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The Yale School of Medicine at Yale University
Yale University

Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School, Yale is the Colonial Colleges institution of higher education in the United States and is a member of the Ivy League....
 is a private
Private school

Private schools, or independent schools, are schools not administered by local, state, or national government, which retain the right to select their student body and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition rather than with public funds....
 medical school
Medical school

A medical school is a tertiary educational institution?or part of such an institution?that teaches medicine.In addition to a medical degree program, some medical schools offer programs leading to a Master's Degree, Doctor of Philosophy , or other post-secondary education....
 located in New Haven
New Haven, Connecticut

New Haven is the third largest municipality in Connecticut, after Bridgeport, Connecticut and Hartford, with a core population of about 124,000 people....
, Connecticut
Connecticut

Connecticut is a U.S. state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The state borders New York to the west and south , Massachusetts to the north, and Rhode Island to the east....
, U.S.
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 It was founded in 1810 as The Medical Institution of Yale College, and formally opened its doors in 1813.

The primary teaching hospital for the school is Yale-New Haven Hospital
Yale-New Haven Hospital

Yale-New Haven Hospital is a 944-bed hospital located in downtown New Haven, Connecticut, Connecticut.The hospital is owned and operated by the Yale New Haven Health System, Inc....
. The school is home to the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library
Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library

The Harvey Cushing and John Hay Whitney Medical Library is the central library of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. Previously known as the Yale Medical Library, it is one of the finest modern medical libraries....
, one of the largest modern medical libraries, also known for its historical collections. The faculty includes 25 National Academy of Sciences
United States National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine."...
 members and 24 Institute of Medicine
Institute of Medicine

The Institute of Medicine , one of the United States National Academies, is a Non-profit organization, non-governmental United States organization chartered in 1970 as a part of the United States National Academy of Sciences....
 investigators.

School of Medicine offers a medical degree (M.D.) and a physician associate
Yale Physician Associate Program

The Yale Physician Associate program accepted its first class in 1971. The mission of the program is to educate individuals to become outstanding clinicians and to foster leaders who will serve their communities and advance the Physician Assistant profession....
 (PA) degree (M.M.S.
Physician assistant

In the United States, a 'physician assistant' is an advanced practice clinician licensed to practice medicine with the supervision of a licensed physician....
).






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The Yale School of Medicine at Yale University
Yale University

Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School, Yale is the Colonial Colleges institution of higher education in the United States and is a member of the Ivy League....
 is a private
Private school

Private schools, or independent schools, are schools not administered by local, state, or national government, which retain the right to select their student body and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition rather than with public funds....
 medical school
Medical school

A medical school is a tertiary educational institution?or part of such an institution?that teaches medicine.In addition to a medical degree program, some medical schools offer programs leading to a Master's Degree, Doctor of Philosophy , or other post-secondary education....
 located in New Haven
New Haven, Connecticut

New Haven is the third largest municipality in Connecticut, after Bridgeport, Connecticut and Hartford, with a core population of about 124,000 people....
, Connecticut
Connecticut

Connecticut is a U.S. state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The state borders New York to the west and south , Massachusetts to the north, and Rhode Island to the east....
, U.S.
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 It was founded in 1810 as The Medical Institution of Yale College, and formally opened its doors in 1813.

The primary teaching hospital for the school is Yale-New Haven Hospital
Yale-New Haven Hospital

Yale-New Haven Hospital is a 944-bed hospital located in downtown New Haven, Connecticut, Connecticut.The hospital is owned and operated by the Yale New Haven Health System, Inc....
. The school is home to the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library
Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library

The Harvey Cushing and John Hay Whitney Medical Library is the central library of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. Previously known as the Yale Medical Library, it is one of the finest modern medical libraries....
, one of the largest modern medical libraries, also known for its historical collections. The faculty includes 25 National Academy of Sciences
United States National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine."...
 members and 24 Institute of Medicine
Institute of Medicine

The Institute of Medicine , one of the United States National Academies, is a Non-profit organization, non-governmental United States organization chartered in 1970 as a part of the United States National Academy of Sciences....
 investigators.

Education

The School of Medicine offers a medical degree (M.D.) and a physician associate
Yale Physician Associate Program

The Yale Physician Associate program accepted its first class in 1971. The mission of the program is to educate individuals to become outstanding clinicians and to foster leaders who will serve their communities and advance the Physician Assistant profession....
 (PA) degree (M.M.S.
Physician assistant

In the United States, a 'physician assistant' is an advanced practice clinician licensed to practice medicine with the supervision of a licensed physician....
). Public Health degrees are administered through the Yale School of Public Health
Yale School of Public Health

The Yale School of Public Health was founded in 1915 by Charles-Edward Amory Winslow.The School of Public Health awards Master of Science and Master of Public Health degrees as well as Ph.D degrees through the Yale Graduate School....
. There are also joint degree programs with other disciplines at Yale including law (M.D/J.D.
Juris Doctor

Juris Doctor is a first professional degree graduate degree and professional doctorate in law degree. The degree was first awarded by Harvard University in the United States in the late 19th century as a degree similar to the old European doctor of law degree and the legal studies counterpart to the M.D....
), business (M.D./M.B.A.), public health (M.D/M.P.H.) and science/engineering (M.D./Ph.D.
Ph.D.

