied the plain north of hills of Tai Lam. Cantonese name Shap Pat Heung means eighteen villages at its beginning. It is later expanded to thirty villages...

, as well as Yuen Long Town
Yuen Long Town
Yuen Long Town is located in the district centre of Yuen Long District, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is the heart of Yuen Long and Yuen Long New Town, with a population of around 200,000.- Geography :Yuen Long Town is located in the centre of Yuen Long...

 and Tin Shui Wai
Tin Shui Wai
Tin Shui Wai is an area of Hong Kong, located in Yuen Long District, in the northwestern part of the New Territories. Originally a gei wai fish pond area, the ponds were reclaimed for the development of Tin Shui Wai New Town in the late 1980s...

.

Two new towns have been developed within this district. Yuen Long New Town
Yuen Long New Town
Yuen Long New Town is a new town in the northwest New Territories, Hong Kong. It was developed from the traditional market town of Yuen Long Town from the late 1970s....

 was developed from the traditional market town of Yuen Long Town
Yuen Long Town
Yuen Long Town is located in the district centre of Yuen Long District, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is the heart of Yuen Long and Yuen Long New Town, with a population of around 200,000.- Geography :Yuen Long Town is located in the centre of Yuen Long...

 from the late 1970s. Tin Shui Wai New Town
Tin Shui Wai New Town
Tin Shui Wai New Town is located in northwestern New Territories of Hong Kong. It is a part of the Yuen Long District, and is the second new town in Yuen Long and the eighth in Hong Kong. It is situated 25 kilometres due north-west of Central, Hong Kong on land reclaimed from low lying areas south...

 has developed since the early 1990s, and is built on land reclaimed
Land reclamation in Hong Kong
Land is in short supply in Hong Kong, and land reclamation has been conducted there since the mid-19th century.-Projects:One of the earliest and famous project was the Praya Reclamation Scheme, which added 50 to of land in 1890 during the second phase of construction...

 from former fish ponds once common in the district.

History

Since the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...

, the Tang's clan has been living in Pat Heung. Like Tai Po
Tai Po
Tai Po is an area in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It refers to the vicinity of the traditional market towns in the area presently known as Tai Po Old Market or Tai Po Kau Hui and the Tai Wo Town on the other side of the Lam Tsuen River, near the old Tai Po Market Station of the...

, Yuen Long used to be a traditional market town
Market town
Market town or market right is a legal term, originating in the medieval period, for a European settlement that has the right to host markets, distinguishing it from a village and city...

.

Special festivals

The Tin Hau
Matsu (goddess)
Mazu , also spelt Matsu, is the indigenous goddess of the sea who is said to protect fishermen and sailors, and is invoked as the patron deity of all Southern Chinese and East Asian persons...

 Festival (天后誕巡遊) is on the 23rd of the third month of the lunar calendar
Lunar calendar
A lunar calendar is a calendar that is based on cycles of the lunar phase. A common purely lunar calendar is the Islamic calendar or Hijri calendar. A feature of the Islamic calendar is that a year is always 12 months, so the months are not linked with the seasons and drift each solar year by 11 to...

. It celebrates the birth of a local deity
Deity
A deity is a recognized preternatural or supernatural immortal being, who may be thought of as holy, divine, or sacred, held in high regard, and respected by believers....

, Tin Hau. During the day, residents from various walled villages parade
Parade
A parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and often accompanied by marching bands, floats or sometimes large balloons. Parades are held for a wide range of reasons, but are usually celebrations of some kind...

 on the two major streets in Yuen Long Town.

Hong Kong Wetland Park

Hong Kong Wetland Park
Hong Kong Wetland Park
Hong Kong Wetland Park is a conservation, education and tourism facility, located at the northern part of Tin Shui Wai, in Yuen Long. It was to be an ecological mitigation area for the wetlands lost due to Tin Shui Wai New Town development....

 (香港濕地公園) is located at the northern part of Tin Shui Wai
Tin Shui Wai
Tin Shui Wai is an area of Hong Kong, located in Yuen Long District, in the northwestern part of the New Territories. Originally a gei wai fish pond area, the ponds were reclaimed for the development of Tin Shui Wai New Town in the late 1980s...

