X-SAMPA

The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London University of London

name = University of London |type = Public [i] ... 

. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the International Phonetic Alphabet International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic notation [i] devised ... 

. The result is a SAMPA-inspired recasting of the IPA into 7-bit ASCII ASCII

ASCII , generally pronounced [i] , is a character encoding [i] based on the English alphabet [i] ... 

.

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Encyclopedia

The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London University of London

name = University of London
|type = Public [i]
... 

. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the International Phonetic Alphabet International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic notation [i] devised ... 

.

The result is a SAMPA-inspired recasting of the IPA into 7-bit ASCII ASCII

ASCII , generally pronounced [i] , is a character encoding [i] based on the English alphabet [i] ... 

.

Summary

Notes

• The IPA symbols that are ordinary lower-case letters have the same value in X-SAMPA as they do in the IPA.
• X-SAMPA uses a following backslash as an escape character to create a new symbol. For example O is a distinct sound from O\, to which it bears no relation.
• X-SAMPA diacritics follow the symbols they modify. Except for ~ for nasalization, = for syllabicity, and ` for retroflexion Retroflex consonant
  
  In phonetics [i], retroflex consonants are consonant [i] sounds used in some language [i]s. ... 
  
   and rhotacization R-colored vowel
  
  In phonetics [i], an r-colored vowel or rhotacized vowel is a vowel either with the tip or blade o ... 
  
  , diacritics are joined to the character with the underscore character _.
• The underscore character is also used to encode the IPA tiebar.
• The numbers _1 to _6 are reserved diacritics as shorthand for language-specific tone numbers.
  

Lowercase symbols

XS	IPA	IPA	Description	Examples
a			open front unrounded vowel	French dame [dam], Spanish padre ["paD4e]
b			voiced bilabial plosive	English bed [bEd], French bon [bO~]
b_<			voiced bilabial implosive
c			voiceless palatal plosive	Hungarian latyak ["lAcAk]
d			voiced alveolar plosive	English dig [dIg], French doigt [dwa]
d`			voiced retroflex plosive	Swedish hord [hu:d`]
d_<			voiced alveolar implosive
e			close-mid front unrounded vowel	French ses [se]
f			voiceless labiodental fricative	English five [faIv], French femme [fam]
g			voiced velar plosive Voiced velar plosive The voiced velar plosive is a type of consonant [i]al sound, used in some spoken [i] language [i] ...	English game [geIm], French longue [lO~g]
g_<			voiced velar implosive
h			voiceless glottal fricative	English house [haUs]
h\			voiced glottal fricative
i			close front unrounded vowel	English be [bi:], French oui [wi], Spanish si [si]
j			palatal approximant	English yes [jEs], French yeux [j2]
j\			voiced palatal fricative	Greek ?e?? [j\a]
k			voiceless velar plosive	English cat [k Uppercase symbols XS IPA IPA Description Example A open back unrounded vowel  English father ["fA:D@] B voiced bilabial fricative  Spanish lavar [la"Ba4] B\ bilabial trill  Reminiscent of shivering C voiceless palatal fricative  German ich [IC], English human ["Cum@n] D voiced dental fricative  English then [DEn] E open-mid front unrounded vowel  French même [mEm], English met [mEt] F labiodental nasal  English emphasis ["EFf@sIs] G voiced velar fricative  Greek ????a [Go"nia], Danish vælge ["vElG@] G\ voiced uvular plosive  Inuktitut nirivvik [niG\ivvik] G\_< voiced uvular implosive    H labial-palatal approximant  French huit [Hi] H\ voiceless epiglottal fricative    I near-close near-front unrounded vowel  English kit [kIt] I\ central lax close unrounded vowel, not in IPA Polish ryba [rI\bA]  J palatal nasal  Spanish año ["aJo], English canyon ["k:t] 1 close central unrounded vowel  Welsh tu [t1], American English rose's ["r\oUz1z] 2 close-mid front rounded vowel  Danish købe ["k2:b@], French deux [d2] 3 open-mid central unrounded vowel  English nurse [n3:s] or [n3`s] 3\ open-mid central rounded vowel  Dutch munt [m3\nt] 4 alveolar flap  Spanish pero ["pe4o], American English better ["bE4@`] 5 velarized alveolar lateral approximant; also see _e English milk [mI5k] 6 near-open central vowel  German besser ["bEs6], Australian English mud [m6d] 7 close-mid back unrounded vowel Close-mid back unrounded vowel ...    Estonian kõik [k7ik], Occurs in Vietnamese 8 close-mid central rounded vowel  Swedish buss [b8s] 9 open-mid front rounded vowel  French neuf [n9f], Danish drømme [dR9m@] & open front rounded vowel    ? glottal stop  Danish stød [sd2?], Cockney English bottle ["bQ?l] ?\ voiced pharyngeal fricative  Arabic ‘ayn *   undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor"   /   indeterminacy in French vowels   <   begin nonsegmental notation   <\ voiced epiglottal fricative    >   end nonsegmental notation   >\ epiglottal plosive    ^ upstep   ! downstep   !\ postalveolar click    > minor group   >\ dental click    || major group   >\|\ lateral alveolar click    =\ palatal click    -\ linking mark   Diacritics XS IPA IPA Description _" centralized _+ advanced _- retracted _/   rising tone _0 voiceless _<   implosive = syllabic _> ejective _?\ pharyngealized _\   falling tone _^ non-syllabic _} no audible release ` rhotacization R-colored vowel In phonetics [i], an r-colored vowel or rhotacized vowel is a vowel either with the tip or blade o ...   in vowels, retroflexion in consonants ~ nasalization _A advanced tongue root _a apical _B extra low tone _B_L low rising tone _c less rounded _d dental Dental consonant Dentals are consonant [i]s such as t, d, n, and l articulated with either the lower teet ...  _e velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5 <F> global fall _F falling tone _G velarized _H high tone _H_T high rising tone _h aspirated _j palatalized _k creaky voice _L low tone _l lateral release _M mid tone _m laminal _N linguolabial Linguolabial consonant Linguolabials or apicolabials are consonants [i] articulated by placing the tongue tip o ...  _n nasal release _O more rounded _o lowered _q retracted tongue root <R> global rise _R rising tone _R_F rising falling tone _r raised _T extra high tone _t breathy voice _v voiced _w labialized _X extra-short _x mid-centralized See also International Phonetic Alphabet International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic notation [i] devised ...  International Phonetic Alphabet for English SAMPA, a language-specific predecessor of X-SAMPA. Z-SAMPA, an unofficial, futher extended version of X-SAMPA used for language construction SAMPA chart for English Kirshenbaum, a similar system. List of phonetics topics External links Email Print Bookmark Link Categories: SAMPA