Ph.D. or PHD may stand for:* Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group* Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip...
). Students pursuing a tuition-free fifth year of research are eligible for the Master of Health Science
Master of Health Science

The Master of Health Science degree is a specialized Master's degree. Depending on the department and specific area of study, the MHS degree provides opportunities for advanced study and research or prepares individuals to begin or advance their careers as Public health professionals ....
 degree. There is a joint program in divinity (M.D./M.Div).

The M.D. program is notable for its assessment of student achievement. In particular, the school employs the so-called "Yale System", established by Dean Winternitz in the 1920s, wherein first- and second-year students are not grade
Grade (education)

In education, a grade is a teacher's standardized evaluation of a student's work. In some countries, evaluations can be expressed quantifiably, and calculated into a numeric grade point average , which is used as a metrics by employers and others to assess and compare students....
d or ranked
Academic rank

The world of academia—that is, scholars and students in a research and learning community associated with higher education typically are defined by a rather rigid set of ranks for professors and other instructors....
 among their classmates. In addition, course examination
Examination

To examine somebody or something is to inspect it closely; hence, an examination is a detailed inspection or analysis of an object or person....
s are anonymous, and are intended only for students' self-evaluation. Student performance is thus based on seminar
Seminar

Seminar is, generally, a form of academic instruction, either at a university or offered by a commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some particular subject, in which everyone present is requested to actively participate....
 participation, qualifying examinations (if a student fails, it is his or her responsibility to meet with a professor and arrange for an alternative assessment - passing grades are not released), clinical clerkship evaluations, and the USMLE. Prior to graduation
Graduation

Graduation is the action of receiving or conferring an academic degree or the ceremony that is sometimes associated, where students become Graduates....
, students are required to submit a thesis
Thesis

A dissertation is a document that presents the author's research and findings and is submitted in support of candidature for a degree or professional qualification....
 based on original research
Original research

Original research is research that is not exclusively based on a summary, review or synthesis of earlier publications on the subject of research....
. A hallmark of the Yale System is the unusual flexibility that it provides; with this flexibility comes great responsibility for the student to take an active role in directing his or her education according to individual interests.

Other key features of the Yale System include:
  • commentary-based feedback from small group leaders
  • an integrated Molecules to Systems course that includes Biochemistry, Physiology, and Cell Biology and the corresponding small group conferences (Biochemistry Conference, Physiology Case Conference, Histology Lab)
  • early clinical exposure through the two-year Pre-Clinical Clerkship (PCC) course, in which students (in groups of 4) are assigned a physician mentor with whom they will learn the History and Physical Examination
  • a surgery-based Human Anatomy course that focuses on teaching the principles of anatomy through case-based dissections involving surgical procedures rather than rote memorization
  • a comprehensive student teaching program (Students Helping Students) in which second-year students review key concepts during optional evening sessions several times each week
  • the opportunity to take electives that include advanced cell biology and neuroscience, global health, translational research, or any topic being taught through graduate or undergraduate programs at the University


History

In 18th century America, credentials were not needed to practice medicine. Prior to the founding of the medical school, Yale graduates would train through an apprenticeship in order to become physicians. Yale president Ezra Stiles
Ezra Stiles

The Rev. Ezra Stiles was an American academic and educator, a Congregational church minister, theologian and author. He was president of Yale College ....
 conceived the idea of training physicians at Yale and ultimately, his successor Timothy Dwight IV
Timothy Dwight IV

Timothy Dwight was an American academic and educator, a Congregational church minister, theologian, and author. He was the eighth president of Yale College ....
 helped to found the medical school. The school was chartered in 1810 and opened in New Haven in 1813. Nathan Smith
Nathan Smith (physician)

Nathan Smith was one of New England?s best-known and respected physicians. He was a skilled surgeon, teacher, writer, and practitioner. At a time when most American physicians were poorly educated, he single-handedly founded Dartmouth Medical School, and co-founded the University of Vermont#College of Medicine, the medical school at Bowdoin...
 (medicine and surgery) and Benjamin Silliman
Benjamin Silliman

Benjamin Silliman was an United States chemist, one of the first American professors of science , and the first to distill petroleum....
 (pharmacology) were the first faculty members. Silliman was a professor of chemistry and taught at both Yale College and the Medical School. The other two founding faculty were Jonathan Knight, anatomy, physiology and surgery and Eli Ives, pediatrics.

