Wuyue
Encyclopedia
Kingdom of Wuyue 907
-978
, was a small independent coastal kingdom founded during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907
-960
) of Chinese history. It was ruled by the Qian
family, which remains widespread in the kingdom's former territory.
The Qian
family had been providing military leaders to the Tang Dynasty
beginning in 887
. Qian Liu
was named Prince of Yue
in 902
, with the title of Prince of Wu
added two years later. In 907
, when the Tang Dynasty
fell and was replaced in the north by the Later Liang Dynasty
, military leaders in the south formed their own kingdoms. Qian Liu
used his position to proclaim himself the King of Wuyue. This signaled the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period which would last until the founding of the Song Dynasty
in 960
.
and Yue Kingdom, two ancient kingdoms during the Spring and Autumn Period from 770 to 476 BC
.
, the kingdom included present-day Zhejiang
, Shanghai
, along with the southern portion of Jiangsu Province. It would also later absorb some of the northern part of Fujian
when the Min
Kingdom fell in 945
. The territorial extent of Wuyue roughly corresponded to the territories of the ancient Yue, but not the ancient Wu—which led to charges by the neighboring Wu
(also known as Southern Wu) that Wuyue had designs on its territory, and the name was a source of tension for years between the two states.
In the early decades of its existence, Wuyue bordered the Min
Kingdom on its south and the Southern Tang
Kingdom on its west and north. With the rebellion of Yin
from the Min
from 943
to 945
, it briefly gave Wuyue a third border. However, before long, Wuyue would be completely encircled (except for the East China Sea
) as both Yin
and Min
were absorbed by the Southern Tang
.
The population was approximately 550,700 households, with many people living in commercial centers and major seaports.
court declared allegiance to it as they were besieged by Southern Tang
.
Former Administrative Divisions
, Wuyue established official diplomatic relations with Japan
. The kingdom also took advantage of its maritime location to maintain diplomatic contacts with north China
, the Khitans
, and the Korea
n states of Balhae
, Later Baekje, Goryeo
, and Silla
. Buddhism played a large role in the diplomatic relations with Japan and Goryeo. Japanese and Korean monks traveled to Wuyue, while monks from Wuyue went to Japan and Korea as well. The rulers of Wuyue also tried to find sutras that had been lost during the turbulent final years of the Tang. In 947, Qian Zuo sent gifts to Japan and offering to buy any sutras, however none were available. In 961, Qian Chu
sent fifty precious objects and a letter to Goryeo inquiring about the missing sutras, and Gwangjong
sent the monk Jegwan (諦觀) with a complete set of Tiantai
sutras.
, in the face of certain annihilation from northern imperial Chinese troops, the last king of Wuyue, Qian Chu
, pledged allegiance to the Song Dynasty
, saving his people from war and economic destruction. While Qian Chu
nominally remained king, Wuyue was absorbed into the Song Dynasty
, effectively ending the kingdom. The last king died in 988
.
The Wuyue Kingdom cemented the cultural and economic dominance of the Wuyue region in China for centuries to come, as well as creating a lasting regional cultural tradition distinctive from the rest of China. The leaders of the kingdom were noted patrons of Buddhism
, and architecture
, temple
decoration, and religious sculptures related to Buddhism
. The cultural distinctiveness that began developing over this period persists to this day as the Wuyue region speaks a dialect called Wu (the most famous variant of which is Shanghainese
), has distinctive cuisine
and other cultural traits. The Baochu Pagoda
, constructed during the reign of Qian Chu, was one of many temples and pagodas built under the patronage of the Wuyue kings.
, which ensured both a unified Chinese nation
and that the region would not be ravaged by war.
During the early Song Dynasty
, the Qian royal family were treated as second only to the ruling Zhao imperial family, as reflected in the Hundred Family Surnames
. Subsequently, many shrines were erected across the Wuyue region where the kings of Wuyue were memorialised, and sometimes, worshipped as dictating weather and agriculture. Many of these shrines, known as "Shrine of the Qian King" or "Temple to the Qian King", remain today, the most popularly visited example being that near West Lake
in Hangzhou
.
Qian Liu reputedly had more than a hundred sons born to many different wives and concubines. His progeny were posted to various parts of the kingdom. The Qian family remains very widely spread throughout the region. Several branches are considered "prominent families" (望族) in their local areas.
Qian Chu
submitted to the Song Dynasty
in 978 and continued to reign nominally as King of Wuyue until his death in 988.
907
Year 907 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople ....
-978
978
Year 978 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa, Margravine of Tuscany....
, was a small independent coastal kingdom founded during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907
907
Year 907 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople ....
-960
960
Year 960 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. Dunstan becomes Archbishop of Canterbury and Edgar's chief adviser. He reforms monasteries and enforces the rule of Saint Benedict: Poverty, Chastity and Obedience for...
) of Chinese history. It was ruled by the Qian
Qian (surname)
Qian , also spelt Chien, Tsien, or rarely Zee is a prominent Chinese family name. The name literally means "money". Today, it is ranked 92nd in terms of population in mainland China. Despite the rarity of this last name among the Chinese population today, there has been a number of notable Qians in...
family, which remains widespread in the kingdom's former territory.
Founding
Qian (surname)
Qian , also spelt Chien, Tsien, or rarely Zee is a prominent Chinese family name. The name literally means "money". Today, it is ranked 92nd in terms of population in mainland China. Despite the rarity of this last name among the Chinese population today, there has been a number of notable Qians in...
family had been providing military leaders to the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
beginning in 887
887
Year 887 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* The city of Toledo rises against the Umayyad leader....
