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World Rowing Championships



 
 
The World Rowing Championships is an international
International

International or internationally most often describes interaction between nations, or encompassing two or more nations, constituting a group or association having members in two or more nations, or generally reaching beyond national boundaries....
 rowing regatta
Regatta

A regatta is a term used to describe either a boat race, or series of boat races. Although the term typically describes racing events of unpowered water craft, some powerboat race series are also called regattas....
 organized by FISA
International Rowing Federation

The F?d?ration Internationale des Soci?t?s d'Aviron, or FISA for short, is the International Rowing Federation which is the Sport governing body for international Rowing ....
 (the International Rowing Federation). It is a week long event held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer and in non-Olympic
Olympic Games

The Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event established for both summer and winter sports. There have been two generations of the Olympic Games; the first were the Ancient Olympic Games held at Olympia, Greece, Greece....
 years is the highlight of the international rowing calendar.

The first event was held in Lucerne
Lucerne

Lucerne is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and seat of the Lucerne with the same name. With a population of 57,890, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland and focal point of the region....
, Switzerland
Switzerland

Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....
 in 1962. The event then was held every 4 years until 1974 — when it became an annual competition.






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The World Rowing Championships is an international
International

International or internationally most often describes interaction between nations, or encompassing two or more nations, constituting a group or association having members in two or more nations, or generally reaching beyond national boundaries....
 rowing regatta
Regatta

A regatta is a term used to describe either a boat race, or series of boat races. Although the term typically describes racing events of unpowered water craft, some powerboat race series are also called regattas....
 organized by FISA
International Rowing Federation

The F?d?ration Internationale des Soci?t?s d'Aviron, or FISA for short, is the International Rowing Federation which is the Sport governing body for international Rowing ....
 (the International Rowing Federation). It is a week long event held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer and in non-Olympic
Olympic Games

The Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event established for both summer and winter sports. There have been two generations of the Olympic Games; the first were the Ancient Olympic Games held at Olympia, Greece, Greece....
 years is the highlight of the international rowing calendar.

The first event was held in Lucerne
Lucerne

Lucerne is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and seat of the Lucerne with the same name. With a population of 57,890, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland and focal point of the region....
, Switzerland
Switzerland

Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....
 in 1962. The event then was held every 4 years until 1974 — when it became an annual competition. Also in 1974, Men's lightweight and Women's open weight events were added to the championships. In 1985, Women's lightweight events were added to the schedule.

Since 1996, during Olympic years, the Junior World Rowing Championships
Junior World Rowing Championships

The World Rowing Junior Championships is an international rowing regatta organized by International Rowing Federation . It is open to rowers who are 18 or younger by the end of the current calendar year....
 are held at the same time.

In 2002, adaptive rowing events were introduced for the following classes of disability
Disability

Disability is a lack of ability relative to a personal or group standard or norm. In reality there is often simply a spectrum of ability. Disability may involve physical impairment such as sense impairment, cognitive impairment or intellectual impairment, mental disorder , or various types of chronic disease....
: LTA (legs, trunk and arms), TA (trunk, arms), and A (arms-only).

Boats


Rowing takes place in 23 different boat classes, apart from during Olympic years when only non-Olympic boat classes race. National teams generally take less interest in the non-Olympic events, as the Olympic events are considered the "premier" events.

The table below shows the boat classes, "O" indicates the boat races at both the Olympics and World Championships. "WC" indicates this is only a World Championship event. After 2007, the coxed fours (4+) will no longer run as a world championship event.
BoatMenLwt MenWomenLwt Women
1xSingle scullsOWCOWC
2xDouble scullsOOOO
2-Coxless pairsOWCO 
2+Coxed pairsWC   
4xQuad scullsOWCOWC
4-Coxless foursOOWC 
4+Coxed foursWC   
8+EightsOWCO 


Venues


Year City Country Date
1962 Lucerne
Lucerne

Lucerne is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and seat of the Lucerne with the same name. With a population of 57,890, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland and focal point of the region....

Rotsee
Rotsee

The Rotsee is a natural Sport rowing lake on the northern edge of Lucerne, Switzerland. It is 2,400 m long with virtually no current and protected from winds by nearby hills making it an ideal rowing venue....
 
1966 Bled
Bled

Bled is a municipality in northwestern Slovenia in the region of Upper Carniola. The area within the Julian Alps is a popular Resort town....

Lake Bled
Lake Bled

Lake Bled is a glacial lake in the Julian Alps in northwestern Slovenia, where it adjoins the town of Bled. The area is a popular Tourism destination....
 
1970 St. Catharines
Martindale Pond
 
1974 Lucerne
Lucerne

Lucerne is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and seat of the Lucerne with the same name. With a population of 57,890, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland and focal point of the region....

