Windsor is the southernmost major city in Canada and lies in
Southwestern OntarioSouthwestern Ontario is a subregion of Southern Ontario in the province of Ontario, centred on the city of London. It extends north to south from the Bruce Peninsula on Lake Huron to the Lake Erie shoreline, and east to south-west roughly from Kitchener to Windsor. These three urban centres make up...
at the western end of the heavily populated
Quebec City-Windsor CorridorThe Quebec City–Windsor Corridor is the most densely-populated and heavily-industrialised region of Canada. With over 17 million people , it contained 56.8% of the Canadian population and three of the four largest metropolitan areas in the country...
. It is within
Essex CountyEssex County is a county and census division located in Southwestern Ontario and covers an area at the southernmost tip of Canada. The county seat is Windsor and the administrative seat is Essex...
, although
administratively separated from the county government. Windsor is located south of
DetroitDetroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Wayne County. Detroit is a major port city on the Detroit River, in the Midwest region of the United States. Located north of Windsor, Ontario, Detroit is the only major U.S. city that looks south to Canada. It was founded...
, is separated from that city by the
Detroit RiverThe Detroit River is a 32 mile long river in the Great Lakes system. The name comes from the French Rivière du Détroit, which translates literally as River of the Strait. The Detroit River has served an important role in the history of Detroit and is one of the busiest waterways in the world. ...
, and has views of the Detroit skyline. Windsor is known as The City of Roses and residents are known as Windsorites.
History
- See also: Neighbourhoods of Windsor, Ontario
Windsor, Ontario has a very diverse population, and this diversity is shown in its many neighbourhoods. Windsor has twenty in all, ranging from rural farmland to densely built-up areas.- Downtown :...
.
Prior to European exploration and settlement, the Windsor area was inhabited by the
First NationsFirst Nations is a term of ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada, who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 600 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread all across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia...
and
Native AmericanThe indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas, their descendants, and many ethnic groups who identify with those peoples...
people. Windsor was first settled in 1749 as a French agricultural settlement, making it the oldest continually inhabited settlement in Canada west of
MontrealMontreal is the second-largest city in Canada and the largest city in the province of Quebec. Originally called Ville-Marie , the city takes its present name from Mont-Royal, the triple-peaked hill located in the heart of the city, whose name was also initially given to the island on which the...
. The area was first named
Petite Côte ("Little Coast" - as opposed to the longer coastline on the Detroit side of the river), and later became known as
La Côte de Misère ("Poverty Coast") because of the sandy soils near
LaSalleLaSalle is a town in Essex County, Ontario. It is located on the Detroit River, south of the City of Windsor. LaSalle, along with Windsor, is the oldest French settlement area in Southwestern Ontario, and the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in Canada west of the Quebec border. The...
. Windsor's French heritage is reflected in many French street names such as Ouellette, Pelissier, Francois, Pierre, Langlois, Marentette, and Lauzon. There is a significant French speaking minority in Windsor and the surrounding area, particularly in the
LakeshoreLakeshore is a town in southwestern Ontario, Canada on Lake St. Clair. It is located in Essex County. The town was incorporated in 1999 by amalgamating the separate townships of Maidstone, Rochester, Tilbury North and Tilbury West....
,
TecumsehTecumseh is a town on Lake St. Clair east of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.Originally known as Ryegate Postal Station when it was first settled in 1792, Tecumseh was renamed in 1912 after the Shawnee tribe leader of the same name. It was officially incorporated as a town in 1921...
and
LaSalleLaSalle is a town in Essex County, Ontario. It is located on the Detroit River, south of the City of Windsor. LaSalle, along with Windsor, is the oldest French settlement area in Southwestern Ontario, and the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in Canada west of the Quebec border. The...
areas. The current street system of Windsor (a grid with elongated blocks) reflects the French method of agricultural land division where the farms were long and narrow, fronting along the river. Today, the north-south street name often indicates the name of the family that at one time farmed the land. The street system of outlying areas is consistent with the British system for granting land
concessionsIn Upper and Lower Canada, concession roads were laid out by the colonial government through undeveloped land to define lots to be developed; the name comes from a Lower Canadian French term for a row of lots. Concession roads are straight, and follow an approximately square grid, usually oriented...
.
In 1794, after the
American RevolutionThe American Revolution is the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America at first rejected the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and later the British monarchy itself, to become the sovereign United States of...
, the settlement of
Sandwich was founded. It was later renamed to Windsor, after the
town in Berkshire, EnglandWindsor is a suburban town in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. It is best known as the site of Windsor Castle....
. The Sandwich neighbourhood on Windsor's west side is home to some of the oldest buildings in the city including Mackenzie Hall, originally built as the Essex County Courthouse in 1855. Today, this building functions as a community centre. The oldest building in the city is the Duff-Baby House built in 1792. It is owned by
Ontario Heritage TrustThe Ontario Heritage Trust is a non-profit agency of the Ontario Ministry of Culture, responsible for protecting, preserving and promoting the built, natural and cultural heritage of Canada's most populous province. It was initially known as the Archaeological and Historic Sites Board in the 1950s...
and houses government offices. The
François Baby HouseThe François Baby House is a historic residence located in Windsor, Ontario Canada which was owned by the prominent local politician François Baby. The house was known as La Ferme locally, and was a French-Canadian ribbon style farm which was a long narrow tract fronting endwise on the Detroit River...
in downtown Windsor was built in 1812 and houses
Windsor's Community MuseumWindsor Community Museum is a historical museum located in Windsor, Ontario, Canada which displays the city's rich and colourful past. It is located in an historic house built in 1812 by François Baby, a prominent French-Canadian...
, dedicated to local history.
The City of Windsor was the site of the Battle of Windsor during the
Upper Canada RebellionThe Upper Canada Rebellion was, along with the Lower Canada Rebellion in Lower Canada, a rebellion against the British colonial government in 1837 and 1838. Collectively they are also known as the Rebellions of 1837.-Issues:...
in 1837, and was also a part of the
Patriot WarThe Battle of Windsor was a short-lived campaign in the eastern Michigan area of the United States and the Windsor, Ontario area of Canada. A group of men on both sides of the border, calling themselves "Patriots," formed small militias in 1837 with the intention of seizing the Southern Ontario...
, later that year.
Windsor was established as a village in 1854 (the same year the village was connected to the rest of Canada by the
Grand Trunk RailwayThe Grand Trunk Railway was a railway system which operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, as well as the American states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The railway was operated from headquarters in Montreal, Quebec; however, corporate...
/
Canadian National RailwayThe Canadian National Railway is a Canadian Class I railway operated by the Canadian National Railway Company headquartered in Montreal, Quebec....
), then became a town in 1858, and ultimately gained city status in 1892.
A fire consumed much of Windsor's downtown core on October 12, 1871, destroying over 100 buildings.
On October 25, 1960, a massive gas explosion destroyed the building housing the Metropolitan Store on Ouellette Avenue. Ten people were killed and at least one hundred injured. The 45th anniversary of the event was commemorated by the
Windsor StarThe Windsor Star is the regional newspaper of Windsor, Ontario , and is owned by CanWest Global Communications. It has attracted the highest readership per capita in its circulation range of any Canadian metropolitan newspaper...
on October 25, 2005 and later re-enacted on
History TelevisionHistory Television is a Canadian English language cable television specialty channel that presents programming about history and some non-historical programming of military, science and technology interest. It is owned by CW Media .The channel operates two time shifted feeds: East and West...
's
Disasters of the CenturyDisasters of the Century is a documentary television series that airs on History Television. The program is produced by Regina, Saskatchewan-based Partners in Motion....
.
The
Windsor StarThe Windsor Star is the regional newspaper of Windsor, Ontario , and is owned by CanWest Global Communications. It has attracted the highest readership per capita in its circulation range of any Canadian metropolitan newspaper...
Centennial Edition in 1992 covered the city's past, its success as a railway centre, and its contributions to World War I and World War II. It also recalled the naming controversy in 1892 when the town of Windsor aimed to become a city. The most popular names listed in the naming controversy were "South Detroit", "The Ferry" (from the ferries that linked Windsor to Detroit), Windsor, and Richmond (the runner-up in popularity). Windsor was chosen to promote the heritage of new English settlers in the city and to recognize
Windsor CastleWindsor Castle, in Windsor in the English country of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited castle in the world and, dating back to the time of William the Conqueror, is the oldest in continuous occupation...
in Berkshire, England. However, Richmond was a popular name used until the Second World War, mainly by the local
post officeA post office is a facility authorised by a postal system for the posting, receipt, sorting, handling, transmission or delivery of mail. Post offices offer mail-related services such as post office boxes, postage and packaging supplies...
.
Sandwich,
Ford CityFord City was a community in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the municipal boundaries of Windsor. The community was founded by the Ford Motor Company in the early 1900s as a separate company town where Ford had a big plant at the corner of Riverside and Drouillard which at one...
and
WalkervilleWalkerville Ontario, Canada is an area of Windsor Ontario, Canada that was founded and developed by Hiram Walker, maker of Canadian Club Whisky. The town surrounding the distillery was started in 1856 and many original buildings and homes still exist as they grew around the first distillery of 1858...
were separate legal entities (towns) in their own right until 1935. They are now historic
neighbourhoods of WindsorWindsor, Ontario has a very diverse population, and this diversity is shown in its many neighbourhoods. Windsor has twenty in all, ranging from rural farmland to densely built-up areas.- Downtown :...