. Qian Liu
Qian Liu
Qian Liu , courtesy name Jumei , nickname Poliu , formally King Wusu of Wuyue with the temple name of Taizu , was founder and first king of the Kingdom of Wuyue during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, ruling over roughly modern Zhejiang on the east coast of China.- Background :Qian...
was named Prince of Yue
Yue
-Locations:*Zhejiang, abbreviated 越 Yuè, a province of China*Guangdong, abbreviated 粵 Yuè, province of China*Yue in Yue Nan: 越南 -Language:...
in 902
902
Year 902 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* August 1 – Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily, is captured by the Aghlabid army....
, with the title of Prince of Wu
Wu (Ten Kingdoms)
Wu , also referred to as Huainan , Hongnong , Southern Wu , or Yang Wu , was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China which was in existence between the years of 907 and 937. Its capital was Jiangdu Municipality...
added two years later. In 907
907
Year 907 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople ....
, when the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
fell and was replaced in the north by the Later Liang Dynasty
Later Liang Dynasty
The Later Liang was one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China. It was founded by Zhu Wen, posthumously known as Taizu of Later Liang, after he forced the last emperor of the Tang dynasty to abdicate in his favour...
, military leaders in the south formed their own kingdoms. Qian Liu
Qian Liu
Qian Liu , courtesy name Jumei , nickname Poliu , formally King Wusu of Wuyue with the temple name of Taizu , was founder and first king of the Kingdom of Wuyue during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, ruling over roughly modern Zhejiang on the east coast of China.- Background :Qian...
used his position to proclaim himself the King of Wuyue. This signaled the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period which would last until the founding of the Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
in 960
960
Year 960 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. Dunstan becomes Archbishop of Canterbury and Edgar's chief adviser. He reforms monasteries and enforces the rule of Saint Benedict: Poverty, Chastity and Obedience for...
.
Origin of Name
The name Wuyue comes from the combination of Wu KingdomWu (state)
The State of Wu , also known as Gou Wu or Gong Wu , was one of the vassal states during the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period. The State of Wu was located at the mouth of the Yangtze River east of the State of Chu. Considered a semi-barbarian state by ancient Chinese...
and Yue Kingdom, two ancient kingdoms during the Spring and Autumn Period from 770 to 476 BC
476 BC
Year 476 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rutilus and Structus...
.
Territorial extent
With its capital in Xifu, now known as HangzhouHangzhou
Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people...
, the kingdom included present-day Zhejiang
Zhejiang
Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...
, Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, along with the southern portion of Jiangsu Province. It would also later absorb some of the northern part of Fujian
Fujian
' , formerly romanised as Fukien or Huguing or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait...
when the Min
Min (Ten Kingdoms)
Min was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. It existed in a mountainous region of modern day Fujian province of China and had a history of quasi-independent rule. Its capital was Fuzhou 福州. It was founded by Wang Shenzhi .-Founding:Wang Shenzhi’s older...
Kingdom fell in 945
945
Year 945 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Buwayhid Dynasty takes control of Baghdad ....
. The territorial extent of Wuyue roughly corresponded to the territories of the ancient Yue, but not the ancient Wu—which led to charges by the neighboring Wu
Wu (Ten Kingdoms)
Wu , also referred to as Huainan , Hongnong , Southern Wu , or Yang Wu , was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China which was in existence between the years of 907 and 937. Its capital was Jiangdu Municipality...
(also known as Southern Wu) that Wuyue had designs on its territory, and the name was a source of tension for years between the two states.
In the early decades of its existence, Wuyue bordered the Min
Min (Ten Kingdoms)
Min was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. It existed in a mountainous region of modern day Fujian province of China and had a history of quasi-independent rule. Its capital was Fuzhou 福州. It was founded by Wang Shenzhi .-Founding:Wang Shenzhi’s older...
Kingdom on its south and the Southern Tang
Southern Tang
Southern Tang was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China created following the Tang Dynasty from 937-975. Southern Tang replaced the Wu Kingdom when Li Bian deposed the emperor Yang Pu....
Kingdom on its west and north. With the rebellion of Yin
Yin (Ten Kingdoms)
The Yin was a short-lived kingdom during China’s Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period which lasted from 907 to 960 and bridged the time between the fall of the Tang Dynasty and the foundation of the Song Dynasty.-Rebellion from Min:...
from the Min
Min (Ten Kingdoms)
Min was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. It existed in a mountainous region of modern day Fujian province of China and had a history of quasi-independent rule. Its capital was Fuzhou 福州. It was founded by Wang Shenzhi .-Founding:Wang Shenzhi’s older...
from 943
943
Year 943 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.-Africa:* Rebellion of the Zenete Berber tribe of the Banû Ifrân under Abu Yazid against the Fatimid dynasty ....
to 945
945
Year 945 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Buwayhid Dynasty takes control of Baghdad ....
, it briefly gave Wuyue a third border. However, before long, Wuyue would be completely encircled (except for the East China Sea
East China Sea
The East China Sea is a marginal sea east of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of 1,249,000 km² or 750,000 square miles.-Geography:...
) as both Yin
Yin (Ten Kingdoms)
The Yin was a short-lived kingdom during China’s Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period which lasted from 907 to 960 and bridged the time between the fall of the Tang Dynasty and the foundation of the Song Dynasty.-Rebellion from Min:...
and Min
Min (Ten Kingdoms)
Min was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. It existed in a mountainous region of modern day Fujian province of China and had a history of quasi-independent rule. Its capital was Fuzhou 福州. It was founded by Wang Shenzhi .-Founding:Wang Shenzhi’s older...
were absorbed by the Southern Tang
Southern Tang
Southern Tang was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China created following the Tang Dynasty from 937-975. Southern Tang replaced the Wu Kingdom when Li Bian deposed the emperor Yang Pu....
.
The population was approximately 550,700 households, with many people living in commercial centers and major seaports.
