All Topics  
Wilhelm Marx

 

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

Wilhelm Marx
 
 
  Topics Wilhelm Marx Topic Home

Wilhelm Marx (January 15, 1863 August 5, 1946) was a German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 Lawyer, Catholic
Catholic

Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek language adjective , meaning "whole" or "complete". In the context of Christianity ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages....
 politician
Politician

A politician is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of politics or a person who influences the way a society is governed....
 and a member of the Centre Party.

in Cologne
Cologne

Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants....
 to a teacher
Teacher

In education, a teacher is a person who teaches. A teacher who teaches an individual student may also be described as a personal tutor.The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out by way of Occupation or Profession at a school or other place of formal education....
, Marx passed his Abitur
Abitur

'Abitur' is a designation used in Germany and Finland for final exams that pupils take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling ....
 at the Marzellengymnasium
Dreikönigsgymnasium

The Dreik?nigsgymnasium is a regular public Gymnasium school located in Cologne, Germany. Founded in 1450 it is the oldest school in Cologne and one of the oldest in Germany....
 in 1881. He then studied jurisprudence
Jurisprudence

Jurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law. Scholars of jurisprudence, or legal philosophers, hope to obtain a deeper understanding of the nature of law, of legal reasoning, legal systems and of legal institutions....
 at the University of Bonn
University of Bonn

The University of Bonn is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. Founded in 1818 the University of Bonn is today one of the leading universities in Germany....
. As student he became a member of K.St.V. Arminia. After his degree in law, he worked as an assessor
Assessor

An assessor may be:* Assessor , the assistant to a judge or magistrate* Assessor , a senior officer of the University of Oxford* Assessor , an expert who calculates the value of property...
 in both Cologne and Waldbröl
Waldbröl

Waldbr?l is a town is in the southern part of the Oberbergischer Kreis , in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located about 50 kilometers east of Cologne....
 and later in the land registry in Simmern
Simmern

Simmern is a town in Germany with 8,000 inhabitants. It is located in the western state of Rhineland-Palatinate, 630 km from Berlin and 55 km west from Mainz....
. From 1894 Marx worked as a judge in Elberfeld
Elberfeld

. For the baseball player with this name, see Kid Elberfeld.Elberfeld is a municipal subdivision of the Germany city of Wuppertal; it was an independent town until 1929....
.






Discussion
Ask a question about 'Wilhelm Marx'
Start a new discussion about 'Wilhelm Marx'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Encyclopedia


Wilhelm Marx (January 15, 1863 August 5, 1946) was a German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 Lawyer, Catholic
Catholic

Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek language adjective , meaning "whole" or "complete". In the context of Christianity ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages....
 politician
Politician

A politician is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of politics or a person who influences the way a society is governed....
 and a member of the Centre Party.

Life

Born in Cologne
Cologne

Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants....
 to a teacher
Teacher

In education, a teacher is a person who teaches. A teacher who teaches an individual student may also be described as a personal tutor.The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out by way of Occupation or Profession at a school or other place of formal education....
, Marx passed his Abitur
Abitur

'Abitur' is a designation used in Germany and Finland for final exams that pupils take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling ....
 at the Marzellengymnasium
Dreikönigsgymnasium

The Dreik?nigsgymnasium is a regular public Gymnasium school located in Cologne, Germany. Founded in 1450 it is the oldest school in Cologne and one of the oldest in Germany....
 in 1881. He then studied jurisprudence
Jurisprudence

Jurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law. Scholars of jurisprudence, or legal philosophers, hope to obtain a deeper understanding of the nature of law, of legal reasoning, legal systems and of legal institutions....
 at the University of Bonn
University of Bonn

The University of Bonn is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. Founded in 1818 the University of Bonn is today one of the leading universities in Germany....
. As student he became a member of K.St.V. Arminia. After his degree in law, he worked as an assessor
Assessor

An assessor may be:* Assessor , the assistant to a judge or magistrate* Assessor , a senior officer of the University of Oxford* Assessor , an expert who calculates the value of property...
 in both Cologne and Waldbröl
Waldbröl

Waldbr?l is a town is in the southern part of the Oberbergischer Kreis , in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located about 50 kilometers east of Cologne....
 and later in the land registry in Simmern
Simmern

Simmern is a town in Germany with 8,000 inhabitants. It is located in the western state of Rhineland-Palatinate, 630 km from Berlin and 55 km west from Mainz....
. From 1894 Marx worked as a judge in Elberfeld
Elberfeld

. For the baseball player with this name, see Kid Elberfeld.Elberfeld is a municipal subdivision of the Germany city of Wuppertal; it was an independent town until 1929....
. Ten years later, he returned to Cologne and Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf

D?sseldorf is the capital city of the Germany state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an economic centre of Germany. The city is situated on the River Rhine and has a high population density - the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area has over 10 million inhabitants alone....
, where he had the highest rank possible in Prussia
Prussia

Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
 for a Catholic who was also active in the Center Party.

