Wolverine

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Wolverine

The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is the largest land-dwelling species

Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
of the Mustelidae

Mustelidae

Mustelidae or Mustelids , commonly referred to as the weasel family, is a family of carnivora mammals. The Mustelidae is a diverse family and the largest in the order Carnivora, at least partly because it has in the past been a catch-all category for many early or poorly differentiated taxa....
or weasel family (the Giant Otter

Giant Otter

The Giant Otter is a South American carnivorous mammal. It is the longest member of the Mustelidae, or weasel family, a globally successful group of predators....
is largest overall) in the genus

Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
Gulo (meaning "glutton"). It is also called the Glutton or Carcajou. Some authors recognize two subspecies

Subspecies

In biology, subspecies is the taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a species. A subspecies is a taxonomic group which is less distinct than the Common descent or species from which it originates....
: the Old World

Old World

The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans, Asians, and Africans in the 15th century....
form Gulo gulo gulo and the New World

New World

The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth, specifically the Americas and Australasia. When the term originated in the late 15th century, the Americas were new to the Europeans, who previously thought of the world as consisting only of Europe, Asia, and Africa ....
form G. g. luscus. A third subspecies limited to Vancouver Island

Vancouver Island

Vancouver Island is a large island in British Columbia, Canada, one of several North American regions named after George Vancouver, the British Royal Navy officer who explored the Pacific Ocean coast of North America between 1791 and 1794....
(G.

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The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is the largest land-dwelling species
Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
of the Mustelidae
Mustelidae

Mustelidae or Mustelids , commonly referred to as the weasel family, is a family of carnivora mammals. The Mustelidae is a diverse family and the largest in the order Carnivora, at least partly because it has in the past been a catch-all category for many early or poorly differentiated taxa....
or weasel family (the Giant Otter
Giant Otter

The Giant Otter is a South American carnivorous mammal. It is the longest member of the Mustelidae, or weasel family, a globally successful group of predators....
is largest overall) in the genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
Gulo (meaning "glutton"). It is also called the Glutton or Carcajou. Some authors recognize two subspecies
Subspecies

In biology, subspecies is the taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a species. A subspecies is a taxonomic group which is less distinct than the Common descent or species from which it originates....
: the Old World
Old World

The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans, Asians, and Africans in the 15th century....
form Gulo gulo gulo and the New World
New World

The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth, specifically the Americas and Australasia. When the term originated in the late 15th century, the Americas were new to the Europeans, who previously thought of the world as consisting only of Europe, Asia, and Africa ....
form G. g. luscus. A third subspecies limited to Vancouver Island
Vancouver Island

Vancouver Island is a large island in British Columbia, Canada, one of several North American regions named after George Vancouver, the British Royal Navy officer who explored the Pacific Ocean coast of North America between 1791 and 1794....
(G. g. vancouverensis) is also occasionally described; however, craniomorphic evidence suggests that the Vancouver Island wolverines are properly included within G. g. luscus.

Anatomy
Anatomically
Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
, the wolverine is a stocky and muscular animal. It has brown fur with stripes of dull yellow along the sides. Its fur is long and dense and does not retain much water, making it very resistant to frost, which is common in the wolverine's cold habitat. (For these reasons, the fur has been traditionally popular among hunters and trappers as a lining in jackets and parkas, especially for wear in Arctic conditions). The adult wolverine is about the size of a medium dog
Dog

The dog is a domesticated subspecies of the Gray Wolf, a member of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. The term is used for both feral and pet varieties....
, with a length usually ranging from 65 – 87 cm
Centimetre

A centimetre is a Units of measurement of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, which is the current International System of Units SI base unit of length....
(25 – 34 inches), a tail of 17 – 26 cm (7 – 10 inches), and a weight of 10-25 kg
Kilogram

The kilogram or kilogrammeThe spelling kilogram is used by the International Committee for Weights and Measures and the U.S....
(22 – 55 lb
Pound (mass)