Administrative Divisions
Wuyue was not a large kingdom compared to many of its neighbors. Although initially 12 prefectures (州), it later consisted of 13 prefectures and 86 counties or sub-prefectures (縣). Fuzhou was incorporated into Wuyue as its 13th prefecture, after the MinMin (Ten Kingdoms)
Min was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. It existed in a mountainous region of modern day Fujian province of China and had a history of quasi-independent rule. Its capital was Fuzhou 福州. It was founded by Wang Shenzhi .-Founding:Wang Shenzhi’s older...
court declared allegiance to it as they were besieged by Southern Tang
Southern Tang
Southern Tang was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China created following the Tang Dynasty from 937-975. Southern Tang replaced the Wu Kingdom when Li Bian deposed the emperor Yang Pu....
.
| Prefecture | 州 | Counties | 縣 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hangzhou Hangzhou Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people... (main capital) |
杭州 | ||
| Qiantang | 錢塘 | ||
| Qianjiang Qianjiang Qianjiang may refer to:*Qianjiang District , a district of Chongqing Municipality, China*Qianjiang, Hubei , a sub-prefecture-level city of Hubei Province, China... |
錢江 | ||
| Yanguan | 鹽官 | ||
| Yuhang Yuhang Yuhang District is a district of the Zhejiang province, China, under the jurisdiction of Hangzhou. It is located in the suburbs of Hangzhou. Population : 152,429. The primary languages spoken is Wu.... |
餘杭 | ||
| Fuchun | 富春 | ||
| Tonglu Tonglu County Tonglu County is a county of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Hangzhou city.The districts in Tonglu County include a She ethnic township.-External links:*... |
桐廬 | ||
| Yuqian | 於潛 | ||
| Xindeng | 新登 | ||
| Hengshan Hengshan Hengshan may refer to the following locations in mainland China or Taiwan:* Mount Heng * Mount Heng * Hengshan , located in Hsinchu County, Taiwan* Hengshan County, Hunan , of Hengyang, Hunan... |
橫山 | ||
| Wukang | 武康 | ||
| Yuezhou (eastern capital; modern day Shaoxing Shaoxing Shaoxing is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. Located on the south bank of the Qiantang River estuary, it borders Ningbo to the east, Taizhou to the southeast, Jinhua to the southwest, and Hangzhou to the west. It was once known as "越"... ) |
越州 | ||
| Kuaiji Yue (state) Yue was a state in China which existed during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period , in the modern province of Zhejiang. During the Spring and Autumn Period, its capital was in Guiji , near the modern city of Shaoxing... |
會稽 | ||
| Shanyin | 山陰 | ||
| Zhuji Zhuji Zhuji is a city south of Hangzhou —the capital of Zhejiang Province— in the People's Republic of China. It has 2,311 square kilometers with a population of over one million inhabitants.... |
諸暨 | ||
| Yuyao Yuyao Yuyao is a city in Zhejiang province, China, capital of Yuyao County, Ningbo. Administratively Yuyao is under the direct jurisdiction of Ningbo.... |
餘姚 | ||
| Xiaoshan Xiaoshan Xiaoshan District , a district of the city of Hangzhou, located in Zhejiang province in China. Xiaoshan was formerly a city in its own right, across the Qiantang River from the older parts of Hangzhou, but was absorbed in recent years by its much larger neighbor and made into an administrative... |
蕭山 | ||
| Shangyu Shangyu Shangyu is a county-level city which is part of the prefecture-level city of Shaoxing in the Northeast of Zhejiang province of the People's Republic of China. Its 2004 population was over 770,000, up from 722,523 in the 2000 census. Shangyu is roughly fifty kilometers from north to south and about... |
上虞 | ||
| Xinchang Xinchang Xinchang County is a county in central Zhejiang, administratively under the municipal government of Shaoxing.-Controversy:Xie Weixing, Shaoxing City vice-mayor, allegedly accepted bribes in exchange for approving a housing project when he held the post of party secretary of the Xinchang County... |
新昌 | ||
| Zhan Shengzhou Shengzhou is a county-level city in central Zhejiang inland south of the Hangzhou Bay, and is the south-eastern part of the prefecture-level city of Shaoxing... |
瞻縣 | ||
| Huzhou Huzhou Huzhou is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. Lying south of the Lake Tai, it borders Jiaxing to the east, Hangzhou to the south, and the provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu to the west and north respectively.-Administration:... |
湖州 | ||
| Wucheng Wucheng District Wucheng District is a district of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Jinhua city.... |
烏程 | ||
| Deqing | 德清 | ||
| Anji Anji County Anji County is a county in the prefecture-level city of Huzhou in Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, with a population of 450,000. Anji county is well known for its bamboo, containing as it does 60,000 hectares of bamboo groves. It has been designated a pilot county for ecological... |
安吉 | ||
| Changxing Changxing County Changxing County is a county in the prefecture-level city of Huzhou, Zhejiang, China. Situated in the northern part of Zhejiang Province, it is close to the border of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui Province and serves as an important city in transportation.Changxing has since 2004 a Twin City ... |
長興 | ||
| Wenzhou Wenzhou Wenzhou is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. The area under its jurisdiction, which includes two satellite cities and six counties, had a population of 9,122,100 as of 2010.... |
溫州 | ||
| Yongjia Yongjia County Yongjia County is a county in the southeast of Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China, located north of the city proper of Wenzhou, which administers the county. The Nanxi River Scenic Area is located within this county, and the river has been nominated on the tentative list of UNESCO... |
永嘉 | ||
| Rui'an | 瑞安 | ||
| Pingyang Pingyang County Pingyang County is a county in the prefecture-level city of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.In Pingyang, there are two main cities with many surrounding villages. The two main cities are called AoJiang and KunYang... |
平陽 | ||
| Yueqing Yueqing Yueqing , sometimes mis-pronounced and mis-spelled as "Leqing", is a county-level city under the administration of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, in eastern China... |
樂清 | ||