. It was intended to be an ecological mitigation area (EMA) for the wetlands lost due to Tin Shui Wai New Town
Tin Shui Wai New Town
Tin Shui Wai New Town is located in northwestern New Territories of Hong Kong. It is a part of the Yuen Long District, and is the second new town in Yuen Long and the eighth in Hong Kong. It is situated 25 kilometres due north-west of Central, Hong Kong on land reclaimed from low lying areas south...

 development. In 1998, a project named as "International Wetland Park and Visitor Centre Feasibility Study" was initiated by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department , formerly Agriculture and Fisheries Department before 2001, of the Hong Kong Government is responsible for agriculture and fisheries in Hong Kong, conservation projects and issues, and managing the country parks and special areas...

 and the Hong Kong Tourism Board
Hong Kong Tourism Board
The Hong Kong Tourism Board is a Government-subvented body founded in 2001. The Board replaced the Hong Kong Tourist Association established in 1957...

 with a view to expanding the EMA to a wetland ecotourism attraction. After concluding that it was feasible to develop a wetland park at the EMA site without compromising its intended ecological mitigation functions and the development of the Wetland Park will also enhance the ecological function of the EMA to a world-class conservation, education and tourism facility, the concerned parties started the Wetland Park Project, which is regarded as one of the Millennium projects by the Administrations.

Kat Hing Wai

Kat Hing Wai (吉慶圍) in Kam Tin is one of the District's best-known walled villages
Walled villages of Hong Kong
Once common throughout China, walled villages can still be found in southern China and Hong Kong. Most of the walled villages in Hong Kong are located in the New Territories...

. It is the ancestral home of the Tangs, one of the "Five Great Clans" in the territory. Built by the Tangs 500 years ago, it is a rectangular walled village with an area of 100 metres by 90 metres. As a family stronghold, Kat Hing Wai has served the Tangs well through centuries. In the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....

, a five metre high blue brick wall and four cannon towers were added to defend bandits.

Route: West Rail Line Kam Sheung Road Station or KMB
Kowloon Motor Bus
The Kowloon Motor Bus Company Limited , a company of the Transport International Holdings Limited, is the largest franchised bus operators in Hong Kong, and one of the largest privately owned public bus operators in the world...

 routes 54, 64K and 77K

Mai Po Marshes

Mai Po Marshes
Mai Po Marshes
Mai Po Marshes is a nature reserve located near Yuen Long in Hong Kong. It is part of Deep Bay, an internationally significant wetland that is actually a shallow estuary, at the mouths of Sham Chun River, Shan Pui River and Tin Shui Wai Nullah...

 (米埔) is located in the centre of the wetland and has achieved international significance as a stopping and feeding place for migratory birds along the East Asian-Australian Flyway. The birdwatching season runs from October to May and more than 300 types of birds have been recorded in the area, many of them are rarely seen anywhere outside the region.

Visitors may go to Mai Po by the following ways:
  • From Central
    Central, Hong Kong
    Central is the central business district of Hong Kong. It is located in Central and Western District, on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, across Victoria Harbour from Tsim Sha Tsui, the southernmost point of Kowloon Peninsula...

    , take route 968 to Yuen Long (West) Bus terminal, then change taxi.
  • From Sheung Shui Station, take Bus 76K or red minibus 17 to Mai Po village, then walk to the Marsh (about 20 minutes).


On 30 Jan 2004, the Government suspended public visits to the Mai Po wetland reserve as a supposed measure to protect people from avian flu (H5N1).

Ping Shan Heritage Trail

Ping Shan Heritage Trail (屏山文物徑), inaugurated on 12 December 1993, was designed to link several historic buildings and monuments owned by the Tang clan in Ping Shan (including Tsui Sing Lau Pagoda 聚星樓 and Tang Ancestral Hall 鄧氏宗祠) by a 1 km trail.

Route: LRT Ping Shan Stop
Ping Shan Stop
The Ping Shan Stop is a MTR Light Rail stop located on the ground at Castle Peak Road in Yuen Long District, near Ping Shan . It began service on 18 September 1988 and belongs to Zone 4.-Neighbouring stops:...

, Hang Mei Tsuen Stop
Hang Mei Tsuen Stop
The Hang Mei Tsuen Stop is a MTR Light Rail stop. It is located on the ground at Ping Ha Road , near Hang Mei Tsuen , in Ping Shan , Yuen Long District. It began service on 10 January 1993 and belongs to Zone 4.-Neighbouring stops:...

 or West Rail Line Tin Shui Wai Station

Tai Fu Tai

Tai Fu Tai Mansion
Tai Fu Tai Mansion
Tai Fu Tai Mansion is located in San Tin near Lok Ma Chau, north of Yuen Long, Hong Kong.It was probably built in 1865 in the reign of the Qing Dynasty...

 (大夫第) in San Tin
San Tin
San Tin , or San Tin Heung , is an area located near Lok Ma Chau area in the New Territories and belongs to the Yuen Long District, Hong Kong....

 was probably built in 1865 in the reign of the Qing Dynasty. It is a richly embellished residence situated on a spacious ground, with a large open space in the front and a garden at the back. The whole compound is surrounded by a green-brick wall. It is a fine example of traditional Chinese dwellings of the scholar-gentry class and is certainly one of the most elegant buildings throughout the territory.

