Elder
William Brewster (c. 1566 - April 10, 1644), was a
PilgrimPilgrims , or Pilgrim Fathers , is a name commonly applied to early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts. Their leadership came from a religious congregation who had fled a volatile political environment in the East Midlands of England for the relative calm &...
colonist leader and preacher who came from
ScroobyScrooby is a small village, on the River Ryton and near Bawtry, in the northern part of the English county of Nottinghamshire. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 329. Until 1766, it was on the Great North Road so became a stopping-off point for numerous important figures...
, in north
NottinghamshireNottinghamshire is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire...
and reached what became the
Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691. The first settlement was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement, which served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts...
in the
MayflowerThe Mayflower was the famous ship that transported the English Separatists, better known as the Pilgrims, from Southampton, England, to Plymouth, Massachusetts , in 1620...
in 1620. He was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons, Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster. Son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship
Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fear arrived in July 1623 aboard the
Anne.
He was the son of William Brewster and Mary Smyth and he had a number of half-siblings.
Elder
William Brewster (c. 1566 - April 10, 1644), was a
PilgrimPilgrims , or Pilgrim Fathers , is a name commonly applied to early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts. Their leadership came from a religious congregation who had fled a volatile political environment in the East Midlands of England for the relative calm &...
colonist leader and preacher who came from
ScroobyScrooby is a small village, on the River Ryton and near Bawtry, in the northern part of the English county of Nottinghamshire. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 329. Until 1766, it was on the Great North Road so became a stopping-off point for numerous important figures...
, in north
NottinghamshireNottinghamshire is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire...
and reached what became the
Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691. The first settlement was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement, which served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts...
in the
MayflowerThe Mayflower was the famous ship that transported the English Separatists, better known as the Pilgrims, from Southampton, England, to Plymouth, Massachusetts , in 1620...
in 1620. He was accompanied by his wife, Mary Brewster, and his sons, Love Brewster and Wrestling Brewster. Son Jonathan joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship
Fortune, and daughters Patience and Fear arrived in July 1623 aboard the
Anne.
Origins
He was the son of William Brewster and Mary Smyth and he had a number of half-siblings. His paternal grandparents were William Brewster and Maud Mann. His maternal grandfather was Thomas Smyth. Brewster may have been born in
DoncasterDoncaster is a large town in South Yorkshire, England, and the principal settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. The town is located about from Sheffield and is popularly referred to as "Donny"...
.
Scrooby Manor was in the possession of the Archbishops of York. Brewster's father, William senior, had been the estate bailiff for the archbishop for thirty-one years from around 1580. With this post went that of
postmasterA postmaster is the head of an individual post office. Postmistress is not used anymore in the United States, as the "master" component of the word refers to a person of authority and has no gender quality...
, which was a more important one than it might have been in a village not situated on the Great North Road, as Scrooby was then.
William Junior studied briefly at
PeterhousePeterhouse is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It is the oldest college of the University, having been founded in 1284 by Hugo de Balsham, Bishop of Ely...
,
CambridgeThe University of Cambridge , located in the City of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, is the second oldest university in the English-speaking world and the fourth oldest in Europe...
before entering the service of William Davidson in 1584. In 1585, Davidson went to the
NetherlandsThe Netherlands is a country in Northwestern Europe, constituting the major portion of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east...
to negotiate an alliance with the States-General. In 1586, Davidson was appointed assistant to
Queen Elizabeth'sElizabeth I was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty...
Secretary of State Francis Walsingham, but in 1587 Davidson lost the favour of Elizabeth, after the beheading of her cousin (once removed)
Mary, Queen of ScotsMary I was Queen of Scots from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567. She was the only surviving legitimate child of King James V. She was six days old when her father died and made her Queen of Scots...
.
Dissent
Cambridge was a centre of thought concerning religious reformism, but Brewster's time in the Netherlands, in connection with Davidson's work, gave him opportunity to hear and see more of reformed religion. While, earlier in the sixteenth century, reformers had hoped to amend the Anglican church, by the end of it, many were looking toward splitting from it. (See
BrownistThe Brownists were followers of Robert Browne who was born at Tolethorpe Hall in Rutland, England in about 1550.-Origins:There had been early advocates of a congregational form of organization for the Church of England, in the time of Henry VIII...
).