. Ford City was officially incorporated as a village in 1912 then became a town in 1915, and a city in 1929. Walkerville was incorporated as a town in 1890. Sandwich was established in 1817 as a town with no municipal status. It was incorporated as a town in 1858 (the same year as neighbouring Windsor). These three towns were each annexed by Windsor in 1935. The nearby villages of Ojibway and Riverside were incorporated in 1913 and 1921 respectively. Both were annexed by Windsor in 1966.
Economy
Windsor's economy is primarily based on manufacturing, tourism, education, and government services. It is one of Canada's major automobile manufacturing centres and is often referred to as the Automotive Capital of Canada. However, plant closures and significant job losses in recent years have significantly impacted Windsor's manufacturing industry. The city is home to the headquarters of Chrysler Canada. Automotive factories include the
ChryslerChrysler Group, LLC is an American automobile manufacturer headquartered in the Detroit suburb of Auburn Hills, Michigan. Chrysler was first organized as the Chrysler Corporation in 1925. From 1998 to 2007, Chrysler and its subsidiaries were part of the German based DaimlerChrysler AG...
minivan assembly plant, a
Ford Motor CompanyThe Ford Motor Company is an American multinational corporation based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury brands, Ford also owns Volvo Cars of Sweden, and a small stake...
engine plant, a General Motors transmission plant (scheduled to close in June, 2010), and a number of smaller tool and die and automotive parts manufacturers.
Windsor has a well-established tourism industry.
Caesars WindsorCaesars Windsor in Windsor, Ontario is one of four casinos in the Detroit-Windsor area. Owned by the government of the province of Ontario , it is operated by Harrah's Entertainment. Both the original Casino Windsor and the new expansion were designed by WZMH Architects...
(formerly Casino Windsor) ranks as one of the largest local employers and has been a major draw for U.S. visitors since its opening in 1994. The city also boasts an extensive riverfront parks system and fine restaurants such as those on Erie Street in Windsor's Little Italy, another popular tourist destination. Additionally, the Lake Erie North Shore Wine Region in Essex County has enhanced tourism in the region. Caesars is also the largest casino in Canada.
Windsor is the headquarters of Hiram Walker & Sons Limited, now owned by
Pernod RicardPernod Ricard is a French company that produces alcoholic beverages. The company's most famous products, Pernod Anise and Ricard Pastis, are both anise liqueurs, and often referred to as simply Pernod or Ricard...
. Its historic distillery was founded by
Hiram WalkerHiram Walker was an American grocer and distiller, and the eponym of the famous distillery in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Walker founded the distillery in 1858 in what was then Walkerville, Ontario. Walker was born July 4, 1816 in East Douglas, Massachusetts, and moved to Detroit in the mid-1830s...
in 1858 in what was then
Walkerville, OntarioWalkerville Ontario, Canada is an area of Windsor Ontario, Canada that was founded and developed by Hiram Walker, maker of Canadian Club Whisky. The town surrounding the distillery was started in 1856 and many original buildings and homes still exist as they grew around the first distillery of 1858...
.
Both the
University of WindsorThe University of Windsor is a non-denominational, provincially-supported, coeducational, public comprehensive university in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's southernmost university. It has a student population of over 15,000 full-time and part-time undergraduate students and over 1000...
and
St. Clair CollegeSt. Clair College of Applied Arts and Technology is a college in the southwestern Ontario counties of Essex and Chatham-Kent.-Campus:Its main administration and largest campus sites are in Windsor, Canada. In addition, other campuses are located in Chatham and Wallaceburg. In 2007, St...
are significant local employers and have enjoyed substantial growth and expansion in recent years. The recent addition of a full-program satellite medical school of the
University of Western OntarioThe University of Western Ontario is a public research university located in London, Ontario. It was founded in 1878 by Bishop Isaac Hellmuth of Bishop's University and the Anglican Diocese of Huron as The Western University of London Ontario.Huron College, established in 1863 as an Anglican...
which opened in 2008 at the
University of WindsorThe University of Windsor is a non-denominational, provincially-supported, coeducational, public comprehensive university in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's southernmost university. It has a student population of over 15,000 full-time and part-time undergraduate students and over 1000...
is further enhancing the region's economy and the status of the university.
The city's diversifying economy is also represented by companies involved in pharmaceuticals, insurance, internet and software. Windsor is also home to the
Windsor Salt MineThe Windsor Salt Mine currently operates two locations in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The first is at 200 Morton Drive in Windsor, established in 1955, and is owned by The Canadian Salt Company, Limited...
and the Great Lakes Regional office of the
International Joint CommissionThe International Joint Commission is an independent binational organization established by the United States and Canada under the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909.The Commission has responsibilities related to the following treaties and agreements:...
.
Demographics
| Ethnic Origin, 2001 |
| Ethnic Origin |
Percentage |
| Canadian |
28.1% |
FrenchFrench people can refer to:* The legal residents and citizens of France, regardless of ancestry. For a legal discussion, see French nationality law.* People whose ancestors lived in France or the area that later became France....
|
21.2% |
EnglishThe English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity as a people is of early medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn....
|
18.5% |
IrishThe Irish people are a Western European ethnic group who originate in Ireland, in north western Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolgs, Tuatha Dé Danann and the Milesians The Irish...
|
13.1% |
ScottishThe Scots people and an ethnic group indigenous to Scotland.An ethnic group, historically they emerged from an amalgamation of Picts, Gaels and Brythons....
|
12.1% |
ItalianThe Italian people are an ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common Italian culture, descent, and speaking the Italian language as a mother tongue...
|
9.7% |
| German |
7.1% |
| Polish |
4.0% |
| multiple responses included |
In 2006, the population of Windsor was 216,473 and that of the Windsor metropolitan area (consisting of Windsor,
TecumsehTecumseh is a town on Lake St. Clair east of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.Originally known as Ryegate Postal Station when it was first settled in 1792, Tecumseh was renamed in 1912 after the Shawnee tribe leader of the same name. It was officially incorporated as a town in 1921...
,
AmherstburgAmherstburg is a Canadian town near the mouth of the Detroit River in Essex County, Ontario, Canada. It is approximately 25 kilometres south of the US city of Detroit, Michigan.-Location:...
,
LaSalleLaSalle is a town in Essex County, Ontario. It is located on the Detroit River, south of the City of Windsor. LaSalle, along with Windsor, is the oldest French settlement area in Southwestern Ontario, and the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in Canada west of the Quebec border. The...
and
LakeshoreLakeshore is a town in southwestern Ontario, Canada on Lake St. Clair. It is located in Essex County. The town was incorporated in 1999 by amalgamating the separate townships of Maidstone, Rochester, Tilbury North and Tilbury West....
) was 323,342. This represents a growth of 3.5% in the city population since 2001 and a growth of 5.0% in the metropolitan area population since 2001.
Windsor attracts many immigrants from around the world. Over 20% of the population is foreign-born; this is the fourth-highest proportion for a Canadian city. Visible minorities make up 21.0% of the population, making it the most diverse city in
OntarioOntario is a province located in east-central Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area. Ontario is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba to the west and Quebec to the east, and 5 U.S...
outside of the
Greater Toronto AreaThe Greater Toronto Area is the most populous metropolitan area in Canada. The GTA is a provincial planning area in Southern Ontario with a population of 5,555,912 at the 2006 Canadian Census...
.
From the 2001 Canadian census, Windsor's population was 48.9% male and 51.1% female. Children under five accounted for 6.3% of the city population compared to 5.6% for Canada. Persons of retirement age (65 years and over) accounted for 14.1% of the population in Windsor compared to 13.0% for Canada. The median age in Windsor is 36.0 years compared to 37.6 years for Canada.
| Religion, 2001 |
| Religion |
Percentage |
| Catholic The word Catholic is derived from the Greek adjective , meaning "universal". In the context of Christian ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages. For some, the term "Catholic Church" refers to the church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, made up of the Latin Rite and the 22...
|
48.3% |
| Protestant |
23.9% |
| No religion |
12.1% |
Muslim:A Muslim , , is an adherent of the religion of Islam. The feminine form is Muslimah . Literally, the word means "one who submits ". Muslim is the participle of the same verb of which Islam is the infinitive. Muslims believe that there is only one God, translated in Arabic as Allah...
|
4.8% |
| Orthodox Orthodox may refer to anything taken to be in accordance with a doctrine. Specifically it may refer to:-In religion:Orthodox in Christianity may refer to:...
|
4.3% |
Government
Windsor's history as an industrial centre has given the
New DemocratsThe New Democratic Party , commonly referred to as the NDP, is a social democratic political party in Canada. In the Canadian House of Commons, it holds a centre-left position in the Canadian political spectrum. The leader of the federal NDP is Jack Layton...
(a party partially founded, governed and supported by labour unions), a dedicated voting base. During federal and provincial elections, Windsorites have maintained its local representation in the respective legislatures. The
Liberal Party of CanadaThe Liberal Party of Canada , colloquially known as the Grits, is a major political party in Canada. The party sits between the centre-left and centre of the Canadian political spectrum. The party currently forms the Official Opposition in the Parliament of Canada since the 2006 federal election...
also has a strong electoral history in the city. Canada's 21st
Prime MinisterThe Prime Minister of Canada is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government of Canada. The office is not outlined in any of the documents that constitute the written portion of the constitution of Canada; executive authority is formally vested in the...
Paul MartinPaul Edgar Philippe Martin, PC is a Canadian politician who was the Prime Minister of Canada, as well as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada....
was born in Windsor. His father
Paul Martin (Sr.)Paul Joseph James Martin, PC, CC, QC , often referred to as Paul Martin, Sr, was a noted Canadian politician...
, a federal cabinet minister in several portfolios through the Liberal governments of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, was first elected to the House of Commons from a Windsor riding in the 1930s. Martin (Sr.) practiced law in the city and the federal building on Ouellette Avenue is named after him.
Eugene WhelanEugene "Gene" Francis Whelan, PC, OC is a retired Canadian politician. Whelan, a farmer, first won a seat in the Canadian House of Commons in the 1962 election representing the southwestern Ontario riding of Essex. He sat continuously in the House of Commons until his retirement in 1984 and was...
was a Liberal cabinet minister and one-time Liberal party leadership candidate elected from Essex County from the 1960s to the early 1980s, as well as
Mark MacGuiganMark Rudolph MacGuigan, PC , BA , MA , Ph.D , LL.M , JSD , LL.D was a Canadian academic and politician....
of Windsor-Walkerville riding, who also served as External Affairs, and later Justice minister in the early 1980s. Herb Gray represented Windsor as an MP from 1962 through 2003, winning thirteen consecutive elections making him the longest serving MP in Canadian history. A bust of
Herb GrayHerbert Eser Gray, PC, CC, QC is a retired Canadian politician. He was Canada's first Jewish federal cabinet minister , and is one of only a few Canadians ever granted the title The Right Honourable who was not so entitled by virtue of a position held.-Early life:Born in Windsor, Ontario, the son...
is located at the foot of Ouellette Avenue near Dieppe Park in downtown Windsor.
Current representation
The current
mayor of Windsor is
Eddie FrancisEddie Francis is a Canadian politician, currently serving as mayor of Windsor, Ontario. He was 29 years old when he was elected mayor in 2003, the youngest mayor in Windsor's history and one of the youngest mayors ever elected in Canada...
, a
Lebanese-CanadianThere are some 179,000 Canadians of Lebanese origin, making them by far the largest group of people with Arabic-speaking roots.Lebanese immigration began in 1882, because of situations within Lebanon and restrictive Canadian laws these immigrants were 90% percent Christian...
who was the city's youngest mayor when he was first elected at age 29 in 2003. Windsor is governed under the Council-Manager form of
local governmentLocal governments are administrative office that are smaller than a state. The term is used to contrast with offices at nation-state level, which are referred to as the central government, national government, or federal government....
and includes the elected
City CouncilThe Windsor City Council is the governing body of Windsor, Ontario, Canada.The council consists of the mayor plus ten elected city councillors representing the city as a whole.*Mayor: Eddie Francis*Ward 1: Dave Brister, Drew Dilkens...
, mayor, and an appointed Chief Administrative Officer. The city is divided into five wards, with two councillors representing each ward. They are: Ward 1 (South Windsor), 2 (West Windsor), 3 (Central Windsor), 4 (East Windsor), and 5 (Far East Windsor). The mayor serves as the chief executive officer of the city and functions as its ceremonial head. Day-to-day operations of the government are carried out by the Chief Administrative Officer.
At the
provincialThe Government of Ontario refers to the provincial government of the province of Ontario. Its powers and structure are set out in the Constitution Act, 1867....
and
federalThe government of Canada is established as a constitutional monarchy, with the powers and structure of the federal government established by the Constitution of Canada, which includes the written part, the decisions of courts, and unwritten conventions developed over time.-Usage:In Canadian...
levels, Windsor is divided into two ridings:
Windsor WestWindsor West is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 1968, and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1999....
and
Windsor—TecumsehWindsor—Tecumseh is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 2004. It will elect a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the next provincial election....
. The city is currently represented in the
Legislative Assembly of OntarioThe Legislative Assembly of Ontario , is the legislature of the Canadian province of Ontario...
by two Liberal MPPs:
Sandra PupatelloSandra Pupatello is a politician in Ontario, Canada. She has served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1995 as a member of the Ontario Liberal Party, and is currently the Minister of Economic Development and Trade in the government of Dalton McGuinty.Pupatello is married to Jim Bennett,...
(Windsor West), and
Dwight Duncan Dwight Duncan, MPP is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He has been a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1995, and is currently the Minister of Finance in the government of Dalton McGuinty...
(Windsor—Tecumseh).
Federally, Windsor West was a longtime Liberal stronghold under
Herb GrayHerbert Eser Gray, PC, CC, QC is a retired Canadian politician. He was Canada's first Jewish federal cabinet minister , and is one of only a few Canadians ever granted the title The Right Honourable who was not so entitled by virtue of a position held.-Early life:Born in Windsor, Ontario, the son...
, while
Windsor—TecumsehWindsor—Tecumseh is a federal and provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 2004. It will elect a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the next provincial election....
has traditionally been a Liberal-
NDPThe New Democratic Party , commonly referred to as the NDP, is a social democratic political party in Canada. In the Canadian House of Commons, it holds a centre-left position in the Canadian political spectrum. The leader of the federal NDP is Jack Layton...
swing riding. Both ridings are currently represented in the federal Parliament by NDP MPs:
Brian MasseBrian S. Masse is a Canadian politician. He has served in the Canadian House of Commons since 2002, representing the riding of Windsor West as a member of the New Democratic Party....
(Windsor West) and
Joe ComartinJoseph John "Joe" Comartin is a Canadian lawyer and politician. Comartin joined the New Democratic Party in 1969....
(Windsor—Tecumseh).
Climate
- See also: Weather Records in Windsor, Ontario
Extreme weather has been known to hit Windsor, Ontario, and the city is home to several local, national, and international weather records. They are shown below, organized chronologically :- 1913 :...
.
Windsor is at the dividing line of a
humid continental climateThe humid continental climate is a climate found over large areas of landmasses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between polar and tropical air masses. The humid continental climate is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal...
and
humid subtropical climateHumid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and cool winters. This climate type covers a broad category of climates, and the term "subtropical" may be a misnomer for the winter climate....
(
Koppen climate classificationThe Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by the Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself notably in 1918 and 1936...
Dfa /
Cfa) with four distinct seasons. The mean annual temperature is 9.5°
CCelsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius , who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death...
(49°F), amongst the warmest in Canada. Some locations in British Columbia have a slightly higher mean annual temperature due to milder winter conditions. The coldest month is January and the warmest month is July. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Windsor was and the warmest was .
Summers are hot, humid and the annual average rain is 94 cm (37
inchAn inch is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, and United States customary units. There are 36 inches in a yard and 12 inches in a foot...
es). Windsor is not located in the lake effect snowbelts and snow cover is intermittent throughout the winter; nevertheless, there are typically several major snowfall events each winter. Summers are warm and humid, and thunderstorms are common. Windsor has the highest number of days per year with lightning, haze, and daily maximum temperatures over of cities in Canada. Precipitation is generally well-distributed throughout the year.
Tornadoes
The strongest and deadliest tornado to touch down in Windsor was a category
F4The Windsor–Tecumseh Tornado of 1946 was the most powerful tornado to hit Windsor, Ontario, being an F4 in strength, touching down on June 17 of that year...
in 1946. Windsor was the only Canadian city to experience a tornado during the
Super OutbreakThe Super Outbreak is the largest tornado outbreak on record for a single 24-hour period. From April 3 to April 4, 1974, there were 148 tornadoes confirmed in 13 US states, including Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia,...
of 1974, an F3 which killed nine people at the Windsor Curling Club. The city was grazed in 1997 by the
Southeast Michigan Tornado OutbreakThe Southeast Michigan Tornado Outbreak occurred on July 2, 1997 in the built-up area of Detroit, Michigan. There were 13 tornadoes in total, 3 dragged through neighborhoods and downtown, hitting northern Detroit between I-96 and Eight Mile Road, Hamtramck and Highland Park. The storms killed 7,...
with one tornado (an F1) forming east of the city. Tornadoes have been recorded crossing the
Detroit RiverThe Detroit River is a 32 mile long river in the Great Lakes system. The name comes from the French Rivière du Détroit, which translates literally as River of the Strait. The Detroit River has served an important role in the history of Detroit and is one of the busiest waterways in the world. ...