Marx married Johanna Verkoyen in 1891 and they had four children.

Politics

He served as Chancellor of Germany
Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)

The head of government of the German Reich was called Reich Chancellor or short Chancellor from 1871 until 1945. This designation stems from the German chancellor tradition from the Middle Ages and the early modern era....
 from 1923 to 1925 and again from 1926 to 1928, and was the Centre Party's (and, in the second round, the entire Weimar Coalition
Weimar Coalition

The Weimar Coalition is the name given to the coalition government of the Social Democratic Party of Germany , the German Democratic Party , and the Centre Party , who together had a large majority of the delegates to the Weimar National Assembly which met at Weimar in 1919, and were the principal groups which designed the...
's) candidate in the 1925 presidential election
German presidential election, 1925

The presidential election of 1925 was the first direct election to the office of Reichspr?sident , Germany's head of state during the 1919-1933 Weimar Republic....
, when he was defeated by Paul von Hindenburg
Paul von Hindenburg

Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg , known universally as Paul von Hindenburg was a German Generalfeldmarschall and statesman....
.

Being a Catholic
Catholic

Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek language adjective , meaning "whole" or "complete". In the context of Christianity ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages....
, Marx took an active part in the political arm of German Catholics, the Centre Party. In 1899, he presided the Zentrums-Verein in Elberfeld
Elberfeld

. For the baseball player with this name, see Kid Elberfeld.Elberfeld is a municipal subdivision of the Germany city of Wuppertal; it was an independent town until 1929....
; in 1908 he became chairman of the Centre Party in Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf

D?sseldorf is the capital city of the Germany state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an economic centre of Germany. The city is situated on the River Rhine and has a high population density - the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area has over 10 million inhabitants alone....
.

From 1899 to 1918 Marx was a member of the Landtag
Landtag

A Landtag is a representative assembly or parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority.The German word "Landtag" is composed of the words Land which names a political entity comparable to a federal state and the word Tag....
 of Prussia
Prussia

Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
. From 1910 he was a member of the Reichstag
Reichstag (institution)

The Reichstag was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. The main chamber of the German parliament is now called Bundestag , but the building in which it meets is still called "Reichstag" ....
, where he became a member of the executive committee of the Centre Party faction. There, he specialised in the field of school and culture politics. He was known as a calm and intercessional politician who didn't have many enemies and always worked towards a compromise.

During World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 he expressed his opinion against annexation
Annexation

Annexation is the legal incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity . Usually, it is implied that the territory and population being annexed is the smaller, more peripheral, and weaker of the two merging entities....
 and for a peace resolution. Thus, he was elected into the Nationalversammlung
Nationalversammlung

Nationalversammlung may refer to*Deutsche Nationalversammlung von 1848-1849 in Frankfurt am Main, see Frankfurt Parliament** also Preu?ische Nationalversammlung von 1848 for Prussia...
 of Weimar
Weimar

Weimar is a city in Germany. It is located in the States of Germany of Thuringia , north of the Th?ringer Wald, east of Erfurt, and southwest of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt and Leipzig....
. He supported the treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaty at the end of World War I. It ended the declaration of war between German Empire and Allies of World War I....
 during the occupation of the Rhineland
Rhineland

The Rhineland is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. After the collapse of the First French Empire in the early 19th century, the German-speaking regions at the middle and lower course of the Rhine were annexed to the kingdom of Prussia....
 in 1923 because he thought that if Germany did not accept it, the Rhineland would be separated from Prussia
Prussia

Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
. Marx also tried to unify the Centre Party and to support the government, using his style of politics and an appeal to Catholicism
Catholicism

Catholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its Theology and doctrines, its Catholic liturgy, Ethics, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
.