On Davidson's disgrace, Brewster returned to Scrooby. There, from 1590 to 1607, he held the position of postmaster. As such he was responsible for the provision of stage horses for the mails, having previously, for a short time, assisted his father in that office. By the 1590s, Brewster's brother, James, was a rather rebellious Anglican priest, vicar of the parish of Sutton
cum Lound, in Nottinghamshire. From 1594, it fell to James to appoint curates to Scrooby church so that Brewster, James and leading members of the Scrooby congregation were brought before the ecclesiastical court for their dissent. They were set on a path of separation from the Anglican Church. From about 1602, Scrooby Manor, Brewster's home, became a meeting place for the dissenting Puritans. In 1606, they formed the Separatist Church of Scrooby.
Emigration
Restrictions and pressures applied by the authorities convinced the congregation of a need to emigrate to the more sympathetic atmosphere of
HollandRotterdam
The Hague
Haarlem
Dordrecht |} Holland is a name in common usage given to a region in the western part of the Netherlands. The name 'Holland' is also often informally used to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands...
, but leaving
EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
without permission was illegal at the time, so that departure was a complex matter. On its first attempt, in 1607, the group was arrested at
Scotia CreekThe Pilgrim Fathers Memorial, located on the north bank of The Haven at the site of the former Scotia Creek, Fishtoft, seaward of Boston in Lincolnshire, England is a small granite obelisk mounted on a granite block...
, but in 1608 Brewster and others were successful in leaving from
The HumberThe Humber is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal River Ouse and the tidal River Trent. From here to the North Sea, it forms part of the boundary between the East Riding of Yorkshire on the north bank...
. In 1609, he was selected as ruling elder of the congregation.
Initially, the Pilgrams settled in Amsterdam, and worshipped with the Ancient Church of
Francis JohnsonFrancis Johnson was an English presbyterian separatist minister, pastor to an English exile congregation in the Netherlands.-Early life:...
and
Henry Ainsworth-Life:He was born of a farming family of Swanton Morley, Norfolk. He was educated at Caius College, Cambridge, and, after associating with the Puritan party in the Church, eventually joined the Separatists....
. Offput by the bickering between the two, though (which ultimately resulted in a division of the Church), the Pilgrims left Amsterdam and moved to Leiden, after only a year.
In
LeidenLeiden is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands and has 118,000 inhabitants. It forms a single urban area with Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten, Valkenburg, Rijnsburg and Katwijk, with 254,000 inhabitants. It is located on the Old Rhine, close to the cities...
, the group managed to make a living. Brewster taught English and later, in 1616-1619, printed and published religious books for sale in England though they were proscribed there, as the partner of one Thomas Brewer. In 1619, the printing type was seized by the authorities under pressure from the English ambassador Sir Dudley Carleton and Brewster's partner was arrested. Brewster escaped and, with the help of Robert Cushman, obtained a land patent from the London Virginia Company on behalf of himself and his colleagues.
In 1620 he joined the first group of Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower on the voyage to
North AmericaNorth America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and in the western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the North Pacific...
. When the colonists landed at
PlymouthPlymouth Colony was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691. The first settlement was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement, which served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts...
, Brewster became the senior elder of the colony, serving as its religious leader and as an advisor to Governor
William BradfordWilliam Bradford was an English leader of the Separatist settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, and was elected thirty times to be the Governor after John Carver died. He was the second signer and primary architect of the Mayflower Compact in Provincetown Harbor. His journal , was...
.
As the only university educated member of the colony, Brewster took the part of the colony's religious leader until a pastor, Ralph Smith, arrived in 1629. Thereafter, he continued to preach irregularly until his death in April 1644.
Brewster was granted land amongst the islands of
Boston HarborBoston Harbor is a natural harbor located adjacent to the city of Boston, Massachusetts. It is home to the Port of Boston, a major shipping facility in the northeast.-History:...
, and four of the outer islands (
Great BrewsterGreat Brewster Island is a one of the outer islands in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area, situated some offshore of downtown Boston. The island has a permanent size of , plus an intertidal zone of a further . Unlike the other outer islands, which are low-lying outcroppings of...
,
Little BrewsterLittle Brewster Island is a rocky outer island in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. It is best known as the location of Boston Light, the only remaining Coast Guard-manned lighthouse in the United States, and an important navigation aid for traffic to and from the Port of Boston...