The pound or pound-mass is a Units of measurement of massused in the Imperial unit, United States customary units and other systems of measurement....
), although exceptionally large males can weigh over 31 kg (70 lb). The males are as much as 30 percent larger than the females. In appearance, the wolverine resembles a small bear with a long tail. It has been known to give off a very strong, extremely unpleasant odor, giving rise to the nicknames "skunk bear" and "nasty cat." Wolverines, as other mustelids, possess a special upper molar in the back of the mouth that is rotated 90 degrees, or sideways, towards the inside of the mouth. This special characteristic allows wolverines to tear off meat from prey or carrion that has been frozen solid and also to crush bones, which enables the wolverine to extract marrow.

Behavior
The wolverine is, like most mustelids, remarkably strong for its size. It has been known to kill prey as large as moose
Moose

File:Alces alces NA.svgThe moose or elk , , is the largest Extant taxon species in the deer family . Moose are distinguished by the palmate antlers of the males; other members of the family have antlers with a "twig-like" configuration....
, although most typically when these are weakened by winter starvation or caught in deep snow. Wolverines inhabiting the Old World
Old World

The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans, Asians, and Africans in the 15th century....
(specifically, Fennoscandia
Fennoscandia

Fennoscandia and Fenno-Scandinavia are geographic and geological terms used to describe the Scandinavian Peninsula, the Kola Peninsula, Karelia and Finland....
) are more active hunters than their North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
n cousins. This may be because competing predator populations in Eurasia are not as dense, making it more practical for the wolverine to hunt for itself than to wait for another animal to make a kill and then try to snatch it. They often feed on carrion
Carrion

Carrion refers to the carcass of a dead animal. Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters, or scavengers, include Hyenas, Vultures, Virginia Opossum, Tasmanian Devils, Black Bears, Komodo Dragons, Bald Eagles, Raccoons and Blue-tongued lizards....
left by wolves, so that changes in the population of wolves may affect the population of wolverines. Wolverines are also known on occasion to eat plant material.

Armed with powerful jaws, sharp claws, and a thick hide, wolverines may defend kills against larger or more numerous predators. There is at least one published account of a 27-pound wolverine's attempt to steal a kill from a black bear
American black bear

The American Black Bear is the most common bear species native to North America. It lives throughout much of the continent, from northern Alaska south into Mexico and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean....
(adult males weigh 400 to 500 pounds). Unfortunately for the mustelid, the bear won what was ultimately a fatal contest. Wolverines have been known to harass and attempt to intimidate wolves, cougars and bears.

Mating season is in the summer, but the actual implantation of the embryo (blastocyst) in the uterus
Uterus

The uterus is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals, including humans. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation....
is stayed
Embryonic diapause

Embryonic diapause or Delayed implantation is a reproductive strategy used by close to 100 different mammals in seven different order . In embryonic diapause, the embryo does not immediately implant in the uterus, but is maintained in a state of dormancy....
until early winter, delaying the development of the fetus
Fetus

A fetus is a developing mammal or other viviparous vertebrate, after the embryonic stage and before childbirth. The plural is fetuses, or sometimes feti....
. Females will often not produce young if food is scarce. The wolverine gestation period is 30-50 days. Litters of typically two or three young ("kits") are born in the spring. Kits develop rapidly, reaching adult size within the first year of a lifespan that may reach anywhere from five to (in exceptional individuals) thirteen years.

Adult wolverines have no natural predators, though they do come into conflict with (and may be killed by) other large predators over territory and food. Juveniles are more vulnerable; infants (kits) have been known on occasion to be taken by predatory birds such as eagles.

Range

The wolverine lives primarily in isolated northern areas, for example the arctic
Arctic

The Arctic is the region around the Earth's North Pole, opposite the Antarctica region around the South Pole. The Arctic includes the Arctic Ocean and parts of Canada, Greenland , Russia, the United States , Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland....
and alpine
Alpine

The term alpine refers to the Alps, a European mountain range. It is also found in many other instances, which may or may not be related to the mountains:...
regions of Alaska
Alaska

Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
, northern Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
, Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
and Scandinavia
Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a historical and geographical subregion in northern Europe that includes the Scandinavian Peninsula. It consists of the kingdoms of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark; some authorities also include Finland and some might even include Iceland....
; they are also native to Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
and the Baltic
Baltic region

The Baltic region is an ambiguous term that refers to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea....
countries. The wolverine is arguably found as far south as the Sierra Nevada, , and Northern China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
and Mongolia
Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west....
. It is also found in low numbers in the Rocky Mountains
Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than 4,800 kilometre from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in Canada, to New Mexico, in the United States....
and northern Cascades of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
. However most of the Wolverines live in Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
.

The world's total wolverine population is unknown. The animal exhibits a low population density and requires a very large home range. The range of a male wolverine can be more than 620 km²
Square kilometre

Square kilometre , symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI Units of measurement of surface area, the square metre, one of the SI derived units....
(240 sq mi) while encompassing the ranges of several females (with smaller home ranges of roughly 130-260 km² (50-100 sq mi). Adult wolverines try for the most part to keep non-overlapping ranges with adults of the same sex. Radio tracking suggests an animal can range hundreds of miles in only a few months.

Country Population Area Year State of Population
Sweden 265+ Norrbotten
Norrbotten

Norrbotten is a Provinces of Sweden in northernmost Sweden. It borders south to V?sterbotten, west to Swedish Lappland, and east to Finland....
1995-97 Stable
Norway 150+ Snøhetta
Snøhetta

Sn?hetta is an international architecture, landscape architecture, and interior design office based in Oslo, Norway and New York City.Sn?hetta has two principals, Craig Dykers and Kjetil Tr?dal Thorsen....
plateau and North 1995-97 Decline
Finland 115 Karelia
Karelia

Karelia , the land of the Karelians, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden. It is currently divided between the Russian Republic of Karelia, the Russian Leningrad Oblast, and Finland ....
and North 1997 Stable
Russia 1500 Taiga
Taiga

Taiga is a biome characterized by coniferous forests. Covering most of inland Alaska, Canada, Sweden, Finland, inland Norway and Russia , as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States , northern Kazakhstan and Japan , the taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome....
1970, 1990, Decline
Russia - Komi
Komi Republic

The Komi Republic is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia ....
885 - 1990 -
Russia - Archangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast

Arkhangelsk Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . It includes Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya islands, and also Nenets Autonomous Okrug....
410 Nenetsky Autonomous Area
Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Nenets Autonomous Okrug , or Nenetsia, is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia .It has an area of 176,700 km? and population of 41,546 as of the Russian Census , 18,611 of whom live in Naryan-Mar, the administrative center....
1990 Limited
Russia - Kola Peninsula
Kola Peninsula

The Kola Peninsula is a peninsula in the far north of Russia, part of the Murmansk Oblast. It borders upon the Barents Sea on the North and the White Sea on the East and South....
160 Hunting Districts 1990 Decline
USA - Alaska
Alaska

Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
unknown Kobuk Valley National Park
Kobuk Valley National Park

Kobuk Valley National Park is in northwestern Alaska north of the Arctic Circle. It was designated a United States national park in 1980 by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act....
, Selawik National Wildlife Refuge
Selawik National Wildlife Refuge

Selawik National Wildlife Refuge in northwest Alaska in the Waring Mountains was officially established in 1980 with the passage of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act ....
1998 Decline
USA - Alaska
Alaska

Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
3.0 (± 0.4 SE) wolverines/1,000 km² Turnagain Arm and the Kenai Mountains
Cook Inlet

Cook Inlet stretches from the Gulf of Alaska to Anchorage, Alaska in south-central Alaska. Cook Inlet branches into the Knik Arm and Turnagain Arm at its northern end, almost surrounding Anchorage....
2004 -
USA - California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
Unknown Tahoe National Forest
Tahoe National Forest