| Taizhou Taizhou, Zhejiang Taizhou is a prefecture-level city in middle eastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China... |
台州 | ||
| Linhai Linhai Linhai is a city in Taizhou prefecture, Zhejiang Province situated on the banks of the Lin River in Eastern China. Its wall attracts many tourists... |
臨海 | ||
| Huangyan Huangyan District Huangyan District is a district of Taizhou, a city in Zhejiang Province, China. Huangyan has an area of 988 km² and a population of approximately 570,000. It has an average annual precipitation of 1676mm and an annual average temperature of 17°C.-History:In 1989, Huangyan County was upgraded... |
黃岩 | ||
| Taixing Taixing Taixing is a county-level city in the municipal region of Taizhou, Jiangsu. It is located in the Yangtze River Delta. It is a newly developed coastal industrial city. The area of Taxing is 1253 square kilometres and the population is 1.29 million.... |
台興 | ||
| Yong'an Yong'an Yong'an is a county-level city in Fujian province, China. It is located on the Sha River, which is a tributary of the Min River.The county is located in west central Sanming, a prefecture level city in Fujian. It is located approximately 289.68 kilometres southwest of Fuzhou, capital of Fujian... |
永安 | ||
| Ninghai | 寧海 | ||
| Mingzhou (modern day Ningbo Ningbo Ningbo is a seaport city of northeastern Zhejiang province, Eastern China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, the municipality has a population of 7,605,700 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 3,089,180 in the built up area made of 6 urban districts. It lies south of the Hangzhou Bay,... and Zhoushan Zhoushan Zhoushan or Zhoushan Archipelago New Area; formerly transliterated as Chusan, is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. The only prefecture-level city of the People's Republic of China consisting solely of islands, it lies across the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay,... ) |
明州 | ||
| Yin County Yinzhou District, Ningbo - History :In 220 BC, Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, established three counties called Yin, Mao and Gouzhang . Later they were merged into Gouzhang county during the Sui Dynasty. It was renamed Mao county during the Tang Dynasty. It had assumed its current name of "Yin" in... |
鄞縣 | ||
| Fenghua Fenghua Fenghua is a county-level city in the north of Zhejiang province, China. It is under the jurisdiction of Ningbo prefecture-level city. The city and its administrative hinterlands has a population of over 480,000.... |
奉化 | ||
| Cixi Cixi City Cixi is a city within the sub-provincial city of Ningbo located in China's Zhejiang province.- History :The city was captured by British forces in the Battle of Tsekee on 15 March 1842 during the First Opium War... |
慈溪 | ||
| Xiangshan | 象山 | ||
| Wanghai Dinghai District Dinghai is a district of Zhoushan City made of 128 islands in Zhejiang province, China. It is based on the larger northwestern half of Zhoushan Island, where it borders Putuo in the east. The district boundary meets that of Daishan County entirely on sea to the north... |
望海 | ||
| Wengshan Zhoushan Zhoushan or Zhoushan Archipelago New Area; formerly transliterated as Chusan, is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. The only prefecture-level city of the People's Republic of China consisting solely of islands, it lies across the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay,... |
翁山 | ||
| Chuzhou Chuzhou Chuzhou is a prefecture-level city in eastern Anhui Province, People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Hefei to the southwest, Huainan to the west, Bengbu to the northwest, Chaohu to the south, and the province of Jiangsu to the east... (roughly modern day Lishui city) |
處州 | ||
| Lishui | 麗水 | ||
| Longquan | 龍泉 | ||
| Suichang | 遂昌 | ||
| Jinyun | 縉雲 | ||
| Qingtian | 青田 | ||
| Bailong | 白龍 | ||
| Quzhou Quzhou Quzhou is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Zhejiang province, China. Sitting on the upper course of the Qiantang River, it borders Hangzhou to the north, Jinhua to the east, Lishui to the southeast, and the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Anhui to the south the south, southwest and... |
衢州 | ||
| Xi'an (not the capital) |
西安 | ||
| Jiangshan Jiangshan Jiangshan is a county-level city located in Quzhou prefecture, Zhejiang Province, China. Located about 250 kilometers southwest of Hangzhou, the provincial capital, it is the only county-level city in the prefecture. As of 1999, Jiangshan's population stood at 563,196. The city is named aptly:... |
江山 | ||
| Longyou | 龍游 | ||
| Changshan Changshan County Changshan County is a county under the jurisdiction of Quzhou city in Zhejiang Province of the People's Republic of China. The district's total area is 1099 square kilometers, and its population is 320,000 people. The district's postal code is 324200... |
常山 | ||
| Wuzhou Wuzhou Wuzhou , historically known as Wuchow, is a prefecture-level city in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.-Geography and climate:Wuzhou is located in eastern Guangxi bordering Guangdong province. It is at the confluence of the Gui River and the Xun River where they form the Xi River; 85% of all... (roughly modern day Jinhua Jinhua Jinhua is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province of Eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast.... city) |
婺州 | ||
| Jinhua Jinhua Jinhua is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province of Eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast.... |
金華 | ||
| Dongyang Dongyang Dongyang is a Chinese city of about 800,000 people in the middle of Zhejiang Province, about 200 kilometers south of Hangzhou. Dongyang lies in the central area of Zhejiang Province, covering an area of 1739 square kilometers... |
東陽 | ||
| Yiwu Yiwu Yiwu is a city of about 1.2 million people in central Zhejiang Province near the central eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. The city is famous for its small commodity trade and vibrant free markets and is a regional tourist destination... |
義烏 | ||
| Lanxi Lanxi, Zhejiang Lanxi is a county-level city in the municipal region of Jinhua, ZJ.The city executive, legislature and judiciary are at Lanjiang Town , together with the CPC and PSB branches... |
蘭溪 | ||