(in 1946 and 1997), and waterspouts are regularly seen over
Lake St. ClairLake St. Clair is a lake that lies between Ontario, Canada and Michigan, United States, located about northeast of Detroit and Windsor, Ontario. Approximately in area, the lake is part of the Great Lakes system; however, because of its relatively small size, it is very rarely included in...
and
Lake ErieLake Erie is the fourth largest lake of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the thirteenth largest globally. It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes and therefore also has the shortest average water residence time. It is bounded on the north by the...
especially in autumn.
On April 25, 2009 an F0 tornado briefly touched down in the city's east end causing minor damage to nearby buildings, most notably a CUPE
union hallUnion Hall may refer to:in Ireland* Union Hall, Ireland, a town in Irelandin the United States* Union Hall , listed on the NRHP in Maine* Union Hall , listed on the NRHP in Maine...
.
Air Pollution
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.Robert Francis Kennedy, Jr. is the third of eleven children born to Ethel Skakel Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy and is the nephew of John F. Kennedy and Edward M. Kennedy...
, has denounced pollution in Windsor: "A lot of the industries in Detroit, the air emissions make their way to Windsor. Windsor has high cancer rates, particularly thyroid cancer. Many other respiratory illnesses that are associated with pollution are more prevalent here than elsewhere in Canada as Windsor is downwind from several strong polluters." This position is largely unsubstantiated. According to data from Cancer Care Ontario, the government-funded agency that provides cancer treatment, Windsor's overall cancer rates are similar to the provincial rate, although there are variations depending on the type of cancer.
The Weather NetworkThe Weather Network is a Canadian English language cable television specialty channel that provides weather information 24 hours a day. Based in Oakville, Ontario, The Weather Network also operates a French language channel called MétéoMédia. The station has a separate feed for the Greater Toronto...
has designated Windsor as "the smog capital of Canada." and Windsor's Citizens Environment Alliance holds a yearly art event entitled Smogfest to raise awareness of air quality issues.
A 2001 Article in the Environmental Health Prospectives journal stated that the rates of mortality, morbidity as hospitalizations, and congenital anomalies in the Windsor Area of Concern ranked among the highest of the 17 Areas of Concern on the Canadian side of the Great Lakes for selected end points that might be related to pollution."
In the summer of 2003,
Transit WindsorTransit Windsor is a company that provides public transportation in the city of Windsor, Ontario. Transit Windsor provides transportation to more than 6 million passengers each year, covering an area of and a population of 218,000....
provided free transit on smog advisory days. The pilot project was extremely successful and drew interest from across the country and Europe. Ridership increased nearly 50% on those days. In addition to local media coverage, stories on the project were featured on The Weather Network, CBC NewsWorld, in newspapers and on radio stations across the nation. Despite the success, the pilot project was discontinued as the budget for the program was quickly expended.
Cityscape
Windsor's Department of Parks and Recreation maintains of green space, 180 parks, of trails, of sidewalk, 60 parking lots, vacant lands, natural areas and forest cover within the city of Windsor. The largest park is Mic Mac Park, which can accommodate many different activities including baseball, soccer, biking, and sledding. Windsor has numerous bike trails, the largest being the Ganatchio Trail on the far east side of the city. In recent years, city council has pushed for the addition of bicycle lanes on city streets to provide links throughout the existing trail network.
The Windsor trail network is linked to the
LaSalleLaSalle is a town in Essex County, Ontario. It is located on the Detroit River, south of the City of Windsor. LaSalle, along with Windsor, is the oldest French settlement area in Southwestern Ontario, and the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in Canada west of the Quebec border. The...
Trail in the west end, and will eventually be linked to the
Chrysler Canada GreenwayThe Chrysler Canada Greenway is a 42 km-long rail trail in Essex County, Ontario, stretching from Oldcastle, Ontario to Leamington, Ontario.- History :...
(part of the
Trans Canada TrailThe Trans Canada Trail is a proposed corridor in Canada. The creation of the trail was announced as part of Canada's 125th anniversary celebrations in 1992. It is expected that when complete, it will be the longest recreational trail in the world...
). The current greenway is a 42 km former railway corridor that has been converted into a multi-use recreational trail, underground utility corridor and natural green space. The corridor begins south of Oldcastle and continues south through McGregor, Harrow, Kingsville, and Ruthven. The Greenway is a fine trail for hiking, biking, running, birding, cross country skiing and in some areas, horseback riding. It connects natural areas, rich agricultural lands, historically and architecturally significant structures, and award winning wineries.
A separate 5 km landscaped traverses the riverfront between downtown and the Ambassador Bridge. Part of this trail winds through Odette Sculpture Park, displaying various modern and post-modern sculptures from artists in
Essex CountyEssex County is a county and census division located in Southwestern Ontario and covers an area at the southernmost tip of Canada. The county seat is Windsor and the administrative seat is Essex...
. Families of elephants (see picture), penguins, horses, and many other themed sculptures are found in the park.
Culture and tourism
Windsor tourist attractions include
Caesars WindsorCaesars Windsor in Windsor, Ontario is one of four casinos in the Detroit-Windsor area. Owned by the government of the province of Ontario , it is operated by Harrah's Entertainment. Both the original Casino Windsor and the new expansion were designed by WZMH Architects...
, a lively downtown, Little Italy, the
Art Gallery of WindsorThe Art Gallery of Windsor is a not-for-profit art institute in Windsor, Ontario, Canada.Established in 1943, the gallery has a mandate as a public art space to show significant works of art by local, regional, and national artists...
, the
Odette Sculpture ParkThe Odette Sculpture Park is an open space in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, that shows 31 large-scale contemporary sculptures by world-renowned artists....
,and Ojibway Park, . Windsor was a major entry point into Canada for refugees from slavery via the
Underground RailroadThe Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th century Black slaves in the United States to escape to free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists who were sympathetic to their cause. The term is also applied to the abolitionists who aided the...
and a major source of liquor during American
ProhibitionProhibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, is a sumptuary law which prohibits alcohol. Typically, the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. The term can also apply to the periods in the histories of the countries...
. The Capital Theatre in downtown Windsor had been a venue for feature films, plays and other attractions since 1929, until it declared bankruptcy in 2007. As of 2009 the Capital Theatre was open, showcasing various features.
Windsor's nickname is the "Rose City" or the "City of Roses" and the city is noted for the several large parks and gardens found on its waterfront. The Queen Elizabeth II Sunken Garden is located at Jackson Park in the central part of the city. A World War II era
Avro LancasterThe Avro Lancaster was a British four-engined Second World War heavy bomber made initially by Avro for the Royal Air Force . It first saw active service in 1942, and together with the Handley Page Halifax it was one of the main heavy bombers of the RAF, the RCAF and squadrons from other...
was displayed on a stand in the middle of Jackson Park for over four decades but has since been removed for restoration. This park is now home to a mounted
SpitfireThe Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft used by the Royal Air Force and many other Allied countries through the Second World War. The Spitfire continued to be used into the 1950s both as a front line fighter and in secondary roles...
replica and a
HurricaneThe Hawker Hurricane is a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. Some production of the Hurricane was carried out in Canada by the Canada Car and Foundry Co Ltd....
replica.
Of the parks lining Windsor's waterfront, the largest is the 5 km (three mile) stretch overlooking the Detroit skyline. It extends from the
Ambassador BridgeThe Ambassador Bridge is a suspension bridge that connects Detroit, Michigan, in the United States, with Windsor, Ontario, in Canada. The bridge is owned by the Detroit International Bridge Co., which is controlled by Grosse Pointe billionaire Manuel "Matty" Moroun. The Detroit-Windsor Tunnel also...
to the
Hiram WalkerHiram Walker was an American grocer and distiller, and the eponym of the famous distillery in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Walker founded the distillery in 1858 in what was then Walkerville, Ontario. Walker was born July 4, 1816 in East Douglas, Massachusetts, and moved to Detroit in the mid-1830s...
Distillery. The western portion of the park contains the
Odette Sculpture ParkThe Odette Sculpture Park is an open space in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, that shows 31 large-scale contemporary sculptures by world-renowned artists....
which features over 30 large-scale contemporary sculptures for public viewing, along with the Canadian Vietnam Veterans Memorial. The central portion contains Dieppe Gardens, Civic Terrace and Festival Plaza, and the eastern portion is home to the
Bert WeeksAlbert H. "Bert" Weeks was the mayor of Windsor, Ontario, Canada, from 1975 to 1982. Previously, he had been a perennial candidate for the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and its successor, the New Democratic Party , in the Windsor area. He is remembered for advocating the beautification of...
Memorial Gardens. Further east along the waterfront is
Coventry GardensConventry Gardens is a park in Windsor, Ontario, Canada on Riverside Drive, in the Pillete Village. It contains the Charles Brooks Peace Fountain on the Detroit River which is mainly used in summer.-History:...
, across from Detroit's
Belle Isle-Places:In Canada:* Belle Isle , an island and straitIn England, UK:* Belle Isle, an area of Leeds, West Yorkshire* Belle Isle , island in Lake District, CumbriaIn the United States:...
. The focal point of this park is the
Charles BrooksCharles Brooks may refer to:* Charles Brooks , editorial cartoonist* Charles Brooks , Canadian activist* Charles Timothy Brooks , American poet and Unitarian minister...
Memorial Peace Fountain which floats in the Detroit River and has a coloured light display at night. The fountain is the largest of its kind in North America and symbolizes the peaceful relationship between Canada and the United States.
Each summer, Windsor co-hosts the two-week-long
Windsor-Detroit International Freedom FestivalThe International Freedom Festival is a multi-day celebration in early July marking American Independence Day on July 4 and Canada Day on July 1. Detroit, Michigan, USA and Windsor, Ontario, Canada jointly celebrate the multi-day festival which draws about 3.5 million visitors. The International...
, which culminates in a gigantic fireworks display that celebrates
Canada DayCanada Day , formerly Dominion Day , is Canada's national day, a federal statutory holiday celebrating the anniversary of the 1 July 1867 enactment of the British North America Act, which united Canada as a single country, which was in turn composed of four provinces...
and US Independence Day. The fireworks display is among the world's largest and is held on the final Wednesday in June over the Detroit River between the two downtowns. Each year, the event attracts over a million spectators to both sides of the riverfront.
Windsor has often been the place where many metro Detroiters find what is forbidden in the United States. With a minimum
legal drinking ageThe legal drinking age refers to the earliest age in a country that a person is legally allowed to buy alcoholic beverages, which may be different to the age at which they may be permitted to drink alcohol, especially in the privacy of their home...
of 21 in Michigan and 19 in Ontario, a number of 19 and 20-year-old Americans frequent Windsor's bars. The city also became a gaming attraction with
Caesars Windsor'sCaesars Windsor in Windsor, Ontario is one of four casinos in the Detroit-Windsor area. Owned by the government of the province of Ontario , it is operated by Harrah's Entertainment. Both the original Casino Windsor and the new expansion were designed by WZMH Architects...
opening in 1994, five years before casinos opened in Detroit. In addition, one can purchase Cuban cigars,
Cuban RumRum is a distilled beverage made from sugarcane by-products such as molasses and sugarcane juice by a process of fermentation and distillation. The distillate, a clear liquid, is then usually aged in oak and other barrels...
, less-costly prescription drugs,
AbsintheAbsinthe is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage. It is an anise-flavored spirit derived from herbs, including the flowers and leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium, commonly referred to as "grande wormwood". Absinthe traditionally has a natural green color but can...
, certain imported foods, and other items not available in the United States.
Media
Windsor is considered part of the Detroit television and radio market for purposes of territorial rights. Due to this fact, and its proximity to
ToledoToledo is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio within the Great Lakes Region and the county seat of Lucas County. Named after Toledo, Spain, it is located on the western end of Lake Erie, on the Michigan border. It is the principal city in the Toledo Metropolitan Statistical Area. In the 2000 census,...
and Cleveland, radio and television broadcasters in Windsor are accorded a special status by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, exempting them from many of the
Canadian contentCanadian content refers to the controversial Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission requirements that radio and television broadcasters must air a certain percentage of content that was at least partly written, produced, presented, or otherwise contributed to...
("CanCon") requirements most broadcasters in Canada are required to follow. The CanCon requirements are sometimes blamed in part for the decline in popularity of Windsor radio station CKLW, a 50,000 watt AM radio station that in the late 1960s (prior to the advent of CanCon) had been the top-rated radio station not only in Detroit and Windsor, but also in Toledo and Cleveland.
Windsor has also been exempt from
concentration of media ownershipConcentration of media ownership refers to the degree to which media ownership is .It is also a commonly used term that refers to view that the majority of the media outlets are owned by a small number of conglomerates and corporations...
rules. Although
Blackburn RadioBlackburn Radio is a Canadian radio broadcasting group, which owns several radio stations in Southwestern Ontario. The company is owned by 2061302 Ontario Limited, which is majority owned by Cogent Investments....
has a rebroadcaster of its Chatham station in Windsor and is scheduled to launch a new station in 2009, all of its current commercial media outlets are owned by a single company, CTVglobemedia.
The city is also home to one
campus radioCampus radio is a type of radio station that is run by the students of a college, university or other educational institution. Programming may be exclusively by students, or may include programmers from the wider community in which the station is based...
station,
CJAM-FMCJAM-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts at 99.1 FM in Windsor, Ontario. It is the campus radio station of the city's University of Windsor....
, situated on the
University of WindsorThe University of Windsor is a non-denominational, provincially-supported, coeducational, public comprehensive university in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's southernmost university. It has a student population of over 15,000 full-time and part-time undergraduate students and over 1000...
campus.
http://web2.uwindsor.ca/cjam/index2.html
Education
Windsor is home to the
University of WindsorThe University of Windsor is a non-denominational, provincially-supported, coeducational, public comprehensive university in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's southernmost university. It has a student population of over 15,000 full-time and part-time undergraduate students and over 1000...
, which is Canada's southernmost university. It is a research oriented, comprehensive university with a student population of over 15,000 full-time and part-time undergraduate students and over 1000 graduate students. The university is just east of the
Ambassador BridgeThe Ambassador Bridge is a suspension bridge that connects Detroit, Michigan, in the United States, with Windsor, Ontario, in Canada. The bridge is owned by the Detroit International Bridge Co., which is controlled by Grosse Pointe billionaire Manuel "Matty" Moroun. The Detroit-Windsor Tunnel also...
, south of the Detroit River. Windsor is also home to
St. Clair CollegeSt. Clair College of Applied Arts and Technology is a college in the southwestern Ontario counties of Essex and Chatham-Kent.-Campus:Its main administration and largest campus sites are in Windsor, Canada. In addition, other campuses are located in Chatham and Wallaceburg. In 2007, St...
with a student population of 6500 full-time students. Its main campus is in Windsor, and it also has campuses in Chatham and Wallaceburg. In 2007, St. Clair College opened a satellite campus in downtown Windsor in the former Cleary International Centre.
Windsor is home to two International Baccalaureate recognized schools:
Assumption College SchoolAssumption College Catholic High School is an International Baccalaureate authorized catholic high school in Windsor, Ontario.- History :Assumption was founded by the Basilian Fathers in 1870 as part of Assumption University, which is now part of the University of Windsor...
(a Catholic high school) and Académie Ste. Cécile International School (a private school). Massey Secondary School is renowned in Southern Ontario for its notable accomplishments in mathematics.
Windsor youth attend schools in the
Greater Essex County District School BoardThe Greater Essex County District School Board was created on January 1, 1998 with the amalgamation of the Windsor Board Of Education and the Essex County Board of Education...
, the
Windsor-Essex Catholic District School BoardThe Windsor-Essex Catholic District School Board oversees Catholic education in Windsor and the surrounding County of Essex, in Ontario, Canada...
, Conseil scolaire de district des écoles catholiques du Sud-Ouest and Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest. Independent faith-based schools include Maranatha Christian Academy (JK-12), First Lutheran Christian Academy (preschool-8), and Académie Ste. Cécile International School (JK-12, including International Baccalaureate), and Windsor Adventist Elementary School. The non-denominational Lakeview Montessori School is a private school as well.
The
Windsor Public LibraryWindsor Public Library is a library in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It has ten branches and serves the city of Windsor through Children's, Young Adult, and Adult programs, services and collections...
offers education, entertainment and community history materials, programs and services. The main branch coordinates a
literacyLiteracy is a concept claimed and defined by a range of different theoretical fields. In everyday terms, "literacy" is typically described as the ability to read and write...
program for adults needing functional literacy upgrading.
The Canada South Science City serves the Elementary School Curriculum’s Science and Technology component.
Health systems
There are two hospitals in Windsor: Hôtel-Dieu Grace Hospital and Windsor Regional Hospital. Hôtel-Dieu Grace is the result of an amalgamation of Grace Hospital and Hôtel-Dieu in 1994. The merger occurred due to the
Government of OntarioThe Government of Ontario refers to the provincial government of the province of Ontario. Its powers and structure are set out in the Constitution Act, 1867....
's province-wide policy to consolidate resources into Local Health Integrated Networks, or LHINs, which aimed to eliminate duplicate services and allocate resources more efficiently and regionally. This policy resulted in the eventual closure of many community-based and historically important hospitals across the province. Accordingly, two of Windsor's independent hospitals - Metropolitan General Hospital on Lens Ave and Windsor Western Hospital on Prince Road were joined to form Windsor Regional Hospital. The original hospital sites remain but are administratively centralized through the new collective structure.
Windsor hospitals have formal and informal agreements with Detroit area hospitals. For instance, pediatric
neurosurgeryNeurosurgery is the surgery discipline focused on treating the central nervous system, peripheral nervous systems and spinal column diseases amenable to surgical intervention....
is no longer performed in Windsor;
The Windsor Star reported in July 2007 that Hôtel-Dieu Grace has formally instituted an agreement with Detroit's
Harper HospitalHarper University Hospital is one of eight hospitals and institutes that compose the Detroit Medical Center. Harper offers services in a broad range of clinical areas, including cardiology, neurology, neurosurgery, organ transplant, plastic surgery, general surgery, bariatric endocrinology and...
to provide this specialty and surgery for the dozen patients requiring care annually. Leamington District Memorial Hospital in
Leamington, OntarioLeamington is a municipality in Essex County, Ontario and has a population of 31,113. It is located near Point Pelee. In 2006, Leamington was named Canada's best place to live by MoneySense magazine. It has a large H. J. Heinz Company factory and is known as the "Tomato Capital of Canada",...
serves much of
Essex CountyEssex County is a county and census division located in Southwestern Ontario and covers an area at the southernmost tip of Canada. The county seat is Windsor and the administrative seat is Essex...
and, along with the Windsor institutions, share resources with the
Chatham-KentThe Municipality of Chatham-Kent is a city-status single-tier municipal government in Southern Ontario, Canada. The municipality is mainly rural and agricultural, with industry in the larger urban areas.-History:...
Health Alliance.
The Essex County Medical Society lists family doctors accepting patients. Many people who do not seek a family doctor use the region's many walk-in clinics for regular medical conditions.
Transportation
- See also: Roads in Windsor, Ontario
The road network in Windsor, Ontario is a grid system with elongated blocks, generally aligned with the Detroit River, with East-West roads running parallel to it, and North-South streets running perpendicular to it. This is an adoption from when French Canadian settlers first built farms and...
, and Bike trails in Windsor, Ontario.
Windsor is the western terminus of both
Highway 401The King's Highway 401 is a highway that extends across Southern Ontario, Canada. It is the longest 400-Series Highway in Ontario, and one of the widest and busiest highways in the world. In fact, the segment of Highway 401 passing through Toronto has the distinction of being North America's...
, Canada's busiest highway, and
VIA RailVIA Rail Canada is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail services in Canada....
's
Quebec City-Windsor CorridorThe Quebec City–Windsor Corridor is the most densely-populated and heavily-industrialised region of Canada. With over 17 million people , it contained 56.8% of the Canadian population and three of the four largest metropolitan areas in the country...
.
The city is served by
Windsor AirportWindsor Airport, , is located in the southeast portion of the city of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The airport serves a mixture of scheduled airline flights and general aviation, and is a popular point of entry into Canada for private and business aircraft...
with regular, scheduled commuter air service by Air Canada Jazz and heavy
general aviationGeneral aviation is one of two categories of civil aviation. It refers to all flights other than military and scheduled airline flights, both private and commercial. General aviation flights range from gliders and powered parachutes to large, non-scheduled cargo jet flights...
traffic. The
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County AirportDetroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport , sometimes called Detroit Metro Airport, Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Detroit Metro Wayne Airport, Metro Airport, or simply DTW, is a major international airport in Romulus, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It is Michigan's busiest airport.Detroit is the...
is located approximately 40 km across the border in
Romulus, MichiganRomulus is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 22,979 at the 2000 census and was estimated to be 24,269 for the 2007 census estimate. Romulus is home to Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, a General Motors plant which opened in 1976, and is also the...
and is the airport of choice for many Windsor residents as it has regular flights to a larger variety of destinations than Windsor Airport. Windsor is also located on the St. Lawrence Seaway, and is accessible to ocean-going vessels.
Local transportation is provided by
Transit WindsorTransit Windsor is a company that provides public transportation in the city of Windsor, Ontario. Transit Windsor provides transportation to more than 6 million passengers each year, covering an area of and a population of 218,000....
, the city-owned bus company, which shares its newly-constructed $8-million downtown depot with
Greyhound LinesGreyhound Lines, Inc., based in Dallas, Texas, USA, is an intercity common carrier of passengers by bus serving over 3,700 destinations in the United States and Canada, operating under the well-known logo of a leaping greyhound. It was founded in Hibbing, Minnesota, USA, in 1914 and incorporated...
. The new depot opened in 2007.
Windsor has a municipal highway, E.C. Row Expressway, running east-west through the city. Consisting of of highway and nine interchanges, the expressway is the fastest way for commuters to travel across the city. E.C. Row Expressway is actually in the Guinness Book of Records as the shortest freeway that took the longest time to build as it took more than 15 years to complete. The expressway stretches from Windsor's far west end at
Ojibway ParkwayOjibway Parkway is a very busy arterial road on the far west side of Windsor, Ontario. The road travels by the Windsor Raceway, and by the Ojibway Park and Black Oak Heritage Park areas, giving it a unique rural-industrial look...
east to Banwell Road on the city's border with Tecumseh.
The majority of development in Windsor stretches along the water instead of in-land. Due to this, there is a lack of east-west arteries compared to north-south arteries. Only
Riverside DriveRiverside Drive is one of the main roads in Windsor, Ontario, travelling along the Detroit River, between its riverfront parks and high-rise office towers and apartment buildings. The road travels through Downtown, and towards the east end...
, Wyandotte Street, Tecumseh Road and the E.C. Row Expressway serve the almost from the west end of Windsor eastward. All of these roads are burdened with east-west commuter traffic from the development in the city's east end and suburbs further east.
There are eight north-south roads interchanging with the expressway:
Huron Church RoadHuron Church Road is a principal arterial road in Windsor, Ontario and is among the busiest roads in all of Canada, serving the world's busiest border crossing, the Ambassador Bridge. The road is a divided highway, but has residential and office accesses, and intersections...
, Dominion Boulevard, Dougall Avenue,
Howard AvenueHoward Avenue is one of Windsor, Ontario, Canada's main north-south arterial roads, serving Casino Windsor, downtown Windsor, and Devonshire Mall, before leading into Essex County...
,
Walker RoadWalker Road was one of the busiest roads in Windsor, Ontario before the road closure. It has an average annual daily traffic level of 32,000 cars per day at the CP Rail crossing.- History :The road is named after Hiram Walker, distillery baron...
, Central Avenue, Jefferson Boulevard, and Lauzon Parkway. Traffic backups on some of these north-south roads at the E.C. Row Expressway are common, mainly at Dominion, Dougall, Howard, and Walker as the land south of the expressway and east of Walker is occupied by Windsor airport and there is little development.
Windsor's many rail crossings intersect with these north-south thoroughfares. In October 2008, the Province of Ontario completed a grade separation at Walker Road and the CP Rail line. Another grade separation is currently under review at Howard Avenue and the CP Rail line. In both cases, the road will travel under the rail line and both will have below grade intersections with an east-west street. These plans are both parts of the "Let's Get Windsor-Essex Moving" project funded by the Province of Ontario to improve local transportation infrastructure.
Windsor is connected to
EssexEssex is a town with a population of 20,032 in Essex County in southwestern Ontario, Canada, whose municipal borders extend to Lake Erie. Essex is also the name of the largest community within the municipality. The present mayor is Ron McDermott...
and
LeamingtonLeamington is a municipality in Essex County, Ontario and has a population of 31,113. It is located near Point Pelee. In 2006, Leamington was named Canada's best place to live by MoneySense magazine. It has a large H. J. Heinz Company factory and is known as the "Tomato Capital of Canada",...
via
Highway 3Highway 3 is a provincially maintained highway in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It has three segments, and it currently runs from the Ambassador Bridge in Windsor to Highway 77 in Leamington, from Talbotville Royal Highway 3 is a provincially maintained highway in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It...
, and is well connected to the other municipalities and communities throughout Essex County via the county road network. Nearly 17,000 vehicles travel on Highway 3 in Essex County on a daily basis. It is the main route to work for many residents of Leamington, Kingsville and Essex.
Windsor is linked to the United States by the
Ambassador BridgeThe Ambassador Bridge is a suspension bridge that connects Detroit, Michigan, in the United States, with Windsor, Ontario, in Canada. The bridge is owned by the Detroit International Bridge Co., which is controlled by Grosse Pointe billionaire Manuel "Matty" Moroun. The Detroit-Windsor Tunnel also...
, the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, a
Canadian Pacific RailwayThe Canadian Pacific Railway , known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a Canadian Class I railway operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited. Its rail network stretches from Vancouver to Montreal, and also serves major cities in the United States such as Minneapolis, Chicago, and New York City...
tunnelThe Michigan Central Railway Tunnel is a railroad tunnel under the Detroit River connecting Detroit, Michigan, USA with Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It was built by the Detroit River Tunnel Company for the Canada Southern Railway, leased by the Michigan Central Railroad and owned by the New York...
, and the
Detroit-Windsor Truck FerryThe Detroit-Windsor Truck Ferry is a ferry service that has been shuttling cars and trucks across the Detroit River for over 100 years.The ferry currently accepts only trucks...
. The Ambassador Bridge is North America's #1 international border crossing in terms of goods volume: 27% of all trade between Canada and the United States crosses at the Ambassador Bridge.
Windsor has a bike trail network including the (
Riverfront Bike TrailThe Riverfront Bike Trail is Windsor's Crown Jewel, and the current backbone of the "Windsor Trail" bike trail network. The bike trail travels from the foot of the Ambassador Bridge , to traffic lights at Riverside Drive and Lincoln Avenue The Riverfront Bike Trail is Windsor's Crown Jewel, and the...