Tahoe National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located in the state of California, northwest of Lake Tahoe. It includes the peak of Sierra Buttes, near Sierra City, California, which has views of Mount Lassen and Mount Shasta....
2008 Unknown
Canada - Yukon
Yukon

Yukon is the westernmost and smallest of Canada three Territories of Canada. It was named after the Yukon River, Yukon meaning "Great River" in Gwich?in language....
9.7 (± 0.6 SE) wolverines/1,000 km² Old Crow Flats
Old Crow Flats

Old Crow Flats is a 6,170 km? wetland complex in northern Yukon, Canada. It is north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Beaufort Sea, and is nearly surrounded by mountains....
2004 -
Canada - Ontario
Ontario

Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
unclear Red Lake – Sioux Lookout to Fort Severn – Peawanuck 2004 Stable to Expanding
Canada - Overall 15000 to 19000 Overall - Stable

This requirement for large territories brings wolverines into conflict with human development, and hunting and trapping further reduce their numbers, causing them to disappear from large parts of their former range; attempts to have them declared an endangered species have met with little success.

Name
The wolverine's questionable reputation as an insatiable glutton may be in part due to a false etymology
False etymology

A false etymology is an assumed or postulated etymology that current consensus among scholars of historical linguistics holds to be incorrect. Many false etymologies may also be described as folk etymologies, the distinction being that folk etymologies are widely believed to be true, and of anonymous origin....
. The animal's name in old Swedish
Swedish language

Swedish is a North Germanic languages language, spoken by around 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the ?land islands....
, Fjellfräs, meaning "fell
Fell

Fell is a word used to refer to mountains, or certain types of mountainous landscape, in Scandinavia, the Manx English, and parts of England....
(mountain) cat", worked its way into German as Vielfraß, which means roughly "devours much". Its name in other West Germanic languages is similar (e.g. Dutch Veelvraat). The name in Old Norse
Old Norse

Old Norse is a North Germanic languages that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300....
, Jarfr, lives on in the regular Icelandic
Icelandic language

Icelandic is a North Germanic languages, the language of Iceland. Its closest relative is Faroese language and Norwegian dialects such as Telemark dialect and Sognam?l....
name jarfi, regular Norwegian
Norwegian language

Norwegian is a North Germanic languages language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language. It is also spoken as a second language among Norwegian-Americans in the United States of America, especially in the central northern states....
name jerv, regular Swedish name järv and regular Danish
Danish language

Danish is one of the North Germanic languages , a sub-group of the Germanic languages branch of the Indo-European languages. It is spoken by around 6 million people, mainly in Denmark; the language is also used by the 50,000 Danes in the northern parts of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany where it holds the status of minority language....
name jærv. The Finnish name is Ahma, derived from "ahmatti", which is translated as "glutton". The Russian "rosomakha" and the Polish and Czech name "rosomak", seem to be borrowed from the Finnish rasva-maha (fat belly). Similarly, the Hungarian name is "rozsomák" or "torkosborz" which means gluttonous badger.

As a symbol

The Norwegian municipality of Bardu
Bardu

Bardu is a Municipalities of Norway in Troms Counties of Norway, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Setermoen, the largest urban area in the municipality....
and Finnish municipality of Kittilä
Kittilä

Kittil? is a municipalities of Finland of Finland and a popular holiday resort.It is located in the provinces of Finland of Lapland, Finland....
have a wolverine in their coats-of-arms.