Rotsee
Rotsee

The Rotsee is a natural Sport rowing lake on the northern edge of Lucerne, Switzerland. It is 2,400 m long with virtually no current and protected from winds by nearby hills making it an ideal rowing venue....
 
1975 Nottingham
Nottingham

Nottingham is one of the three major city status in the United Kingdom in the East Midlands and is in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England....
 
Holme Pierrepont
Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre

The National Watersports Centre, Holme Pierrepont is located in the hamlet of Holme Pierrepont near Nottingham, England and on the River Trent....
 
1977 Amsterdam
Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the Capital of the Netherlands and List of cities in the Netherlands with over 100,000 people of the Netherlands, located in the Provinces of the Netherlands of North Holland in the west of the country....
 
Bosbaan
Bosbaan

Bosbaan is a sport rowing lake situated in the Amsterdamse Bos in Amstelveen, The Netherlands. Amstelveen is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands and is part of the metropolitan area of Amsterdam....
 
1978 Hamilton
Hamilton, New Zealand

Hamilton is the centre of New Zealand's fourth largest urban area, and Hamilton City is the country's seventh largest territorial authorities of New Zealand....
 
Lake Karapiro
Lake Karapiro

Lake Karapiro is an artificial lake formed as part of a hydroelectricity scheme on the Waikato River in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located 35 kilometres southeast of Hamilton, New Zealand, close to the town of Cambridge, New Zealand....
 
 
1979 Bled
Bled

Bled is a municipality in northwestern Slovenia in the region of Upper Carniola. The area within the Julian Alps is a popular Resort town....

Lake Bled
Lake Bled

Lake Bled is a glacial lake in the Julian Alps in northwestern Slovenia, where it adjoins the town of Bled. The area is a popular Tourism destination....
 
1980 Hazewinkel
Hazewinkel

The Hazewinkel is a Bloso 2,000 m Sport rowing and regatta course in Heindonk, belonging to the municipality of Willebroek, near Mechelen, Belgium....
 
 
1981 Munich
Munich

Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....

Oberschleißheim
Oberschleißheim

Oberschlei?heim is a Municipalities of Germany in the Munich , in Bavaria, Germany. It is located 13 km north of Munich . As of 2005 it had a population of 11,467....
 
1982 Lucerne
Lucerne

Lucerne is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and seat of the Lucerne with the same name. With a population of 57,890, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland and focal point of the region....

Rotsee
Rotsee

The Rotsee is a natural Sport rowing lake on the northern edge of Lucerne, Switzerland. It is 2,400 m long with virtually no current and protected from winds by nearby hills making it an ideal rowing venue....
 
1983 Duisburg
Duisburg

Duisburg is a Germany city in the western part of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an independent metropolitan borough within D?sseldorf ....
 
 
1984 Montreal
Montreal

Montreal, or Montr?al, is the largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada of Quebec and the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population....

Île Notre-Dame
Île Notre-Dame

?le Notre-Dame is an artificial island built in 10 months from 15 million tons of rock excavated for the Montreal Metro in 1965. It was created for Expo 67 to celebrate Canada's centennial....
 
1985 Hazewinkel
Hazewinkel

The Hazewinkel is a Bloso 2,000 m Sport rowing and regatta course in Heindonk, belonging to the municipality of Willebroek, near Mechelen, Belgium....
 
 
1986 Nottingham
Nottingham

Nottingham is one of the three major city status in the United Kingdom in the East Midlands and is in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England....
 
Holme Pierrepont
Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre

The National Watersports Centre, Holme Pierrepont is located in the hamlet of Holme Pierrepont near Nottingham, England and on the River Trent....
 
1987 Copenhagen
Copenhagen

Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban area with a population of 1,153,615 . Copenhagen is situated on the Islands of Zealand and Amager....
 
 
1988 Milan
Milan

Milan is the second largest city of Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. It is the capital in the Province of Milan, as well as the Regions of Italy capital of Lombardy....
 
 
1989 Bled
Bled

Bled is a municipality in northwestern Slovenia in the region of Upper Carniola. The area within the Julian Alps is a popular Resort town....

Lake Bled
Lake Bled

Lake Bled is a glacial lake in the Julian Alps in northwestern Slovenia, where it adjoins the town of Bled. The area is a popular Tourism destination....
 
1990
1990 World Rowing Championships

The 13th World Rowing Championships were held between October 31 and November 4, 1990 in Tasmania, Australia....
 
Tasmania
Tasmania

Tasmania is an Australian island and States and territories of Australia of the same name. It is located south of the eastern side of the continent, being separated from it by Bass Strait....
 
Lake Barrington
Lake Barrington (Tasmania)

Lake Barrington is a lake in Tasmania, Australia. It was built to provide a head of water for Hydroelectricity. It is protected by the state government as a Protected areas of Tasmania#Nature recreation areas....
 