, Ganatchio Bike Trail, and
Little River ExtensionThe Little River Extension is one of Windsor's newest trails, having been built in 1996. The trail is used mainly as a link between the large subdivision of Forest Glade, to Ganatchio Trail, Sandpoint Beach, Stop 26 Beach, and Lakeview Park And Marina...
). They have become a blend of parkland and transportation, as people use the trails to commute to work or across downtown on their bicycles.
The Port of Windsor is located on the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway System, on the Detroit River. The port is the third largest Canadian Great Lakes port in terms of shipments.
Ambassador Bridge and potential third crossing
A major and controversial issue is the amount of traffic to and from the Ambassador Bridge. The number of vehicles crossing the bridge has doubled since 1990. However, the total volume of traffic has been declining since the September 11, 2001 attacks.
Access to the Ambassador Bridge is via two municipal roads:
Huron Church RoadHuron Church Road is a principal arterial road in Windsor, Ontario and is among the busiest roads in all of Canada, serving the world's busiest border crossing, the Ambassador Bridge. The road is a divided highway, but has residential and office accesses, and intersections...
and Wyandotte Street. A large portion of the traffic consists of tractor-trailers. There have been at times a wall of trucks up to long on
Huron Church RoadHuron Church Road is a principal arterial road in Windsor, Ontario and is among the busiest roads in all of Canada, serving the world's busiest border crossing, the Ambassador Bridge. The road is a divided highway, but has residential and office accesses, and intersections...
. This road cuts through the west end of the city and the trucks are the source of many complaints about noise, pollution and pedestrian hazards. In 2003, a single mother of three, Jacqueline Bouchard, was struck and killed by a truck at the corner of Huron Church and Girardot Avenue in front of
Assumption College Catholic High SchoolAssumption College Catholic High School is an International Baccalaureate authorized catholic high school in Windsor, Ontario.- History :Assumption was founded by the Basilian Fathers in 1870 as part of Assumption University, which is now part of the University of Windsor...
, a tragedy argued to be due to a lack of practical safety precautions.
Windsor City Council hired famous traffic consultant
Sam SchwartzSamuel I. Schwartz, a.k.a. Gridlock Sam, is one of the leading transportation engineers in the United States, and is widely believed to be the man responsible for popularizing the phrase gridlock. Educated at Brooklyn College and the University of Pennsylvania, he originally worked as a cabbie...
to produce a proposal for a solution to this traffic problem. City councillors overwhelmingly endorsed the proposal and it was presented to the federal government as a "Made in Windsor" solution. Not all of the surrounding residents supported the plan. One problem with the plan is that the proposed road would cut through protected green spaces such as the Ojibway Prairie Reserve.
In 2005, the Detroit River International Crossing (DRIC - a joint Canadian-American committee studying the options for expanding the border crossing) announced that its preferred option was to directly extend Highway 401 westward to a new bridge or tunnel across the Detroit River and interchange with
Interstate 75Interstate 75 is a major north-south Interstate Highway in the midwest and southeastern United States. It travels from State Road 826 and State Road 924 in Hialeah, Florida to Sault Ste...
somewhere between the existing Ambassador Bridge span and
WyandotteWyandotte is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 28,006 at the 2000 census. The Population percent change from 1990 to 2000 was a -9.0% showing a slightly decreasing population...
. The exact route of this new highway connection has not yet been determined.
On February 8, 2008, the
OntarioOntario is a province located in east-central Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area. Ontario is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba to the west and Quebec to the east, and 5 U.S...
Ministry of TransportationThe Ministry of Transportation of Ontario is an Ontario government ministry responsible for transport infrastructure and law in the Canadian province of Ontario.-Role and responsibilities:The ministry is responsible for:...
announced it was beginning to buy properties along the Huron Church/Highway 3 corridor for the future extension of Highway 401, now called the Windsor-Essex Parkway. In May 2008, a list of practical alternatives was released by DRIC. The preferred alternative was a below-grade road with surface service roads. A series of short tunnels or land bridges plus berms and walls were incorporated to mitigate noise and environmental impacts. The City of Windsor released its own alternative called Greenlink that consists of much longer tunnels and more surface green space, which the city believes is a better alternative in terms of mitigating environmental impacts on the surrounding area. On November 12, 2008, the Draft Environmental Assessment (EA) report was released and City Council is currently considering its options.
Sister cities
Windsor has several sister cities in the world - dates are in parentheses:
ChangchunChangchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the center of the Songliao Plain. It is a sub-provincial city. The name originated from the Jurchen language. As of 2007, Changchun has a population of 7.46 million,...
,
ChinaChina is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
(1992)
CoventryCoventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham with a population of 300,848...
,
U.K.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
(1963)
Fujisawais a city located in Kanagawa, Japan.The population of Fujisawa has been gradually rising, in line with other popular commuter cities in Kanagawa that feed Yokohama and Tokyo. As of 2005, the city had an estimated population of 394,990 and a density of 5,682.49 persons per km²...
,
Japanis an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
(1987)
Granby, QuebecGranby is a city in southwestern Quebec, located east of Montreal. The population as of the Canada 2006 Census was 47,637. Granby is the seat of La Haute-Yamaska Regional County Municipality. It is the fifth most populated city in Montérégie after Longueuil, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Brossard and...
,
CanadaCanada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
(1956)
GunsanGunsan is a city in North Jeolla Province, South Korea. It is located on the south bank of the Geum River just upstream from its exit into the Yellow Sea. Gunsan is served by frequent railway service on the Gunsan Line from Iksan. It is also connected to the Seohaean Expressway.Kunsan Air Base...
,
South KoreaSouth Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often simply referred to as Korea, is a country in East Asia, located on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul, the second largest...
(2005)
LublinLublin is the ninth largest city in Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 350,462 . Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula river...
,
PolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe . Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
(2000)
MannheimMannheim is a city in Germany. With 327,318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart....
,
GermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
(1980)
Las VueltasLas Vueltas is a municipality in the Chalatenango Department in the North of El Salvador.Las Vueltas is bordered to the north by Ojos de Agua; to the east by Las Flores; to the south by Chalatenango; and to the northeast by Concepción Quezaltepeque. The territory covers 36.83 km² In 2005 the...
,
El SalvadorEl Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America. It borders the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras. It lies on the Gulf of Fonseca, as does Nicaragua further south. It has a population of approximately 5.7 million people as of 2009 on...
(1987)
OhridOhrid is a city on the eastern shore of Lake Ohrid in the Republic of Macedonia. It has about 42,000 inhabitants, making it the seventh largest city in the country. The city is the seat of Ohrid Municipality. Ohrid is notable for having once 365 churches, one for each day of the year and has been...
, Macedonia
Saint-ÉtienneSaint-Étienne is a city in eastern central France.It lies 60 km southwest of Lyon in the Rhône-Alpes region and is the capital of the Loire département. It is situated in the Massif Central.-Geography:...
,
FranceFrance , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...
(1963)
SaltilloSaltillo is the capital city of the northeastern Mexican state of Coahuila and the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name. The city is located at 400km south of the U.S...
,
MexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
UdineUdine is a city in northeastern Italy, in the middle of Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic sea and the Alps , less than 40 km from the Slovenian border. Its population was 99,030 in 2008, and that of its urban area was 174,000.- History :Udine is the historical capital of Friuli...
,
ItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern, Alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia...
(1975)
Windsor also has a very close relationship with fellow Motor City:
Detroit, MichiganDetroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Wayne County. Detroit is a major port city on the Detroit River, in the Midwest region of the United States. Located north of Windsor, Ontario, Detroit is the only major U.S. city that looks south to Canada. It was founded...
Sports teams
Windsor's sports fans tend to support the major professional sports league teams in either
DetroitDetroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Wayne County. Detroit is a major port city on the Detroit River, in the Midwest region of the United States. Located north of Windsor, Ontario, Detroit is the only major U.S. city that looks south to Canada. It was founded...
or
TorontoToronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth most populous municipality in North America...
, but the city itself is home to the following youth, minor league, post-secondary and professional teams. Many Windsor sports teams at the amateur level are sponsored by the
AKO FraternityAKO Fraternity, is a sports-focused service fraternity in Ontario, Canada, that was formed in 1929 in Windsor, Ontario.- History :...
.
- Windsor Spitfires
The Windsor Spitfires are a junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. The team is based in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The franchise was granted for the 1975–76 season and revived a previous OHA Jr. A Spitfires team which moved to become the Hamilton Tiger Cubs in 1953...
(Ontario Hockey LeagueThe Ontario Hockey League is one of the three Major Junior ice hockey leagues which constitute the Canadian Hockey League. The league is for players aged 15-20.The OHL also operates under the Ontario Hockey Federation of Hockey Canada....
Major Junior "A" 2009 Memorial Cup Champions)
- Windsor AKO Fratmen (Ontario Lacrosse Association Junior "B"
The OLA Junior B Lacrosse League is a box lacrosse league sanctioned by the Ontario Lacrosse Association in Ontario, Canada.-History:The Junior "B" level of the Ontario Lacrosse Association has been around since at least 1964...