| Yongkang Yongkang, Zhejiang Yongkang is a county-level city located in the central part of Zhejiang Province, China.The county was established in the time of Wu Kingdom during the famous Three Kingdoms Period. The Chinese name means "Forever Well-being". In the last two decades, Yongkang has been well known for both its... |
永康 | ||
| Wuyi | 武義 | ||
| Pujiang Pujiang County, Zhejiang Pujiang County is a county of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Jinhua city.... |
浦江 | ||
| Muzhou (roughly modern northwestern Zhejiang province) |
睦州 | ||
| Jiande Jiande Jiande is a city district of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Hangzhou city.... |
建德 | ||
| Shouchang Shouchang, Zhejiang Shouchang is a town located in the western part of Zhejiang Province, China. It was formerly a separate county, but was merged into Jiande in the 1950s.... |
壽昌 | ||
| Sui'an | 遂安 | ||
| Fenshui | 分水 | ||
| Qingxi | 青溪 | ||
| Xiuzhou (roughly modern Shanghai Shanghai Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010... and its surrounding environs, along with Jiaxing Jiaxing Jiaxing is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. Lying on the Grand Canal of China, Jiaxing borders Hangzhou to the southwest, Huzhou to the west, Shanghai to the northeast, and the province of Jiangsu to the north.... prefecture in Zhejiang province) |
秀州 | ||
| Jiaxing Jiaxing Jiaxing is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. Lying on the Grand Canal of China, Jiaxing borders Hangzhou to the southwest, Huzhou to the west, Shanghai to the northeast, and the province of Jiangsu to the north.... |
嘉興 | ||
| Haiyan Haiyan County, Zhejiang Haiyan County is a county in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province of China.Its area is 503 km2. Population is 370,000. Postal code: 314300.The county government is located on 118 Zaoyuan Middle Rd, Wuyuan town.... |
海鹽 | ||
| Huating Huating Town Huating is a town under the district of Jiading in Shanghai, China. Huating has an estimated population of 24,529 in 2007.-Latest Frontpage News:... |
華亭 | ||
| Chongde Tongxiang Tongxiang City is a county-level city, part of Jiaxing , in northern Zhejiang Province, China. Population : 109,976.The scenic town of Wuzhen is part of Tongxiang.... |
崇德 | ||
| Suzhou Suzhou Suzhou , previously transliterated as Su-chou, Suchow, and Soochow, is a major city located in the southeast of Jiangsu Province in Eastern China, located adjacent to Shanghai Municipality. The city is situated on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Taihu Lake and is a part... |
蘇州 | ||
| Wu County Suzhou Suzhou , previously transliterated as Su-chou, Suchow, and Soochow, is a major city located in the southeast of Jiangsu Province in Eastern China, located adjacent to Shanghai Municipality. The city is situated on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Taihu Lake and is a part... |
吳縣 | ||
| Jinzhou Jinzhou Jinzhou , is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, China. It is a geographically strategic city located in the "Liaoxi Corridor" , which connects land transportation between North China and Northeast China. Jinzhou is China's northernmost seaport and the coastal economic center of West... |
晉洲 | ||
| Kunshan Kunshan Kunshan is a satellite city in the greater Suzhou region. Administratively, it is a county-level city within the prefecture-level city of Suzhou. It is located in southeastearn part of Jiangsu Province, China, adjacent to Jiangsu's border with the Shanghai Municipality.The total area of Kunshan... |
崑山 | ||
| Changshu Changshu Changshu is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Suzhou, and is located in the south-eastern part of eastern-China’s Jiangsu Province as well as the Yangtze River Delta... |
常熟 | ||
| Wujiang | 吳江 | ||
| Fuzhou Fuzhou Fuzhou is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. Along with the many counties of Ningde, those of Fuzhou are considered to constitute the Mindong linguistic and cultural area.... (acquired after the fall of Min Min (Ten Kingdoms) Min was one of the Ten Kingdoms which was in existence between the years of 909 and 945. It existed in a mountainous region of modern day Fujian province of China and had a history of quasi-independent rule. Its capital was Fuzhou 福州. It was founded by Wang Shenzhi .-Founding:Wang Shenzhi’s older... ) |
福州 | ||
| Min County Fuzhou Fuzhou is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. Along with the many counties of Ningde, those of Fuzhou are considered to constitute the Mindong linguistic and cultural area.... |
閩縣 | ||
| Houguan | 侯官 | ||
| Changle Changle ChangLe is a county-level city of suburban Fuzhou located in east Fujian province, People's Republic of China. Administered by Fuzhou city. Changle occupies a land area of 648 square kilometers and a sea area of 1327 square kilometers. Changle was established in the sixth year of Emperor Wu-De ... |
長樂 | ||
| Lianjiang | 連江 | ||
| Changxi | 長溪 | ||
| Fuqing Fuqing Fuqing is a county-level city of Fuzhou in Fujian, China.It is located in the eastern part of the province, borders the East China Sea, just southeast of Fuzhou and 45 kilometers from Changle International Airport of Fuzhou. Fuqing city has geographical advantage, for its location between... |
福清 | ||
| Gutian Gutian County Gutian County , also known as Edible Mushroom County, is a county lying in the southwest of Ningde, Fujian province, China. It is also known as "the town of the former worthy", as Zhuxi, a famous Chinese scholar once lived there... |
古田 | ||
| Yongtai | 永泰 | ||
| Minqing | 閩清 | ||
| Yongzhen | 永貞 | ||
| Ningde Ningde Ningde , also known as Mindong , is a prefecture-level city located along the northeastern coast of Fujian province, China. It borders Fuzhou to the south, Wenzhou City and Zhejiang province to the north, and Nanping City to the west.-Administration:... |
寧德 | ||
| Anguo Yijin Military Prefecture (once called Yijin military prefecture) |
安國衣錦軍 (衣錦軍) |
Lin'an Lin'an City Lin'an City is a county-level city in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China. It is located in northwestern Zhejiang.... |
臨安 |
Former Administrative Divisions
- ChangzhouChangzhouChangzhou is a prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. It was previously known as Yanling, Lanling, Jinling, and Wujin. Located on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, Changzhou borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the west, Zhenjiang to the...