Route: KMB Bus 76K to San Tin

Tai Lam Country Park

Tai Lam Country Park
Tai Lam Country Park
Tai Lam Country Park , established on 23 February 1979, is a country park located in the Tai Lam, at the south of Yuen Long and east of Tuen Mun, in the western New Territories of Hong Kong. This country park has an area of 54 km².-Highlights:...

 is at the west of New Territory with an area of 54 km². Tai Lam has a small area of porphyry
Porphyry (geology)
Porphyry is a variety of igneous rock consisting of large-grained crystals, such as feldspar or quartz, dispersed in a fine-grained feldspathic matrix or groundmass. The larger crystals are called phenocrysts...

 in the northeast; for the remaining area, it is composed of highly erodible decomposed granite
Granite
Granite is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock. Granite usually has a medium- to coarse-grained texture. Occasionally some individual crystals are larger than the groundmass, in which case the texture is known as porphyritic. A granitic rock with a porphyritic...

. In 1952, afforestation started as a measure to protect the water catchment area. In spite of the poor soil conditions and the setbacks of fire damage over the years, mature stands of Acacia confusa
Acacia confusa
Acacia confusa is a perennial tree native to South-East Asia. Some common names for it are Acacia Petit Feuille, Small Philippine Acacia, Formosa Acacia and Formosan Koa. It grows to a height of 15m...

, Lophostemon confertus
Lophostemon confertus
The Brush Box, Lophostemon confertus, is a tree native to Australia, though it can be found in the United States and elsewhere. Quite frequently, it has been planted as a street tree, due to its hearty nature, its disease and pest resilience, high tolerance for smog, drought and poor drainage, as...

, Pinus massoniana
Pinus massoniana
Pinus massoniana is a species of pine, native to a wide area of central and southern China, including Hong Kong and Taiwan, and northern Vietnam, growing at low to moderate altitudes, mostly below 1,500 m but rarely up to 2,000 m altitude.- Description :It is an evergreen tree reaching 25-45 m in...

, Pinus elliottii and Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus is a diverse genus of flowering trees in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Members of the genus dominate the tree flora of Australia...

 species now cover most of the area. In addition, the plantations also offer a good habitat for birds, pangolin
Pangolin
A pangolin , also scaly anteater or Trenggiling, is a mammal of the order Pholidota. There is only one extant family and one genus of pangolins, comprising eight species. There are also a number of extinct taxa. Pangolins have large keratin scales covering their skin and are the only mammals with...

s, Chinese leopard cat, and barking deer. Nevertheless, Tai Lam is an excellent place for outdoor activities because of its remoteness.

Yuen Long Park

Yuen Long Park
Yuen Long Park
Yuen Long Park is one of the parks in Hong Kong. It is located in Yuen Long in the New Territories. It is managed by Leisure and Cultural Services Department.-History/Background:...

 (元朗市鎮公園) is a park at Yuen Long Town with recreational facilities. There is a 7-storey pagoda enclosing an aviary
Aviary
An aviary is a large enclosure for confining birds. Unlike cages, aviaries allow birds a larger living space where they can fly; hence, aviaries are also sometimes known as flight cages...

, which has become a landmark of Yuen Long.

Route: LRT Shui Pin Wai Stop
Shui Pin Wai Stop
The Shui Pin Wai Stop is a MTR Light Rail stop located on the ground at Castle Peak Road in Yuen Long District, near Shui Pin Wai Estate . It began service on 18 September 1988 and belongs to Zone 5. It serves Shui Pin Wai Estate and Yuen Long Park .-Neighbouring stops:-References:...

, LWB bus E34 or KMB Bus 68X, 264M, 269D, 276, 276P, 268B, 268C, B1 (get off the bus at Yuen Long Park.)

Leisure and cultural facilities

  • Yuen Long Theatre was opened in May 2000. This modern performing arts venue has become a centre for the arts in the New Territories northwest. The Theatre is situated at Yuen Long Tai Yuk Road in the vicinity of Yuen Long Park, Yuen Long Stadium and the Public Swimming Pool. The bamboo courtyard is a focus within the foyer, which creates an ambiance of serenity and tranquility.

  • Yuen Long Town Hall is located in Kau Yuk Road, near Yuen Long Police Station. It is to organize courses and leisure activities. There is also study room.

  • Yuen Long Swimming Pool is situated at Tai Yuk Road. There are 5 Standard swimming pools for four seasons.

  • Tin Shui Wai Swimming Pool and Tin Shui Wai Sports Centre are situated at 1 Tin Pak Road. There are 3 swimming pools for four seasons and a children swimming pool opened during summer.

  • Yuen Long Public Library is on the first floor of Yuen Long Government Offices, 2 Kiu Lok Square, Yuen Long.