The original building (at Grove and Prospect) later became Sheffield Hall, part of the Sheffield Scientific School
Sheffield Scientific School

Sheffield Scientific School was founded in 1847 as a school of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut for instruction in science and engineering....
 (razed in 1931). In 1860, the school moved to Medical Hall on York Street, near Chapel (this building was razed in 1957). In 1925, the school moved to its current campus, neighboring the hospital. This campus includes the Sterling Hall of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine (1991, designed by Cesar Pelli
César Pelli

C?sar Pelli is an Argentine architect known for designing some of the world's tallest buildings and other major urban landmarks. His designs are known for their curved facades and metallic elements....
), Anlyan Center (2003, designed by Payette and Venturi Scott Brown) and the Amistad Building (2007, designed by Herbert Newman).

Deans

Before 1845, there was no dean. Nathan Smith, followed by Jonathan Knight, provided leadership in the early years.

  • Charles Hooker (1845-1863), Professor of Anatomy and Physiology. His practice included surgery, obstetrics, and practical medicine.
  • Charles Augustus Lindsley (1863-1885), Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics; later of the Theory and Practice of Medicine.
  • Herbert Eugene Smith (1885-1910), physician and chemist
  • George Blumer (1910-1920)
  • Milton Winternitz (1920-1935), pathologist
  • Stanhope Bayne-Jones (1935-1940), physician and bacteriologist
  • Francis Gilman Blake (1940-1947)
  • Cyril Norman Hugh Long
    Cyril Norman Hugh Long

    Cyril Norman Hugh Long was an England-United States biochemistry and academic administrator. He was Sterling Professor of physiological chemistry at Yale University for 31 years during the middle part of the 20th century....
     (1947-1952), physician and biochemist
  • Vernon W. Lippard (1952-1967)
  • Frederick Carl Redlich (1967-1972), psychiatrist
  • Lewis Thomas
    Lewis Thomas

    Lewis Thomas was a physician, poet, etymologist, essayist, administrator, educator, policy advisor, and researcher.Thomas was born in Flushing, New York and attended Princeton University and Harvard Medical School....
     (1972-1973), physician and author
  • Robert Berliner (1973-1984)
  • Leon Rosenberg (1984-1991)
  • Robert M. Donaldson (acting) (1991-1992)
  • Gerard N. Burrow (1992-1997)
  • David Aaron Kessler
    David Aaron Kessler

    David Aaron Kessler is an American pediatrician, lawyer, author, and Administration . He was the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration from November 8, 1990 to February 28, 1997....
     (1997-2003), pediatrician, lawyer and former commissioner of the FDA
  • Dennis Spencer (acting) (2003-2004), neurosurgeon
  • Robert Alpern (2004-present), nephrologist


Notable faculty

  • Harvey Cushing
    Harvey Cushing

    Harvey Williams Cushing was an American neurosurgery and a pioneer of brain surgery. He is widely regarded as the greatest neurosurgeon of the 20th century and often called the "father of modern neurosurgery"....
  • Russell Henry Chittenden
    Russell Henry Chittenden

    Russell Henry Chittenden was an United States physiological chemistry. He conducted pioneering research in the biochemistry of digestion and nutrition....
  • Patricia Goldman-Rakic
    Patricia Goldman-Rakic

    Patricia Goldman-Rakic was an American neuroscientist/neurobiologist known for her pioneering study of the frontal lobe and her work on the cellular basis of working memory....
  • Arnold Gesell
    Arnold Gesell

    Dr. Arnold Lucius Gesell was a psychologist and pediatrician who was a pioneer in the field of child development.Gesell was born in Alma, Wisconsin, whose dysgenic qualities Gesell later analysed in The Village of a Thousand Souls....
  • Arthur L. Horwich
    Arthur L. Horwich

    Arthur L. Horwich is an United States biologist and Eugene Higgins Professor of Genetics and Pediatrics at Yale School of Medicine. Horwich has also been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator since 1990....
  • Orvan Hess
    Orvan Hess

    Orvan Walter Hess was a physician noted for his early use of penicillin and the development of the fetal heart monitor.Hess was born in Lackawaxen Township, Pennsylvania....
  • Lafayette Mendel
    Lafayette Mendel

    Lafayette Benedict Mendel was an United States biochemist known for his work in nutrition including the study of Vitamin A, Vitamin B, lysine and tryptophan....
  • Nathan Smith
    Nathan Smith (physician)

    Nathan Smith was one of New England?s best-known and respected physicians. He was a skilled surgeon, teacher, writer, and practitioner. At a time when most American physicians were poorly educated, he single-handedly founded Dartmouth Medical School, and co-founded the University of Vermont#College of Medicine, the medical school at Bowdoin...
  • Stephen Fleck
    Stephen Fleck

    Stephen Fleck was a professor in the Psychiatry and Epidemiology and Public Health Departments at the Yale University Yale School of Medicine from 1953 to 1983 and professor emeritus from 1983 until his death....
  • Theodore Lidz
    Theodore Lidz

    Theodore Lidz was an American psychiatrist best known for his articles and books on the causes of schizophrenia and on psychotherapy with schizophrenic patients....


See also

  • List of Yale University people
    List of Yale University people

    Yalies are persons affiliated with Yale University, commonly including alumni, current and former faculty members, students, and others. Here follows a list of notable Yalies....


External links