(常州) from 886-891 CE, ceded to Yang XingmiYang XingmiYang Xingmi , né Yang Xingmin , courtesy name Huayuan , formally Prince Wuzhong of Wu , later posthumously honored King Xiaowu of Wu then Emperor Wu of Wu with the temple name of Taizu , was a military governor of... - RunzhouRunzhou DistrictRunzhou is a county-level city administered by Zhenjiang in Jiangsu Province.To the east of Runzhou lies the Grand Canal and Jingkou district with Zhenjiang New District to the souheast. The district has an area of 132.68 sq km. By the end of 2004, the total population was 237,100 people....
(潤州) from 886-891 CE, ceded to Yang XingmiYang XingmiYang Xingmi , né Yang Xingmin , courtesy name Huayuan , formally Prince Wuzhong of Wu , later posthumously honored King Xiaowu of Wu then Emperor Wu of Wu with the temple name of Taizu , was a military governor of...
Reign of Qian Liu
Under Qian Liu's reign, Wuyue prospered economically and freely developed its own regional culture that continues to this day. He developed the coastal kingdom's agriculture, built seawalls, expanded Hangzhou, dredged rivers and lakes, and encouraged sea transport and trade. On his death-bed he urged a benign administration of state affairs and his words were strictly followed by four succeeding kings.Foreign diplomacy
In 935935
Year 935 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.-Africa:* A third attempt to conquer Egypt by the Tunisia-based Shi'ite Fatimid dynasty fails....
, Wuyue established official diplomatic relations with Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. The kingdom also took advantage of its maritime location to maintain diplomatic contacts with north China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, the Khitans
Liao Dynasty
The Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...
, and the Korea
Korea
Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
n states of Balhae
Balhae
Balhae was a Manchurian kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo's capital and southern territories fell to Unified Silla, Dae Jo-yeong, a Mohe general, whose father was Dae Jung-sang, established Jin , later called Balhae.Balhae occupied southern parts of Manchuria and...
, Later Baekje, Goryeo
Goryeo
The Goryeo Dynasty or Koryŏ was a Korean dynasty established in 918 by Emperor Taejo. Korea gets its name from this kingdom which came to be pronounced Korea. It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean peninsula until it was removed by the Joseon dynasty in 1392...
, and Silla
Silla
Silla was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, and one of the longest sustained dynasties in...
. Buddhism played a large role in the diplomatic relations with Japan and Goryeo. Japanese and Korean monks traveled to Wuyue, while monks from Wuyue went to Japan and Korea as well. The rulers of Wuyue also tried to find sutras that had been lost during the turbulent final years of the Tang. In 947, Qian Zuo sent gifts to Japan and offering to buy any sutras, however none were available. In 961, Qian Chu
Qian Chu
Qian Chu , born Qian Hongchu , was the last King of Wuyue , a kingdom in southern-eastern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history...
sent fifty precious objects and a letter to Goryeo inquiring about the missing sutras, and Gwangjong
Gwangjong of Goryeo
Gwangjong was the fourth emperor of Goryeo.Goryeo met the time of change by ascending of Gwangjong. At his early stage as ruler, he maintained a passive attitude to nobles. However, he became more and more drastic. Choi Seung-Ro said that his regime can be divided into three parts. First is the...
sent the monk Jegwan (諦觀) with a complete set of Tiantai
Tiantai
Tiantai is an important school of Buddhism in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. In Japan the school is known as Tendai, and in Korea it is known as Cheontae. Tiantai is also called the "Lotus School", due to its emphasis on the Lotus Sūtra as its doctrinal basis...
sutras.
Fall of the Kingdom
In 978978
Year 978 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa, Margravine of Tuscany....
, in the face of certain annihilation from northern imperial Chinese troops, the last king of Wuyue, Qian Chu
Qian Chu
Qian Chu , born Qian Hongchu , was the last King of Wuyue , a kingdom in southern-eastern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history...
, pledged allegiance to the Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
, saving his people from war and economic destruction. While Qian Chu
Qian Chu
Qian Chu , born Qian Hongchu , was the last King of Wuyue , a kingdom in southern-eastern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history...
nominally remained king, Wuyue was absorbed into the Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
, effectively ending the kingdom. The last king died in 988
988
Year 988 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* The offensive of al-Mansur against the Christian kingdoms continues. He attacks the heart of the kingdom of León...
.
Cultural Legacy
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
, and architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
, temple
Temple
A temple is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and sacrifice, or analogous rites. A templum constituted a sacred precinct as defined by a priest, or augur. It has the same root as the word "template," a plan in preparation of the building that was marked out...
decoration, and religious sculptures related to Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
. The cultural distinctiveness that began developing over this period persists to this day as the Wuyue region speaks a dialect called Wu (the most famous variant of which is Shanghainese
Shanghainese
Shanghainese , or the Shanghai language , is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in the city of Shanghai and the surrounding region. It is classified as part of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Shanghainese, like other Wu dialects, is largely not mutually intelligible with other Chinese varieties...
), has distinctive cuisine
Shanghai cuisine
Shanghai cuisine , also known as Hu cai is a popular style of Chinese cuisine. The city of Shanghai itself does not have a separate and unique cuisine of its own, but modifies those of the surrounding provinces, is Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal provinces. What can be called Shanghai cuisine is...
and other cultural traits. The Baochu Pagoda
Baochu Pagoda
Baochu Pagoda is a pagoda in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China. Known as one of the landmarks of the West Lake, it is located just north of the lake on top of Precious Stone Hill...