  • Tin Shui Wai Public Library is at No.101-102, 1/F, Kingswood Ginza, Phase 2, 18 Tin Yan Road, Tin Shui Wai.

Transport

Located in the northwest of the New Territories, Yuen Long has a well-developed public transport network. It is easily accessible from different parts of Hong Kong by bus, mini-bus or railway.
  • Bus services provided by Kowloon Motor Bus
    Kowloon Motor Bus
    The Kowloon Motor Bus Company Limited , a company of the Transport International Holdings Limited, is the largest franchised bus operators in Hong Kong, and one of the largest privately owned public bus operators in the world...

    , Citybus
    Citybus (Hong Kong)
    Citybus Limited is one of the three major bus operators in Hong Kong. It provides both franchised and non-franchised bus service. The franchised route network serves mainly Hong Kong Island, cross-harbour routes , Ocean Park, North Lantau and Hong Kong International Airport...

     and MTR
  • West Rail Line and Light Rail services provided by MTR
    MTR
    Mass Transit Railway is the rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong. Originally opened in 1979, the system now includes 211.6 km of rail with 155 stations, including 86 railway stations and 69 light rail stops...

  • Public light bus
    Public light bus
    A Public light bus is a common public mode of transport in Hong Kong. It mainly serves the area that standard Hong Kong bus lines cannot reach as efficiently. It is also colloquially known as a minibus or a van, defined as a kind of share taxi....

    es
  • Taxis
    Taxicabs of Hong Kong
    Taxicabs of Hong Kong provide a taxi system. Most taxis are independently owned and operated, but some are owned by taxi companies, and the drivers are employees....

    , including the New Territories taxis (green taxis) and public taxis (public taxis).

Statistical information

Demographic characteristics
Population
Population
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...

449,070
Proportion of population (%) Aged under 15 20
Aged 15-64 71
Aged 65 and over 9
Median age 33
Proportion of population aged 15 and over being never married (%) Male 32
Female 27
Education
School attendance rate of population aged 6-18 (%) 92.9
Proportion of non-student population aged 20 and over having attained tertiary education (%) 10.9
Labour force characteristics
Labour force 219,444
Labour force participation rate (%) Male 74.0
Female 48.2
Both sexes 60.9
Median monthly income from main employment of working population (HK$) 10,588.7
Household characteristics
Number of domestic households 137,211
Average domestic household size 3.2
Median monthly domestic household income (HK$) 16,763.5
Housing characteristics
Number of occupied quarters 136,705
Average number of domestic households per unit of quarters 1.01
Proportion of domestic households owning the quarters they occupy (%) 48.15
Median monthly domestic household mortgage payment and loan repayment (HK$) 7,693.83
Median mortgage payment and loan repayment to income ratio (%) 24.63
Median monthly domestic household rent (HK$) 2,513.04
Median rent to income ratio (%) 16.36

Future

Entering into the 2004, development in Yuen Long has been carried out very rapidly. The West Rail project and other major infrastructural projects have all changed the face of Yuen Long from an old market town into a vibrant and dynamic district.

Apart from the West Rail project, Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Corridor
Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Corridor
The Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Corridor is a 5.5-kilometre , dual three-lane carriageway in Hong Kong, connecting Ngau Hom Shek, Hong Kong to an area leased by Hong Kong at Dongjiaotou, which is geographically located in southwestern Shenzhen, a city of mainland China...

 (深港西部通道), the fourth cross border route, between Hong Kong and mainland China has been completed and was opened in 2007. The site chosen in Hong Kong is Ngau Hom Shek (鰲磡石), located at the North West of Yuen Long and that in the mainland is near Shekou
Shekou
Shekou is an area at the tip of Nantou Peninsula in Shenzhen, Guangdong, southern China, south of Nantou and facing Lau Fau Shan of Hong Kong across Deep Bay.It was formerly a customs station in Bao'an County and now belongs to Nanshan District of Shenzhen...

, the busiest harbour port. The bridge is 5.5 km long and the expected traffic capacity is 80,000 car per day. It will benefits residents in Yuen Long because going to mainland China will only take 15 minutes.

See also

  • List of buildings, sites and areas in Hong Kong
  • Yuen Long Tin Shui Wai Democratic Alliance
    Yuen Long Tin Shui Wai Democratic Alliance
    The Yuen Long Tin Shui Wai Democratic Alliance is a political group in Hong Kong, and it was established in 2003.It is a pro-democracy group formed under the initiatives of legislator and former Democratic Party member Albert Chan Wai Yip in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the...

  • Yuen Long Town
    Yuen Long Town
    Yuen Long Town is located in the district centre of Yuen Long District, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is the heart of Yuen Long and Yuen Long New Town, with a population of around 200,000.- Geography :Yuen Long Town is located in the centre of Yuen Long...


External links

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