When the cabinet of Gustav Stresemann
Gustav Stresemann

was a German liberal politician and statesman who served as Chancellor of Germany and Foreign Minister of Germany during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926....
 failed in 1923, Marx became chancellor
Chancellor

Chancellor or chancellour is an official title used in countries whose civilization has arisen directly or indirectly out of the Roman Empire....
, leading the tenth German cabinet since 1919. His first term lasted 13 months, his second term lasted 25 months. In this time, he presided over four cabinets, the first two being civic minority governments, later joined by the DNVP. His foreign minister
Foreign minister

A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a governmental cabinet Political minister who helps form the foreign policy of a sovereign nation....
 was Gustav Stresemann
Gustav Stresemann

was a German liberal politician and statesman who served as Chancellor of Germany and Foreign Minister of Germany during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926....
, whose politics led to a toleration by the SPD. During Marx's terms, he managed to stabilise the German economy after the hyperinflation
Hyperinflation

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-00104, Inflation, Tapezieren mit Geldscheinen.jpgIn economics, hyperinflation is inflation that is very high or "out of control", a condition in which prices increase rapidly as a currency loses its value....
 of 1923 by introducing a new currency. By the end of 1924, the state of emergency
State of emergency

A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government, alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors, or order government agencies to implement emergency preparedness plans....
 could be repealed. The cabinets led by Marx also accepted the Dawes Plan
Dawes Plan

The Dawes Plan was an attempt following World War I for the Allies to collect war reparations debt from Germany. When after five years the plan proved to be unsuccessful, the Young Plan was adopted in 1929 to replace it....
. In his second term, Germany joined the League of Nations
League of Nations

The League of Nations was an inter-governmental organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919?1920. At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members....
, and Marx managed to unseat General Hans von Seeckt
Hans von Seeckt

Hans von Seeckt was a Germany military officer noted for his organization of the German Army during the Weimar Republic....
, who wanted to make the army a "state within the state". On the other hand, it should be noted that during his terms the Reichswehr
Reichswehr

The Reichswehr formed the armed forces of Germany from 1919 until 1935, when it was renamed the Wehrmacht .At the end of World War I, the forces of the German Empire had mostly disintegrated, the men making their way home individually or in small groups....
 worked secretly together with the Russian army to circumvent the Treaty of Versailles.

In 1925 Marx also became minister president of Prussia
Prussia

Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
, and in 1926 he was minister of justice in the cabinet of his successor Hans Luther
Hans Luther

Hans Luther was a Germany politician and Chancellor of Germany .Born in Berlin, Luther started in politics in 1907 by becoming the town councillor in Magdeburg....
. He was a member of the Reichstag
Reichstag (institution)

The Reichstag was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. The main chamber of the German parliament is now called Bundestag , but the building in which it meets is still called "Reichstag" ....
 up to 1932. During the Nazi
Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
 period, and after World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, he lived in Bonn, where he died.

First cabinet (November 1923 - May 1924)

  • Dr. Wilhelm Marx (Z
    Centre Party (Germany)

    The German Centre Party was a Catholic political party in Germany during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The party dissolved itself on 5 July, 1933 as a condition of the conclusion of Reichskonkordat between the Holy See and Germany....
    ) - Chancellor
  • Dr. Karl Jarres
    Karl Jarres

    Karl Jarres was a politician of the German People's Party during the Weimar Republic. Jarres was born in the city of Remscheid. Rhenish Prussia, and after legal studies in University of Bonn as a young adult, pursued an administrative career....
     (DVP
    German People's Party

    The German People's Party was a Liberalism-nationalist party in Germany.It was essentially the right wing of the old National Liberal Party , and was formed in the early days of the Weimar Republic, led by Gustav Stresemann....
    ) - Vice-Chancellor and Minister of the Interior
  • Dr. Gustav Stresemann
    Gustav Stresemann

    was a German liberal politician and statesman who served as Chancellor of Germany and Foreign Minister of Germany during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926....
     (DVP) - Foreign Minister
  • Dr. Erich Emminger (BVP
    Bavarian People's Party

    The Bavarian People's Party was the Bavarian branch of the Catholic Centre Party, which broke off from the rest of the party in 1919 to pursue a more conservative, more Catholic, more Bavarian particularist course....
    ) - Minister of Justice
  • Dr. Hans Luther
    Hans Luther

    Hans Luther was a Germany politician and Chancellor of Germany .Born in Berlin, Luther started in politics in 1907 by becoming the town councillor in Magdeburg....
     - Minister of Finance
  • Eduard Hamm (DDP
    German Democratic Party

    The German Democratic Party, or Deutsche Demokratische Partei , was founded by leaders of the former Progressive People's Party and the left wing of the National Liberal Party in the early days of the Weimar Republic....
    ) - Minister of Economics
  • Gerhard Graf von Kanitz - Minister of Food
  • Dr. Heinrich Brauns (Z) - Minister of Labour
  • Dr. Otto Geßler (DDP) - Minister of Defence
  • Dr. Rudolf Oeser (DDP) - Minister of Transportation
  • Dr. Anton Höfle (Z) - Postal Minister and temporary Minister of Occupied Territories


Changes
  • April 15, 1924 - Kurt Joel succeeded Emminger as Minister of Justice.