, constructed during the reign of Qian Chu, was one of many temples and pagodas built under the patronage of the Wuyue kings.
Infrastructure
The physical legacy of the Wuyue Kingdom was the creation of the system of canals and dikes which allowed the region to become the most agriculturally rich region of China for many centuries. As a result, shrines to Qian Liu sprang up all across the region, and many can still be found today.Personal legacy
Qian Liu was often known as the "Dragon King" or the "Sea Dragon King" because of his extensive hydro-engineering schemes which "tamed" the seas. The kings of Wuyue continue to enjoy positive treatment in orthodox history. They were popularly revered because of the hydro-engineering works, ensuring the economic prosperity of the region, and for finally surrendering to the Song DynastySong Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
, which ensured both a unified Chinese nation
Chinese reunification
Chinese reunification refers to the bringing together of all of the territories controlled by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China under a single political entity...
and that the region would not be ravaged by war.
During the early Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
, the Qian royal family were treated as second only to the ruling Zhao imperial family, as reflected in the Hundred Family Surnames
Hundred Family Surnames
The Hundred Family Surnames is a classic Chinese text composed of common surnames in ancient China. The book was composed in the early Song Dynasty. It originally contained 411 surnames, but was later expanded to 504. Of these, 444 are single-character surnames, and 60 are double-character surnames...
. Subsequently, many shrines were erected across the Wuyue region where the kings of Wuyue were memorialised, and sometimes, worshipped as dictating weather and agriculture. Many of these shrines, known as "Shrine of the Qian King" or "Temple to the Qian King", remain today, the most popularly visited example being that near West Lake
West Lake
Xī Hú is a famous fresh water lake located in the historic center of Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province in eastern China. The lake is divided by the causeways of Sū Tí , Bái Tí , and Yánggōng Tí...
in Hangzhou
Hangzhou
Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people...
.
Qian Liu reputedly had more than a hundred sons born to many different wives and concubines. His progeny were posted to various parts of the kingdom. The Qian family remains very widely spread throughout the region. Several branches are considered "prominent families" (望族) in their local areas.
Rulers
| Temple Name Temple name Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean , and Vietnamese royalty. They should not be confused with era names. Compared to posthumous names, the use of temple names is more exclusive... s | | Posthumous Name Posthumous name A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others, in East Asia after the person's death, and is used almost exclusively instead of one's personal name or other official titles during his life... s | | Personal Names | | Period of Reigns | | Era Name Chinese era name A Chinese era name is the regnal year, reign period, or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Chinese rulers . Some emperors have several era names, one after another, where each beginning of a new era resets the numbering of the year back... s and respective range of years |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | Pinyin | Shanghainese | Chinese | Pinyin | Shanghainese | Chinese | Pinyin | Shanghainese | ||
| 太祖 | Tài Zǔ | Tha Tsu | 武肅王 | Wǔ Sù Wáng | Vu Soh Waon | 錢鏐 | Qián Liú | Zi Leu | 907 907 Year 907 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople .... -932 932 Year 932 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* After an initial defeat, Mardavij took Tabaristan and Gurgan. Makan, whose attempts to recover his territories failed, entered the service of the Samanids.- Europe :* St... |
Tianyou (天祐)：907 907 Year 907 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople .... Tianbao (天寶)：908 908 Year 908 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Battle of Belach Mugna is fought.* Zhu Wen kills the last Tang Dynasty emperor.- Deaths :* Al-Muktafi, Abbasid caliph... -912 912 Year 912 was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.-Africa:* Second rebellion of the Kutama tribesmen against the Fatimid Caliphate in two years.- Europe :... Fengli (鳳歷)：913 913 Year 913 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Africa :* The Shiite Fatimid state in modern day Tunisia launches a failed military campaign against Egypt.- Religion :... Qianhua (乾化)：913 913 Year 913 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Africa :* The Shiite Fatimid state in modern day Tunisia launches a failed military campaign against Egypt.- Religion :... -915 915 Year 915 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Battle of Garigliano: The Christian League defeats the Saracens.* Berengar I of Italy is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.... Zhenming (貞明)：915 915 Year 915 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Battle of Garigliano: The Christian League defeats the Saracens.* Berengar I of Italy is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.... -921 921 Year 921 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.-Africa:* Crushing defeat of the Idrisid dynasty against their Fatimid rivals... Longde (龍德)：921 921 Year 921 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.-Africa:* Crushing defeat of the Idrisid dynasty against their Fatimid rivals... -923 923 Year 923 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* June 15 – Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed, and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.- Americas :* Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl becomes... Baoda (寶大)：924 924 Year 924 was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Emperor Taizu of Liao leads another campaign to the west, reaching the former Uyghur capital on the Orkhon River... -925 925 Year 925 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Alfonso IV the Monk becomes king of Leon.... Baozheng (寶正)：926 926 Year 926 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Balhae is conquered by the Khitan.... -931 931 Year 931 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Mardavij captured and killed Asfar and in rapid succession conquered Hamadan, Dinavar and Isfahan from the governors of the caliph... |
| 世宗 | Shì Zōng | Sy Tson | 文穆王 | Wén Mù Wáng | Ven Moh Waon | 錢元瓘 (錢傳瓘) |
