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Willem Hendrik Keesom

 

 
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Willem Hendrik Keesom
 
 
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Willem Hendrik Keesom (June 21, 1876, Texel
Texel

Texel is a municipality and an island in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It is the biggest and most populated of the West Frisian Islands in the Wadden Sea, and also the westernmost of this archipelago, which extends to Denmark....
 – March 24 1956, Leiden
Leiden

Media:Nl-Leiden.ogg is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands and has 118,000 inhabitants. It forms a single urban area with Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten, Valkenburg, Rijnsburg and Katwijk, with 254,000 inhabitants....
) was a Dutch
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
 who, in 1926, invented a method to freeze liquid helium
Helium

Helium is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert monatomic chemical element that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table and whose atomic number is 2....
.






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Willem Hendrik Keesom (June 21, 1876, Texel
Texel

Texel is a municipality and an island in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It is the biggest and most populated of the West Frisian Islands in the Wadden Sea, and also the westernmost of this archipelago, which extends to Denmark....
 – March 24 1956, Leiden
Leiden

Media:Nl-Leiden.ogg is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands and has 118,000 inhabitants. It forms a single urban area with Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten, Valkenburg, Rijnsburg and Katwijk, with 254,000 inhabitants....
) was a Dutch
Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
 physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
 who, in 1926, invented a method to freeze liquid helium
Helium

Helium is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert monatomic chemical element that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table and whose atomic number is 2....
. He also developed the first mathematical description of dipole-dipole interactions
Intermolecular force

In physics, chemistry, and biology, intermolecular forces are forces that act between stable molecules or between functional groups of macromolecules....
 in 1921. Thus, dipole-dipole interactions are also known as Keesom interactions. He was previously a student of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was a Netherlands physicist. His scientific career was spent exploring extremely cold refrigeration techniques and the associated phenomena....
, who had discovered superconductivity
Superconductivity

Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials generally at very low temperatures, characterized by exactly zero electrical resistance and the exclusion of the interior magnetic field ....
 (a feat for which Kamerlingh Onnes received a Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize , established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, and Nobel Peace Prize in 1901....
).

See also



External links

  • Albert van Helden, , In: K. van Berkel, A. van Helden and L. Palm ed., A History of Science in the Netherlands. Survey, Themes and Reference (Leiden: Brill, 1999) 498-500.
  • Scientists of the Dutch School: @ Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
  • P.H. van Laer, , in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland.