Yttrium orthovanadate
Encyclopedia
Yttrium orthovanadate is a transparent crystal. Undoped YVO4 is also used to make efficient high-power polarizing prisms similar to Glan–Taylor prisms.
There are two principal applications for doped Yttrium orthovanadate:
There are two principal applications for doped Yttrium orthovanadate:
- Doped with neodymiumNeodymiumNeodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite...
it forms Nd:YVO4, an active laser mediumActive laser mediumThe active laser medium is the source of optical gain within a laser. The gain results from the stimulated emission of electronic or molecular transitions to a lower energy state from a higher energy state...
used in diode-pumped solid-state lasers. - Doped with europiumEuropiumEuropium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water...
it forms Eu:YVO4, the dominant red phosphorPhosphorA phosphor, most generally, is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of luminescence. Somewhat confusingly, this includes both phosphorescent materials, which show a slow decay in brightness , and fluorescent materials, where the emission decay takes place over tens of nanoseconds...
used in cathode ray tubes especially in color TVs.
Basic properties
- Crystal structureCrystal structureIn mineralogy and crystallography, crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystalline liquid or solid. A crystal structure is composed of a pattern, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way, and a lattice exhibiting long-range order and symmetry...
:- ZirconZirconZircon is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates. Its chemical name is zirconium silicate and its corresponding chemical formula is ZrSiO4. A common empirical formula showing some of the range of substitution in zircon is 1–x4x–y...
tetragonalTetragonal crystal systemIn crystallography, the tetragonal crystal system is one of the 7 lattice point groups. Tetragonal crystal lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along one of its lattice vectors, so that the cube becomes a rectangular prism with a square base and height .There are two tetragonal Bravais...
(tetragonal bipyramidal) - Space group D4h
- Lattice parameters a = b = 7.119 ÅÅngströmThe angstrom or ångström, is a unit of length equal to 1/10,000,000,000 of a meter . Its symbol is the Swedish letter Å....
, c = 6.290 Å
- Zircon
- DensityDensityThe mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ . In some cases , density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly called specific weight...
: 4.24 gGramThe gram is a metric system unit of mass....
/cm3 - Melting pointMelting pointThe melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at standard atmospheric pressure...
: 1810–1940 °C - Mohs hardnessMohs scale of mineral hardnessThe Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material. It was created in 1812 by the German geologist and mineralogist Friedrich Mohs and is one of several definitions of hardness in...
: glassGlassGlass is an amorphous solid material. Glasses are typically brittle and optically transparent.The most familiar type of glass, used for centuries in windows and drinking vessels, is soda-lime glass, composed of about 75% silica plus Na2O, CaO, and several minor additives...
-like, ~5 - Knoop hardness: 480 kg/mm2
- Thermal expansion coefficient:
- αa = 4.43×10−6/KKelvinThe kelvin is a unit of measurement for temperature. It is one of the seven base units in the International System of Units and is assigned the unit symbol K. The Kelvin scale is an absolute, thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all...
- αc = 11.37×10−6/K
- αa = 4.43×10−6/K
- Thermal conductivityThermal conductivityIn physics, thermal conductivity, k, is the property of a material's ability to conduct heat. It appears primarily in Fourier's Law for heat conduction....
coefficient:- parallel to c-axis: 5.23 WWattThe watt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units , named after the Scottish engineer James Watt . The unit, defined as one joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion.-Definition:...
·m−1·K−1 - perpendicular to c-axis: 5.10 W·m−1·K−1
- parallel to c-axis: 5.23 W
- Refractive indicesRefractive indexIn optics the refractive index or index of refraction of a substance or medium is a measure of the speed of light in that medium. It is expressed as a ratio of the speed of light in vacuum relative to that in the considered medium....
, birefringenceBirefringenceBirefringence, or double refraction, is the decomposition of a ray of light into two rays when it passes through certain anisotropic materials, such as crystals of calcite or boron nitride. The effect was first described by the Danish scientist Rasmus Bartholin in 1669, who saw it in calcite...
( Δn = ne - no) and walk-off angle at 45° (ρ):- at 0.63 µmMicrometreA micrometer , is by definition 1×10-6 of a meter .In plain English, it means one-millionth of a meter . Its unit symbol in the International System of Units is μm...
:- ne = 2.2154
- no = 1.9929
- Δn = 0.2225
- ρ = 6.04
- at 1.30 µm:
- ne = 2.1554
- no = 1.9500
- Δn = 0.2054
- ρ= 5.72
- at 1.55 µm:
- ne = 2.1486
- no = 1.9447
- Δn = 0.2039
- ρ = 5.69
- Sellmeier equationSellmeier equationThe Sellmeier equation is an empirical relationship between refractive index and wavelength for a particular transparent medium. The equation is used to determine the dispersion of light in the medium....
(λWavelengthIn physics, the wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.It is usually determined by considering the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase, such as crests, troughs, or zero crossings, and is a...
in µm):- ne2=4.59905 + 0.110534/(λ2 − 0.04813) − 0.012267612 λ2
- no2=3.77834 + 0.069736/(λ2 − 0.04724) − 0.0108133 λ2
- at 0.63 µm