Qián Yuánguàn (Qián Chuánguàn) |
Zi Nyoe Cioe (Zi Zoe Cioe) |
932 932 Year 932 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* After an initial defeat, Mardavij took Tabaristan and Gurgan. Makan, whose attempts to recover his territories failed, entered the service of the Samanids.- Europe :* St... -941 941 Year 941 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Births :* Charles d'Outremer, son of Louis IV of France* Brian Bórumha mac Cennétig, High-King of Ireland... |
Changxing (長興)：932 932 Year 932 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* After an initial defeat, Mardavij took Tabaristan and Gurgan. Makan, whose attempts to recover his territories failed, entered the service of the Samanids.- Europe :* St... -933 933 Year 933 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.-Africa:* Failed attempt by the Fatimid dynasty to seize the Maghreb al-Aqsa from the local rulers allied to the Spain-based Umayyad Caliphate.- Europe :* Cotentin and Jersey are seized by William Longsword, Duke of Normandy.*... Yingshun (應順)：934 934 Year 934 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Ziyarid army occupies Ahvaz.* The Goryeo army defeats Hubaekje forces in present-day Hongseong County.- Europe :... Qingtai (清泰)：934 934 Year 934 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Ziyarid army occupies Ahvaz.* The Goryeo army defeats Hubaekje forces in present-day Hongseong County.- Europe :... -936 936 Year 936 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* King Taejo of Goryeo defeats Hubaekje.... Tianfu (天福)：936 936 Year 936 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* King Taejo of Goryeo defeats Hubaekje.... -941 941 Year 941 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Births :* Charles d'Outremer, son of Louis IV of France* Brian Bórumha mac Cennétig, High-King of Ireland... |
| 成宗 | Chéng Zōng | Zen Tson | 忠獻王 | Zhōng Xiàn Wáng | Tson Shie Waon | 錢佐 (錢弘佐) |
Qián Zuǒ (Qián Hóng Zuǒ) |
Zi Tsu (Zi Ghon Tsu) |
941 941 Year 941 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Births :* Charles d'Outremer, son of Louis IV of France* Brian Bórumha mac Cennétig, High-King of Ireland... -947 947 Year 947 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty in China.... |
Tianfu (天福)：941 941 Year 941 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Births :* Charles d'Outremer, son of Louis IV of France* Brian Bórumha mac Cennétig, High-King of Ireland... -944 944 Year 944 was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.- Africa :* The city of Algiers is founded by the Zirid king Buluggin ibn Ziri.... Kaiyun (開運)：944 944 Year 944 was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.- Africa :* The city of Algiers is founded by the Zirid king Buluggin ibn Ziri.... -946 946 Year 946 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Religion :* May 10 – Pope Agapitus II succeeds Pope Marinus II as the 129th pope.- Deaths :... |
| Did not exist | N/A | N/A | 忠遜王 | Zhōng Xùn Wáng | Tson Sen Waon | 錢倧 (錢弘倧) |
Qián Zōng (Qián Hóng Zōng) |
Zi Tson (Zi Ghon Tson) |
947 947 Year 947 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty in China.... |
Tianfu (天福)：947 947 Year 947 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty in China.... |
| Did not exist | N/A | N/A | 忠懿王 | Zhōng Yì Wáng | Tson I Waon | 錢俶 (錢弘俶) |
Qián Chù (Qián Hóng Chù) |
Zi Tsoh (Zi Ghon Tsoh) |
947 947 Year 947 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* The Later Jin Dynasty falls to the Later Han Dynasty in China.... -978 978 Year 978 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa, Margravine of Tuscany.... |
Qianyou (乾祐)：948 948 Year 948 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Africa :* The Nri Kingdom in what is now Southeastern Nigeria is started by Eri.- Asia :... -950 950 Year 950 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Duke Boleslav I of Bohemia makes peace with Otto I.... Guangshun (廣順)：951 951 Year 951 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* The king of Italy dies and his widow, Adelaide of Italy, is overthrown by an usurper, Berengar of Ivrea.- Asia :... -953 953 Year 953 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Liudolf, Duke of Swabia and Conrad the Red rebel against German King Otto I.... Xiande (顯德)：954 954 Year 954 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* King Máel Coluim I of Scotland is killed in battle against the Highlanders... -960 960 Year 960 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. Dunstan becomes Archbishop of Canterbury and Edgar's chief adviser. He reforms monasteries and enforces the rule of Saint Benedict: Poverty, Chastity and Obedience for... Jianlong (建隆)：960 960 Year 960 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. Dunstan becomes Archbishop of Canterbury and Edgar's chief adviser. He reforms monasteries and enforces the rule of Saint Benedict: Poverty, Chastity and Obedience for... -963 963 Year 963 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Turkish Khan Sebük Tigin establishes his empire in modern day Afghanistan.... Qiande (乾德)：963 963 Year 963 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Turkish Khan Sebük Tigin establishes his empire in modern day Afghanistan.... -968 968 Year 968 was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* The Battle near Silistra occurs in the spring near the Bulgarian town of Silistra, but most probably on the modern territory of Romania.- Religion :* The Archbishopric of Magdeburg is founded.* The first Polish... Kaibao (開寶)：968 968 Year 968 was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* The Battle near Silistra occurs in the spring near the Bulgarian town of Silistra, but most probably on the modern territory of Romania.- Religion :* The Archbishopric of Magdeburg is founded.* The first Polish... -976 976 Year 976 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Byzantine Empire :* January 10 – Basil II becomes Eastern Roman Emperor .- Europe :... Taiping Xingguo (太平興國)：976 976 Year 976 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Byzantine Empire :* January 10 – Basil II becomes Eastern Roman Emperor .- Europe :... -978 978 Year 978 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Florence, Italy, is founded by Willa, Margravine of Tuscany.... |
Qian Chu
Qian Chu
Qian Chu , born Qian Hongchu , was the last King of Wuyue , a kingdom in southern-eastern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history...
submitted to the Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
in 978 and continued to reign nominally as King of Wuyue until his death in 988.
Sources
- Chavannes, Edouard. "Le royaume de Wou et de Yue", T'oung Pao 17: 129-264 (1916).