,
Middle BrewsterMiddle Brewster Island is a one of the rugged outer islands in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area, situated some offshore of downtown Boston. The island has a permanent size of , reaches a height of above sea level, and is bounded by sharp cliffs and sunken crags. It has only...
and
Outer BrewsterOuter Brewster Island, also known as Outward Island, is a one of the outer islands in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area and is situated some 10 miles offshore of downtown Boston. The island has a permanent size of 20 acres, and consists of exposed bedrock covered by fertile soil...
) now bear his name.
Brewster died in 1644 and was likely buried in Miles Standish Burial Ground in Duxbury.
Children
William Brewster married
MaryMary Brewster was a pilgrim and one of the women on the Mayflower. She was the wife of Elder William Brewster and the mother of six of his children . She is an ancestor of possibly millions of people living in America today.There is a lot of speculation over Mary Brewster's maiden name...
, whose maiden name is unknown. During much of the 20th century she was thought to be the daughter of Thomas Wentworth, however there is no compelling evidence to support this. More recent speculation suggests her maiden name was Wyrall, but again the evidence is weak at best.
The children of William and Mary were:
- Elder Jonathan Brewster
Elder Jonathan Brewster was an early American settler, the son and eldest child of elder William Brewster and his wife, Mary. Brewster had two younger sisters, Patience and Fear, and two younger brothers, Love and Wrestling along with an unnamed brother who died young.-Life:Brewster was born in...
(August 12, 1593 - August 7, 1659) married Lucretia Oldham of DerbyDerby is a city in the East Midlands region of England. It lies upon the banks of the River Derwent and is located in the south of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. In the 2001 census, the population of the city was 233,700, whilst that of the Derby Urban Area was 229,407...
on 10 April 1624, eight children:
- Jonathan, born 17 July 1629
- Patience Brewster (c. 1600 - December 12, 1634) married Gov. Thomas Prence
Thomas Prence was a co-founder of Eastham, Massachusetts, a political leader in both the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies, and governor of Plymouth .-Early life:...
of LechladeLechlade is a town in Gloucestershire, England. It is located at the southern edge of the Cotswolds. It is the highest point at which the River Thames is navigable. The town is named after the River Leach which joins the Thames near here....
, GloucestershireGloucestershire is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean....
, 4 children
- Fear Brewster
Fear Brewster was a woman in Colonial America. She was the third daughter of Mayflower pilgrim William Brewster and his wife Mary, born in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England. She was named Fear because at the time of her birth, the Puritans were holding secret meetings and were under constant...
(c. 1606 - before 1634) so called because she was born at the height of the Puritans' persecution. Married Isaac AllertonIsaac Allerton was one of the original Pilgrim fathers who came on the Mayflower to settle the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Allerton is an ancestor to Presidents of the United States Zachary Taylor and Franklin D. Roosevelt....
of London[]London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. It has been a major settlement for two millennia, and the history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, when it was named Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, the 'square mile', retains its medieval boundaries...
, 2 children.
- Unnamed child was born and died 1609 in Leiden, Holland.
- Love Brewster was born in Leiden
Leiden is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands and has 118,000 inhabitants. It forms a single urban area with Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten, Valkenburg, Rijnsburg and Katwijk, with 254,000 inhabitants. It is located on the Old Rhine, close to the cities...
, Holland about 1611 and died between October 6, 1650 and January 31, 1650/1, at Duxbury, Massachusetts. At the age of about 9, he came with his father, mother and brother on the Mayflower to Plymouth, Massachusetts. He married Sarah Collier in Plymouth, Massachusetts on May 15, 1634. Sarah was baptized on April 30, 1616 at St. Olave, Southwark, Surrey, England, and died on April 26, 1691 at Duxbury, Massachusetts. She was a daughter of Jane (____) Clark and William Collier, one of the investors, or Merchant Adventurers, an initial shareholder in the Plymouth Plantation. Love and Sarah were the parents of 4 children:
- Sarah
- Nathaniel
- William
- Wrestling
- Wrestling Brewster was born in 1614 in Leiden, Holland; was living in 1627, died unmarried before the 1644 settlement of his father's estate.
Notable descendants
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Roger Nash Baldwin was one of the founders of the American Civil Liberties Union . He served as executive director of the ACLU until 1950....
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(ACLU).
- Benjamin Harris Brewster, was an attorney and politician who served as United States Attorney General
The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government. The Attorney General is considered to be the chief lawyer of the U.S. government...
from 1881 - 1885.