The U.S. state
U.S. state

A U.S. state is any one of the 50 state of the United States that share sovereignty with the federal government of the United States . Because of this shared sovereignty, an United States is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of Domicile ....
of Michigan
Michigan

Michigan is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Anishinaabe language term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
is, by tradition, known as "The Wolverine State," and the University of Michigan
University of Michigan

The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan is a public university research university located in the state of Michigan. It is the state's oldest university and the flagship campus of the University of Michigan, which also includes two regional campuses in University of Michigan-Flint and University of Michigan-Dearborn....
takes the wolverine as its mascot. Many other educational institutions utilized the wolverine as an athletic mascot (e.g., Bronx High School of Science
Bronx High School of Science

The Bronx High School of Science is a Specialized High Schools of New York City New York City public high school. Founded in 1938, it is currently located in the Bedford Park, Bronx, New York section of the Bronx....
and Utah Valley University). A major league baseball team from the 1880s was also popularly known as the "Detroit Wolverines
Detroit Wolverines

The Detroit Wolverines were a 19th century baseball team that played in the 19th century National League teams from 1881 to 1888 in the city of Detroit, Michigan....
". The association is well and long established: for example, many Detroiters volunteered to fight during the American Civil War
American Civil War

The American Civil War , also known as the War Between the States and several Naming the American Civil War, was a civil war in the United States....
and George Armstrong Custer
George Armstrong Custer

George Armstrong Custer was a United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. At the start of the Civil War, Custer was a cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, and his class's graduation was accelerated so that they could enter the war....
, who led the Michigan Brigade, called them the "Wolverines." The origins of this association are obscure: it may derive from a busy trade in wolverine furs in Sault Ste. Marie
Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan

Sault Ste. Marie is a city in and the county seat of Chippewa County, Michigan in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the oldest city in the Midwest region of the United States....
in the 18th century or may recall a disparagement intended to compare early settlers in Michigan with the vicious mammal. In any event, the wolverine appears to no longer be commonly found in that state. It is, at the very least, an uncommon sight there: for example, when one was observed in February 2004 by hunters
Hunting

Hunting is the practice of pursuing living animals for food, recreation, or trade. In present-day use, the term refers to lawful hunting, as distinguished from poaching, which is the killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species contrary to law....
and biologist
Biologist

A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of life.Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship to their environment....
s near Ubly
Ubly, Michigan

Ubly is a village in Huron County, Michigan in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 873 at the 2000 United States Census. The village is within Bingham Township, Huron County, Michigan....
, it was reportedly the first confirmed sighting of a wolverine in Michigan in about 200 years.

The European Football League
European Football League

The European Football League is a UEFA Champions League style tournament for European American Football teams affiliated to EFAF . The final game of the EFL is called the Eurobowl, which has been competed for annually since 1987....
(playing American football
American football

American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive team sport known for mixing strategy with physical play....
in Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
) includes the Helsinki Wolverines, founded in 1995. The team plays in the Maple League, the Finnish top level. The wolverine figures prominently in the mythology of the Innu
Innu

The Innu are the indigenous people inhabitants of an area they refer to as Nitassinan, which comprises most of what other Canadians refer to as eastern Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada....
people of eastern Québec
Quebec

Quebec , in French language, Qu?bec , is a Provinces and territories of Canada in the Central Canada and Eastern Canada regions of Canada....
and Labrador
Labrador

Labrador is a region of Atlantic Canada. Together with the island of Newfoundland from which it is separated by the Strait of Belle Isle, it constitutes the province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
. In at least one Innu myth, it is the creator of the world.

In the Central Interior Hockey League, founded in 1996, in British Columbia
British Columbia

British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's Provinces and territories of Canada and is famed for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ....
, Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
, an ice hockey
Ice hockey

Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team sport played on ice. It is a fast paced and physical sport. Ice hockey is most popular in areas that are sufficiently cold for natural reliable seasonal ice cover such as Canada, the northern United States, Scandinavia and Russia, though with the advent of indoor artificial ice r...
team team based in Hazelton, British Columbia
Hazelton, British Columbia

Hazelton is a small town located at the junction of the Bulkley River and Skeena Rivers in northern British Columbia, Canada. It was founded in 1866 and has a population of 1356....
is named the Hazelton Wolverines.

External links

: scientific articles about wolverines

Gallery