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Worldwide Governance Indicators
 
 
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Based on a long-standing research program of the World Bank
World Bank

The World Bank is a bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty....
, the Kaufmann
Daniel Kaufmann

Daniel Kaufmann is Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution and was previously Director at the World Bank Institute, leading the work on Governance and Anti-Corruption....
-Kraay-Mastruzzi Worldwide Governance Indicators capture six key dimensions of governance
Governance

Governance relates to decisions that define expectations, grant power , or verify performance . It consists either of a separate process or of a specific part of management or leadership processes....
 (Voice & Accountability, Political Stability and Lack of Violence, Government
Government

Government is the body within any organization that has the authority to make and the power to enforce laws, regulations, or rules. Typically, the government refers to a civil government -- local, provincial, or national -- but commercial, academic, religious, or other formal organizations are also administered by governing bodies....
 Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law
Rule of law

The rule of law is a legal concept which includes a number of interrelated principles. First, protecting the rule of law ensures that no one is above the law....
, and Control of Corruption
Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption....
) between 1996 and present. Sometimes referred to as the "KK", "KKZ" or "KKM" indicator
Indicator

Indicator may mean:* Indicator , a genus of birds in the honeyguide family* In chemistry:** pH indicator, a chemical detector for protons in acid-base titrations...
s, they measure the quality of governance in over 200 countries
Country

Country may refer to the territory of a state, or to a smaller, or former, political division of a geographical region. In another meaning of the word, the country is also a term used to refer to rural areas....
, based on close to 40 data sources produced by over 30 different organizations worldwide and are updated on an annual basis since 2002.

The governance indicators contribute to the growing empirical research of governance which have provided activists
Activism

Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about social change or politics change. This action is in support of, or opposition to, one side of an often controversy argument....
 and reformers
Reform movement

A reform movement is a kind of social movement that aims to make gradual change, or change in certain aspects of society rather than rapid or fundamental changes....
 worldwide with advocacy
Advocacy

Advocacy is the pursuit of influencing outcomes — including public-policy and resource allocation decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions — that directly affect people?s current lives....
 tools for policy reform and monitoring.






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Based on a long-standing research program of the World Bank
World Bank

The World Bank is a bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty....
, the Kaufmann
Daniel Kaufmann

Daniel Kaufmann is Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution and was previously Director at the World Bank Institute, leading the work on Governance and Anti-Corruption....
-Kraay-Mastruzzi Worldwide Governance Indicators capture six key dimensions of governance
Governance

Governance relates to decisions that define expectations, grant power , or verify performance . It consists either of a separate process or of a specific part of management or leadership processes....
 (Voice & Accountability, Political Stability and Lack of Violence, Government
Government

Government is the body within any organization that has the authority to make and the power to enforce laws, regulations, or rules. Typically, the government refers to a civil government -- local, provincial, or national -- but commercial, academic, religious, or other formal organizations are also administered by governing bodies....
 Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law
Rule of law

The rule of law is a legal concept which includes a number of interrelated principles. First, protecting the rule of law ensures that no one is above the law....
, and Control of Corruption
Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption....
) between 1996 and present. Sometimes referred to as the "KK", "KKZ" or "KKM" indicator
Indicator

Indicator may mean:* Indicator , a genus of birds in the honeyguide family* In chemistry:** pH indicator, a chemical detector for protons in acid-base titrations...
s, they measure the quality of governance in over 200 countries
Country

Country may refer to the territory of a state, or to a smaller, or former, political division of a geographical region. In another meaning of the word, the country is also a term used to refer to rural areas....
, based on close to 40 data sources produced by over 30 different organizations worldwide and are updated on an annual basis since 2002.

The governance indicators contribute to the growing empirical research of governance which have provided activists
Activism

Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about social change or politics change. This action is in support of, or opposition to, one side of an often controversy argument....
 and reformers
Reform movement

A reform movement is a kind of social movement that aims to make gradual change, or change in certain aspects of society rather than rapid or fundamental changes....
 worldwide with advocacy
Advocacy

Advocacy is the pursuit of influencing outcomes — including public-policy and resource allocation decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions — that directly affect people?s current lives....
 tools for policy reform and monitoring. The indicators, and the underlying data behind them, are part of the current research and opinions that have reinforced the experiences and observations of reform-minded individuals in government, civil society
Civil society

Civil society is composed of the totality of voluntary civic and social organizations and institutions that form the basis of a functioning society as opposed to the force-backed structures of a state and commercial institutions of the market....
, and the private sector, that good governance
Good governance

The terms governance and good governance are increasingly being used in international development literature.Governance describes the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented ....
 is key for development
International development

International development is a concept that lacks a universally accepted definition, but it is most used in a holistic and multi-disciplinary context of human development - the development of livelihoods and greater quality of life for humans....
. Their growing recognition of the link between good governance and successful development, as empirical evidence suggests, has stimulated demand for monitoring the quality of governance across countries and within individual countries over time. Virtually all of the individual data sources underlying the aggregate indicators are, along with the aggregate indicators themselves, publicly available.

The Worldwide Governance Indicators are a compilation of the perceptions of a very diverse group of respondents, collected in large number of surveys and other cross-country assessment
Assessment

Educational assessment is the process of documenting, usually in measurable terms, knowledge, skills, attitudes and beliefs. Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community , the institution, or the educational system as a whole....
s of governance. Some of these instruments capture the views of firms, individuals, and public officials in the countries being assessed. Others reflect the views of NGOs and aid donors with considerable experience in the countries being assessed, while others are based on the assessments of commercial risk-rating agencies.

A complementary vision of the macro-level Worldwide Governance Indicators are the World Bank Governance Surveys
World Bank Governance Surveys

The World Bank Governance Surveys are diagnostic tools used to assist World Bank partner governments in measuring and mapping governance challenges within the public sector structure....
, which are country level governance assessment tools developed by the World Bank Institute
World Bank Institute

The World Bank Institute is the capacity development branch of the World Bank. It provides learning programs, policy advice and technical assistance to policy makers, government and non-government agencies and development practitioners of developing countries....
.

Countries with governance indicators


The countries presented in the table have a Country Data Report with the summary of the six aggregate governance indicators trends over the last decade, together with all of the publicly-available disaggregated data on which the aggregate indicators are based. Additional information is available at .

External links

  • provides transparent source data and references used in the Worldwide Governance Indicators
  • :Worldwide ratings of country performances on six governance dimensions from 1996 to present
  • .