- Daniel Baugh Brewster, was a Democratic member of the United States Senate, representing the State of Maryland from 1963 until 1969. He was also a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1950-1958, and a representative from the 2nd congressional district of Maryland in the United States House of Representatives from 1959-1963
- David Brewster (journalist)
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- Diane Brewster
Diane Brewster was an American television actress most noted for playing three distinctively different roles in US TV series of the 1950s and 60s: confidence trickster "Samantha Crawford" in Maverick; pretty young second-grade teacher "Miss Canfield" in Leave It to Beaver; and doomed wife...
, was an American television actress.
- Janet Huntington Brewster
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, an American broadcast journalist
- Jordana Brewster
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, (born April 26, 1980) is an American actress, and granddaughter of Kingman Brewster, Jr.Kingman Brewster, Jr., was an educator, president of Yale University, and American diplomat.-Life and ancestors:...
- Kingman Brewster, Jr.
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, and American diplomat
- Ralph Owen Brewster, was an American politician from Maine
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, who was a Republican member of the United States Senate from 1941 until 1952.
- Chevy Chase
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- Julia Child
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- Harry Lillis Bing Crosby
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, was an American singer and actor
- Howard Brush Dean III, is an American politician and physician from the U.S. state of Vermont.
- Calvert DeForest
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- Lee De Forest
Lee De Forest was an American inventor with over 180 patents to his credit. De Forest invented the Audion, a vacuum tube that takes relatively weak electrical signals and amplifies them. De Forest is one of the fathers of the "electronic age", as the Audion helped to usher in the widespread use...
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- Richard Gere
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- Katharine Hepburn
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- George Trumbull Ladd
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- John Lithgow
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- Seth MacFarlane
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- George B. McClellan
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, Civil War general, Governor of New Jersey, Democratic opponent of Abraham Lincoln in the 1864 United States presidential election
- Robert Noyce
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- Sarah Palin
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,. Alaska Governor and 2008 Republican Vice-Presidential nominee.
- Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry
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(1785–1819) an officer in the US Navy. He served in the War of 1812 against Britain, and earned the title "Hero of Lake Erie."
- Matthew Calbraith Perry( (1794–1858) was the Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854.
- William Blaine "Bill" Richardson III, is a Democratic politician and the current Governor of New Mexico.
- Cokie Roberts
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- David Souter
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- Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr., the publisher of The New York Times and chairman of the board of its owner, The New York Times
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Company.
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.
- Zachary Taylor
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.
- The Wright brothers
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General references
- Dowsing, J. Places of the Pilgrim Fathers Sunrise Press, London.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. (1960)
See Ashbel Steele's
Chief of the Pilgrims; or the Life and Time of William Brewster (Philadelphia, 1857); and, most importantly, a sketch in
Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620-1647 by
William BradfordWilliam Bradford may refer to:*William Bradford *William Bradford , son of Governor Bradford, military commander of Plymouth during King Philip's War...
; the complete text, with notes and an introduction by
Samuel Eliot MorisonSamuel Eliot Morison, Rear Admiral, United States Naval Reserve was an American historian, noted for producing works of maritime history that were both authoritative and highly readable. A sailor as well as a scholar, Morison garnered numerous honors, including two Pulitzer Prizes, two Bancroft...
(1952; 2001).
More recent sources are:
- 'Brewster, William' in the American National Biography
The American National Biography is a 24 volume set containing approximately 17,400 entries and 20 million words. It was published in 1999 as, according to its preface in Volume 1, the successor to the Dictionary of American Biography which was first published between 1926 and 1937. The general...
(2000) and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004).
- Mary B. Sherwood, Pilgrim: A Biography of William Brewster (1982)
- Richard Greaves and Robert Zaller, eds. Biographical Dictionary of British Radicals in the Seveneeth Century (1982)
- Dorothy Brewster, William Brewster of the Mayflower (1970)
Genealogical information may be found in:
- Emma Brewster Jones, The Brewster Genealogy, 1566-1907, Two volumes (1907)
- Barbara Lambert Merrick, compiler, William Brewster of the Mayflower and His Descendants for Four Generations Mayflower Families in Progress. 3rd Edition (2000)
- Barbara Lambert Merrick, compiler, William Brewster of the Mayflower and the Fifth Generation Descendants of his son Love2. Mayflower Families in Progress. (2003)
External links