Second cabinet (June 1924 - December 1924)

  • Dr. Wilhelm Marx (Z) - Chancellor
  • Dr. Karl Jarres
    Karl Jarres

    Karl Jarres was a politician of the German People's Party during the Weimar Republic. Jarres was born in the city of Remscheid. Rhenish Prussia, and after legal studies in University of Bonn as a young adult, pursued an administrative career....
     (DVP) - Vice-Chancellor and Minister of the Interior
  • Dr. Gustav Stresemann
    Gustav Stresemann

    was a German liberal politician and statesman who served as Chancellor of Germany and Foreign Minister of Germany during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926....
     (DVP) - Foreign Minister
  • Dr. Kurt Joel - Minister of Justice
  • Dr. Hans Luther
    Hans Luther

    Hans Luther was a Germany politician and Chancellor of Germany .Born in Berlin, Luther started in politics in 1907 by becoming the town councillor in Magdeburg....
     - Minister of Finance
  • Eduard Hamm (DDP) - Minister of Economics
  • Gerhard Graf von Kanitz - Minister of Food
  • Dr. Heinrich Brauns (Z) - Minister of Labour
  • Dr. Otto Geßler (DDP) - Minister of Defence
  • Dr. Rudolf Oeser (DDP) - Minister of Transportation
  • Dr. Anton Höfle (Z) - Postal Minister and temporary Minister of Occupied Territories


Changes
  • October 11, 1924 - Dr. Rudolf Krohne (DVP) succeeded Oeser as Minister of Transport.


Third cabinet (May 1926 - December 1926)

  • Dr. Wilhelm Marx (Z) - Chancellor
  • Dr. Gustav Stresemann
    Gustav Stresemann

    was a German liberal politician and statesman who served as Chancellor of Germany and Foreign Minister of Germany during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926....
     (DVP) - Foreign Minister
  • Dr. Wilhelm Külz
    Wilhelm Külz

    Wilhelm K?lz was a Germany politician . In 1926 he was interior minister of the Weimar Republic. After 1945 he took actively part in establishing the LDPD....
     (DDP) - Minister of the Interior
  • Dr. Johannes Bell (Z) - Minister of Justice and temporary Minister of Occupied Territories
  • Dr. Peter Reinhold (DDP) - Minister of Finance
  • Dr. Julius Curtius
    Julius Curtius

    Julius Curtius was Foreign Minister of Germany from October, 1929 to October 1931. Curtius was a member of the center-right German People's Party and worked closely with Heinrich Br?ning to revise the Treaty of Versailles in Germany's favor....
     (DVP) - Minister of Economics
  • Dr. Heinrich Haslinde (Z) - Minister of Food
  • Dr. Heinrich Brauns (Z) - Minister of Labour
  • Dr. Otto Geßler (DDP) - Minister of Defence
  • Dr. Rudolf Krohne (DVP) - Minister of Transportation
  • Karl Stingl (BVP) - Postal Minister


Fourth cabinet (January 1927 - June 1928)

  • Dr. Wilhelm Marx (Z) - Chancellor and temporary Minister of Occupied Territories
  • Oskar Hergt (DNVP) - Vice-Chancellor and Minister of Justice
  • Dr. Gustav Stresemann
    Gustav Stresemann

    was a German liberal politician and statesman who served as Chancellor of Germany and Foreign Minister of Germany during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926....
     (DVP) - Foreign Minister
  • Walter von Keudell (DNVP) - Minister of the Interior
  • Dr. Heinrich Köhler
    Heinrich Köhler

    Franz Heinrich K?hler was a Germany politician who served as the fifth and eighth List of rulers of Baden and the eleventh Minister of Finance in the Weimar Republic....
     (Z) - Minister of Finance
  • Dr. Julius Curtius
    Julius Curtius

    Julius Curtius was Foreign Minister of Germany from October, 1929 to October 1931. Curtius was a member of the center-right German People's Party and worked closely with Heinrich Br?ning to revise the Treaty of Versailles in Germany's favor....
     (DVP) - Minister of Economics
  • Dr. Martin Schiele (DNVP) - Minister of Food
  • Dr. Heinrich Brauns (Z) - Minister of Labour
  • Dr. Otto Geßler - Minister of Defence
  • Dr. Wilhelm Koch (DNVP) - Minister of Transportation
  • Dr. Georg Schätzel (BVP) - Postal Minister


Changes
  • January 19 1928 - Wilhelm Groener
    Wilhelm Groener

    Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener was a Germany soldier and politician....
     succeeded Geßler as Minister of Defence.


External links