(24 October - 4 November)
1991
1991 World Rowing Championships

The 14th World Rowing Championships were held between August 21 and August 24, 1991 in Vienna, Austria....
 
Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
 
(24-25 August)
1992 Montreal
Montreal

Montreal, or Montr?al, is the largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada of Quebec and the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population....

Île Notre-Dame
Île Notre-Dame

?le Notre-Dame is an artificial island built in 10 months from 15 million tons of rock excavated for the Montreal Metro in 1965. It was created for Expo 67 to celebrate Canada's centennial....
 
1993 Racice
Racice

Racice is a village in ?st? nad Labem Region, Czech Republic. It is located 8 km northeast of Roudnice nad Labem or 41 km north of Prague and has a population of 308....

Roudnice
Roudnice nad Labem

Roudnice nad Labem is a small town on the river Labe. It has about 13 500 inhabitants on its 16,67 km?. The town is situated near the famous hill R?p, which is well known for its rich history connected with Praotec Cech....
(8-9 May)
1994 Indianapolis
Eagle Creek Park
Eagle Creek Park

Eagle Creek Park is the largest List of parks in Indianapolis, Indiana, and one of the largest municipal park in the United States. It is located at 7840 W....
(17-18 September)
1995 Tampere
Tampere

Tampere is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes, N?sij?rvi and Pyh?j?rvi . Since the two lakes differ in level by , the rapids linking them, Tammerkoski, have been an important power source throughout history, most recently for generating electricity....

Kaukajaervi
(25-27 August)
1996 Motherwell
Strathclyde Country Park
(5-11 August)
1997 Aiguebelette
Lac d'Aiguebelette

Lac d'Aiguebelette is a natural lake in the Savoie department of France. With a surface area of 5.45 km?, it is one of the largest natural lakes of France....
 
(31 August - 7 September)
1998 Cologne
Cologne

Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants....

Fuehlingen
September 6 – September 13
1999
1999 World Rowing Championships

The 22th World Rowing Championships were held between August 22 and August 29, 1999 in St. Catharines, Canada....
 
St. Catharines
Martindale Pond
August 22 – August 29
2000 Zagreb
Zagreb

Zagreb is the Capital and the largest city of Croatia. Zagreb is the Culture of Croatia, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Cinema of Croatia, Economy of Croatia and Government of Croatia center of the Croatia....

Jarun
Jarun

Jarun is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of Zagreb, Croatia. It was named after the Jarun Lake formed by the Sava River, now located on the southern edge of the neighborhood....
August 1 – August 6
2001
2001 World Rowing Championships

The 24th World Rowing Championships were held between August 19 and August 26, 2001 in Lucerne, Switzerland....
 
Lucerne
Lucerne

Lucerne is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne and seat of the Lucerne with the same name. With a population of 57,890, Lucerne is the most populous city in Central Switzerland and focal point of the region....

Rotsee
Rotsee

The Rotsee is a natural Sport rowing lake on the northern edge of Lucerne, Switzerland. It is 2,400 m long with virtually no current and protected from winds by nearby hills making it an ideal rowing venue....
August 19 – August 26
2002
2002 World Rowing Championships

The 25th World Rowing Championships were held between September 15 and September 22, 2002 in Seville, Spain....
 
Seville
Seville

||-||}Seville is the artistic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of Andalusia and of the province of Seville ....

Guadalquivir
Guadalquivir

The Guadalquivir is the fifth longest river in Spain , and the longest in Andalusia. The Guadalquivir is 657 kilometers long and drains an area of about 58,000 square kilometers....
September 15 – September 22
2003
2003 World Rowing Championships

The 26th World Rowing Championships were held in Milan, Italy. The international rowing season usually ends with the World Championship regatta....
 
Milan
Milan

Milan is the second largest city of Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. It is the capital in the Province of Milan, as well as the Regions of Italy capital of Lombardy....

Idroscalo
Idroscalo

Idroscalo of Milan, originally conceived as a port for hydroplanes, was realized by the end of year 20's. Following the decline of hydroplanes, however, it soon changed into a center for recreational and sportive activities....
August 24 – August 31
2004 Banyoles
Banyoles

Banyoles is a city of 17,309 inhabitants located in the province of Girona in northeastern Catalonia, Spain.The town is the capital of the Catalan Comarques of Catalonia "Pla de l'Estany"....

Lake of Banyoles
Lake of Banyoles

Lake Banyoles is a natural lake located in the Comarques of Catalonia "Pla de l'Estany", in northeastern Catalonia, Spain. It is named after the nearby town of Banyoles....
July 27 – August 1
2005 Kaizu
Kaizu, Gifu

is a cities of Japan located in the southwest portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan....
, Gifu
Gifu Prefecture

is a Prefectures of Japan located in the Chubu region list of regions in Japan of central Japan. Its capital is the city of Gifu, Gifu. Located in the center of Japan, it has long played an important part as the crossroads of Japan, connecting the east to the west through such routes as the Nakasendo....

Nagaragawa International Regatta Course
Nagaragawa International Regatta Course

The 28th World Rowing Championships were held at the Nagaragawa International Regatta Course in Kaizu, Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, between August 28 and September 4, 2005....
 
August 29 – September 4
2006 Dorney
Dorney

Dorney is a village and civil parish within South Bucks district in the England county of Buckinghamshire, near Slough and about two and a half miles west of Eton, Berkshire....
 
Dorney Lake
Dorney Lake

Dorney Lake is a purpose built sport rowing lake in the United Kingdom. It is located at British national grid reference system in the small village of Dorney, Buckinghamshire and near the towns of Windsor, Berkshire and Eton, Berkshire, both in Berkshire, close to the River Thames....
August 20 – August 27
2007
2007 World Rowing Championships

The 30th World Rowing Championships was held between August 26 and September 2, 2007 in Munich, Germany....
 
Munich
Munich

Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....

Oberschleißheim
Oberschleißheim

Oberschlei?heim is a Municipalities of Germany in the Munich , in Bavaria, Germany. It is located 13 km north of Munich . As of 2005 it had a population of 11,467....
August 26 – September 2
2008
2008 World Rowing Championships

The 31st World Rowing Championships were held between July 22 and July 27, 2008 in conjunction with the Junior World Rowing Championships in Linz/Ottensheim, Austria....
 
Ottensheim
Ottensheim

Ottensheim is a municipality in the district of Urfahr-Umgebung in Upper Austria, Austria. In July 2008 it hosted the World Rowing Championships....
 
July 20 – July 27
2009
2009 World Rowing Championships

File:Logo CM aviron 2009.gifThe 2009 World Rowing Championships regatta will be held at Lake Malta, Poznan, Poland between August 23 – August 30....
 
Poznan
Poznan

Poznan is a city in west-central Poland with over 567,882 inhabitants . Located on the Warta River, it is one of the oldest cities in Poland, making it an important historical centre and a vibrant centre of trade, industry, and education....

Lake Malta
Lake Malta

Lake Malta is an artificial lake in Poznan, Poland. It was formed in 1952 as a result of the damming of the Cybina River. It is about 2.2 km long, which makes the lake the biggest man-made lake of the city....
August 23 – August 30
2010
2010 World Rowing Championships

The 2010 World Rowing Championships will be held at Lake Karapiro, near Cambridge, New Zealand, New Zealand between October 29 – November 7....
 
Hamilton
Hamilton, New Zealand

Hamilton is the centre of New Zealand's fourth largest urban area, and Hamilton City is the country's seventh largest territorial authorities of New Zealand....

Lake Karapiro
Lake Karapiro

Lake Karapiro is an artificial lake formed as part of a hydroelectricity scheme on the Waikato River in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located 35 kilometres southeast of Hamilton, New Zealand, close to the town of Cambridge, New Zealand....
October 29 – November 7
2011
2011 World Rowing Championships

The 2011 World Rowing Championships will be held at Lake Bled, Bled, Slovenia between August 28 – September 4.The annual week long rowing regatta is organized by International Rowing Federation , and held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer....
 
Bled
Bled

Bled is a municipality in northwestern Slovenia in the region of Upper Carniola. The area within the Julian Alps is a popular Resort town....

Lake Bled
Lake Bled

Lake Bled is a glacial lake in the Julian Alps in northwestern Slovenia, where it adjoins the town of Bled. The area is a popular Tourism destination....
August 28 – September 4
2012
2012 World Rowing Championships

The 2012 World Rowing Championships will be held at Plovdiv, Bulgaria between July 18 – July 21.The annual week long rowing regatta is organized by International Rowing Federation , and held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer....
 
Plovdiv
Plovdiv

Plovdiv is the second-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia, with a population of 379,119. It is the administrative centre of Plovdiv Province in southern Bulgaria and three municipalities , as well as the largest and most important city in Northern Thrace and the wider international historical region of Thrace....
July 18 – July 21


Times Hosted Host Country
4Switzerland
Switzerland

Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....
, Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
, Great Britain
Great Britain

Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the List of islands by area, and the largest in Europe. With a population of 58.9 million people it is List of islands by population....
, Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
3Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia

File:LocationYugoslavia2.pngYugoslavia is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century....
2New Zealand
New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous Islands of New Zealand, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands....
, Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
, Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
, Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
1Netherlands
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
, Denmark
Denmark

Denmark is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries....
, Australia
Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
, Czech Republic
Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, Finland
Finland

Finland , officially the Republic of Finland , is a Nordic countries situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland....
, France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, Croatia
Croatia

Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
, Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
, Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
, Slovenia
Slovenia

Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north....
, Bulgaria
Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....


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