Yoshkar-Ola
Encyclopedia
Yoshkar-Ola is the capital
city of the Mari El Republic, Russia
. Population:
Yoshkar-Ola means red city in Mari
. The current name is the third to have been given to the city. The city was known as Tsaryovokokshaysk before 1919 and as Krasnokokshaysk between 1919 and 1927. These names were derived from the name of the Malaya Kokshaga River
, which runs through the city.
During the Soviet
era, especially after World War II
, the city was a regional industrial and transport center and grew to its current size. The collapse of the Soviet Union removed support for state enterprises, and led to the shutdown of most manufacturing activity in the area. Much of the city's economic activity was supported by shuttle traders
who would transport (often counterfeit
) goods from the bustling markets of Moscow to Yoshkar-Ola's bazaars. The sharp decline in living standards led to the emigration of specialized professionals to larger cities in Russia.
The 14th Kiev-Zhitomir Rocket Division of the 27th Guards Missile Army
of the Strategic Rocket Forces
is located nearby.
with other short-service trains running to and from Kazan
. Moscow and various other nearby towns and regions can also be reached by buses departing from the local bus station. The Yoshkar-Ola Airport
is also located 9 km north of the city and handles small aircraft Moscow
-bound flights (Domodedovo International Airport
) since June 2008. It is planned to expand the range of destinations in the near future.
Destinations within the city limits can be reached through a network of buses, trolleys, and route taxis, or marshrutka
s. There are currently seven different bus routes, eleven different trolley routes, and seventeen marshrutka routes.
with: Szombathely
(Hungary
) Bourges
(France
) Princeton
, West Virginia
(USA)
Capital City
Capital City was a television show produced by Euston Films which focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman....
city of the Mari El Republic, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Population:
Yoshkar-Ola means red city in Mari
Mari language
The Mari language , spoken by more than 600,000 people, belongs to the Uralic language family. It is spoken primarily in the Mari Republic of the Russian Federation as well as in the area along the Vyatka river basin and eastwards to the Urals...
. The current name is the third to have been given to the city. The city was known as Tsaryovokokshaysk before 1919 and as Krasnokokshaysk between 1919 and 1927. These names were derived from the name of the Malaya Kokshaga River
Malaya Kokshaga River
The Malaya Kokshaga is a 194 km-long river in Mari El, a left tributary of the Volga. It originates in the northern part of the republic, passes through its capital, Yoshkar-Ola, and flows to the Kuybyshev Reservoir, Volga near Kokshaisk. The Malaya Kokshaga is mainly fed by snow. From November...
, which runs through the city.
During the Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
era, especially after World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the city was a regional industrial and transport center and grew to its current size. The collapse of the Soviet Union removed support for state enterprises, and led to the shutdown of most manufacturing activity in the area. Much of the city's economic activity was supported by shuttle traders
Shuttle trading
Shuttle trading is a term used for a Russian economic practice in which traders shuttle backwards and forwards across the country buying goods from cheap sources in Moscow, major port cities or outside Russia and selling them in the Russian interior...
who would transport (often counterfeit
Counterfeit
To counterfeit means to illegally imitate something. Counterfeit products are often produced with the intent to take advantage of the superior value of the imitated product...
) goods from the bustling markets of Moscow to Yoshkar-Ola's bazaars. The sharp decline in living standards led to the emigration of specialized professionals to larger cities in Russia.
The 14th Kiev-Zhitomir Rocket Division of the 27th Guards Missile Army
27th Guards Missile Army
27th Guards Vitebsk Red Banner Rocket Army is one of the 3 rocket armies within Russian Strategic Rocket Forces headquartered at Vladimir, Vladimir Oblast in Western Russia....
of the Strategic Rocket Forces
Strategic Rocket Forces
The Strategic Missile Troops or Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation or RVSN RF , transliteration: Raketnye voyska strategicheskogo naznacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, literally Missile Troops of Strategic Designation of the Russian Federation) are a military branch of the Russian...
is located nearby.
Transportation
Yoshkar-Ola is linked to other cities and regions in Russia by a series of train and bus routes. The local train station is currently served by a daily train to and from the capital MoscowMoscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
with other short-service trains running to and from Kazan
Kazan
Kazan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,143,546 , it is the eighth most populous city in Russia. Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia. In April 2009, the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the...
. Moscow and various other nearby towns and regions can also be reached by buses departing from the local bus station. The Yoshkar-Ola Airport
Yoshkar-Ola Airport
Yoshkar-Ola Airport is an airport in Mari El Republic, Russia located north of Yoshkar-Ola and from Moscow Domodedovo Airport .As a category 2 airport it handles Tu-134, Yak-42 and smaller airliners....
is also located 9 km north of the city and handles small aircraft Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
-bound flights (Domodedovo International Airport
Domodedovo International Airport
Moscow Domodedovo Airport or Domodedovo International Airport is an international airport located in Domodedovsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia, south-southeast of the centre of Moscow...
) since June 2008. It is planned to expand the range of destinations in the near future.
Destinations within the city limits can be reached through a network of buses, trolleys, and route taxis, or marshrutka
Marshrutka
Marshrutka , from marshrutnoye taksi is a share taxi in the CIS countries, the Baltic states, and Bulgaria. Marshrutnoye taksi literally means routed taxicab...
s. There are currently seven different bus routes, eleven different trolley routes, and seventeen marshrutka routes.
Climate
The city is situated in a temperate continental climate. The winters are long and cold with high yearly snowfall totals in these regions, in the majority of winter seasons a temperature of -18 C or lower can be expected with January as the coldest month. The area enjoys pleasantly warm summers, marred by only occasional, brief intervals of sultry or rainy conditions with July as the hottest month (+22...+24°C).Education
Yoshkar-Ola is home to several institutions of higher education:- Mari State University (Марийский государственный университет)
- Mari State Technical UniversityMari State Technical UniversityMari State Technical University , previously known as MarSTU , is first technical, and one of the first institution of higher education of the republic of Mari El, the largest educational and scientific center of the republic.- Names :...
(Марийский государственный технический университет) - Mari State Pedagogical Institute (Марийский государственный педагогический институт) (incorporated into Mari State University in 2008)
Twin towns/sister cities
Yoshkar-Ola is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Szombathely
Szombathely
Szombathely is the 10th largest city in Hungary. It is the administrative centre of Vas county in the west of the country, located near the border with Austria...
(Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
) Bourges
Bourges
Bourges is a city in central France on the Yèvre river. It is the capital of the department of Cher and also was the capital of the former province of Berry.-History:...
(France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
) Princeton
Princeton, West Virginia
Princeton is a city in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 7,652 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Bluefield, WV-VA micropolitan area which has a population of 111,586. It is the county seat of Mercer County...
, West Virginia
West Virginia
West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian and Southeastern regions of the United States, bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the northeast and Maryland to the east...
(USA)