)
- Windsor AKO Fratmen
The Windsor AKO Fratmen Football Team is a Canadian Football team out of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The team has played out of the Canadian Junior Football League since the 1940s and won national titles in 1952, 1954, and 1999. The Fratmen have played at Fratmen Field at Windsor Stadium since 1953...
(Canadian Junior Football LeagueThe Canadian Junior Football League is a national amateur Canadian football league consisting of 19 teams playing in six provinces across Canada. The teams compete annually for the Canadian Bowl...
)
- Windsor Border Stars
Border Stars, also known as Windsor Border Stars, was a professional Canadian soccer team, founded in 2004. The team was a member of the Canadian Soccer League, the highest level soccer league in Canada, and played in the National Division....
(Canadian Soccer LeagueThe Canadian Soccer League is the top soccer league in Canada and is sanctioned by the Ontario Soccer Association. . It was formerly known as the Canadian Professional Soccer League , and was officially re-branded on May 17, 2006...
)
- Windsor Lancers
The Windsor Lancers are the varsity athletic teams that represent the University of Windsor in Windsor, Ontario, Canada.The Lancers compete in Ontario University Athletics as part of Canadian Interuniversity Sport ....
(Canadian Interuniversity SportCanadian Interuniversity Sport is the national governing body of university sport in Canada, comprising the majority of degree granting universities in the country. Its equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is The Canadian Colleges Athletic Association...
)
- St. Clair Saints (Canadian Colleges Athletic Association
The Canadian Colleges Athletic Association is the national governing body for organized sports at colleges in Canada. Its equivalent body for governing sports at Canadian universities is Canadian Interuniversity Sport. Some institutions are members of both bodies for different sports. It was...
)
- Windsor Rogues Rugby'(Ontario Rugby Union (ORU))
- Windsor FC Nationals (Ontario Youth Soccer League)(Western Ontario Youth Soccer League)
- Windsor Fight Team (Mixed Martial Arts
Mixed martial arts is a full contact combat sport that allows a wide variety of fighting techniques, from a mixture of martial arts traditions and non-traditions, to be used in competitions. The rules allow the use of striking and grappling techniques, both while standing and on the ground...
)
In addition to these teams, Windsor has been lobbying for a
Canadian Football LeagueThe Canadian Football League or CFL is a professional sports league located entirely in Canada.Its eight teams, which are located in eight cities, are divided into two divisions of four teams each . The league's nineteen-week regular season runs from mid-June to early November. Each team plays...
franchise. This franchise (if awarded) would play its regular-season home games in Windsor and possibly their playoff games in
PontiacPontiac is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan named after the Ottawa Chief Pontiac. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 66,337. It is the county seat of Oakland County...
, a suburb of
DetroitDetroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Wayne County. Detroit is a major port city on the Detroit River, in the Midwest region of the United States. Located north of Windsor, Ontario, Detroit is the only major U.S. city that looks south to Canada. It was founded...
. Former CFL commissioner
Tom WrightThomas E.S. Wright, BPE, MBA is the former Commissioner of the Canadian Football League. He was appointed the 11th commissioner of the CFL on November 2, 2002. Wright attended Upper Canada College, the University of Toronto and York University...
met with Windsor
mayor"Mayor" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government....
Eddie FrancisEddie Francis is a Canadian politician, currently serving as mayor of Windsor, Ontario. He was 29 years old when he was elected mayor in 2003, the youngest mayor in Windsor's history and one of the youngest mayors ever elected in Canada...
about possible expansion to Windsor prior to
Super Bowl XLSuper Bowl XL was an American football game pitting the American Football Conference champion Pittsburgh Steelers against the National Football Conference champion Seattle Seahawks to decide the National Football League champion for the 2005 season...
(in which Windsor played a major role although the game itself was held in Detroit). Shortly thereafter, local media criticized this as an unrealistic pipe dream.
Former teams
- Windsor Bulldogs
The Windsor Bulldogs are a defunct Canadian semi-professional and amateur senior ice hockey team. The team played in the City of Windsor, Ontario, Canada and participated in the International Hockey League and the OHA Senior A Hockey League prior to the IHL....
(OHA Senior A Hockey League) 1953-1964, won 1963 Allan CupThe Allan Cup is the trophy awarded to the national senior amateur men’s ice hockey champions of Canada. The trophy was donated in 1909 by Sir H...
)
- Windsor St. Clair Saints
The Windsor St. Clair Saints were a Senior "AAA" ice hockey team based in St. Clair College in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. They joined the Ontario Hockey Association's Major League Hockey in 2006, only to leave in 2008.-History:The St...
(Major League HockeyMajor League Hockey is the top tier Canadian Senior ice hockey league in the province of Ontario. The league plays in the Southern Ontario. As a member of the Ontario Hockey Association and Hockey Canada, the league contends for the famed Allan Cup...
Senior "AAA"/CCAA)
- Windsor Royals/Bulldogs
The LaSalle Vipers are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in LaSalle, Ontario, Canada. They play in the Western division of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League.-History:...
(Western Ontario Hockey League) now known as LaSalle Vipers
- Windsor Bulldogs (Canadian Professional Hockey League
The Canadian Professional Hockey League, also known as Canpro, was a minor professional hockey league founded in 1926. After three seasons, it became the International Hockey League in 1929...
) 1920s and 1930s
- Windsor Hornets (Canadian Professional Hockey League) 1920s
- Windsor Gotfredsons
The Windsor Gotfredsons were a minor league professional ice hockey team and one of the four founding members of the International Hockey League in 1945. The team was based in Windsor, Ontario and played at the Windsor Arena. After one season, they became known as the Windsor Staffords, and two...
(International Hockey League) 1940s
- Windsor Spitfires (International Hockey League) 1940s
- Windsor Warlocks (Major Series Lacrosse
Major Series Lacrosse is a Senior A box lacrosse league based out of Ontario, Canada sanctioned by the Ontario Lacrosse Association. Most of the players in the league play or have played in the National Lacrosse League. Each year, the playoff teams battle for the right to compete against the...
) 2004
- Windsor Clippers (OLA Senior B Lacrosse League
The OLA Senior B Lacrosse League is a box lacrosse league based out of Ontario, Canada sanctioned by the Ontario Lacrosse Association. Many of the players in the league play or have played in the National Lacrosse League...
) 1960s
- Windsor Warlocks (OLA Junior A Lacrosse League
The OLA Junior A Lacrosse League is a box lacrosse league in Ontario, Canada sanctioned by the Ontario Lacrosse Association. The playoff champion moves on to compete for the National Championship -- the Minto Cup.-The Teams:-Playoff Champions:...
) 1970s
- Windsor Mariners (Ontario Australian Football League
The Ontario Australian Football League is the largest Australian Football league in North America. It is currently composed of teams from the Greater Toronto Area, Southwestern Ontario and the National Capital Region, who play off for the Conacher Cup , presently awarded to the winner of the annual...
) 2000s
See also
- Caesars Windsor
Caesars Windsor in Windsor, Ontario is one of four casinos in the Detroit-Windsor area. Owned by the government of the province of Ontario , it is operated by Harrah's Entertainment. Both the original Casino Windsor and the new expansion were designed by WZMH Architects...
- Detroit, Michigan
Detroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Wayne County. Detroit is a major port city on the Detroit River, in the Midwest region of the United States. Located north of Windsor, Ontario, Detroit is the only major U.S. city that looks south to Canada. It was founded...
- Metro Detroit
The Detroit metropolitan area, often referred to as Metro Detroit, is the metropolitan area located in Southeast Michigan centered on the city of Detroit. As the home of the "Big Three" American automakers , it is the world's traditional automotive center and a key pillar of the U.S...
- University of Windsor
The University of Windsor is a non-denominational, provincially-supported, coeducational, public comprehensive university in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's southernmost university. It has a student population of over 15,000 full-time and part-time undergraduate students and over 1000...
- Windsor-Detroit
The Detroit-Windsor region is an international urban area centered around the American city of Detroit, Michigan, and the Canadian city of Windsor, Ontario. The Detroit-Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada-U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000...
- Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival
The International Freedom Festival is a multi-day celebration in early July marking American Independence Day on July 4 and Canada Day on July 1. Detroit, Michigan, USA and Windsor, Ontario, Canada jointly celebrate the multi-day festival which draws about 3.5 million visitors. The International...
- Windsor - Tecumseh, Ontario Tornado of 1946
The Windsor–Tecumseh Tornado of 1946 was the most powerful tornado to hit Windsor, Ontario, being an F4 in strength, touching down on June 17 of that year...
- Super Outbreak
- Southeast Michigan Tornado Outbreak
The Southeast Michigan Tornado Outbreak occurred on July 2, 1997 in the built-up area of Detroit, Michigan. There were 13 tornadoes in total, 3 dragged through neighborhoods and downtown, hitting northern Detroit between I-96 and Eight Mile Road, Hamtramck and Highland Park. The storms killed 7,...
- WFCU Centre
The WFCU Centre is a sports-entertainment centre in Windsor, Ontario, Canada.It opened on December 11, 2008, and it is named after the Windsor Family Credit Union, a Windsor, Ontario-based financial institution...
External links