Wei (state)

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Wei (state)

The following details the state of Wei of the Warring States Period
Warring States Period

The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, covers the period from 476 BCE to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE....
. Refer to Kingdom of Wei for the state founded by Cao Cao
Cao Cao

C?o Cao was a warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of China of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during its final years in ancient China....
during the Three Kingdoms Period. Refer to Ran Min
Ran Min

Ran Min , also known as Shi Min , posthumous name honored by Former Yan as Tian Wang Daowu of Wei , courtesy name Yongzeng , nickname Jinu , was a Han Chinese military leader during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China and the only emperor of the short-lived state Ran Wei ....
for his state of Wei during the Sixteen Kingdoms
Sixteen Kingdoms

The Sixteen Kingdoms , or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in China proper and its neighboring areas from 304 to 439 Common Era after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty to South China and before the establishment of the Northern Dynasties....
. Refer to Wei (Spring and Autumn Period)
Wei (Spring and Autumn Period)

This article is about the State of Wei founded during the Spring and Autumn Period. For the Warring States Period state whose name is pronounced identically, see Wei ....
for the State of Wei, of identical pronunciation.

The Wei was a state
State

A state is a political Social contract with effective sovereignty over a geographic area and representing a population. These may be nation states, State or multinational states....
during the Warring States Period
Warring States Period

The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, covers the period from 476 BCE to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE....
in China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
.

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The following details the state of Wei of the Warring States Period
Warring States Period

The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, covers the period from 476 BCE to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE....
. Refer to Kingdom of Wei for the state founded by Cao Cao
Cao Cao

C?o Cao was a warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of China of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during its final years in ancient China....
during the Three Kingdoms Period. Refer to Ran Min
Ran Min

Ran Min , also known as Shi Min , posthumous name honored by Former Yan as Tian Wang Daowu of Wei , courtesy name Yongzeng , nickname Jinu , was a Han Chinese military leader during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China and the only emperor of the short-lived state Ran Wei ....
for his state of Wei during the Sixteen Kingdoms
Sixteen Kingdoms

The Sixteen Kingdoms , or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in China proper and its neighboring areas from 304 to 439 Common Era after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty to South China and before the establishment of the Northern Dynasties....
. Refer to Wei (Spring and Autumn Period)
Wei (Spring and Autumn Period)

This article is about the State of Wei founded during the Spring and Autumn Period. For the Warring States Period state whose name is pronounced identically, see Wei ....
for the State of Wei, of identical pronunciation.

The Wei was a state
State

A state is a political Social contract with effective sovereignty over a geographic area and representing a population. These may be nation states, State or multinational states....
during the Warring States Period
Warring States Period

The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, covers the period from 476 BCE to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE....
in China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
. Its territory lay between the states of Qin
Qin (state)

Q?n or Ch'in , was a state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Periods of China. It eventually grew to dominate the country and unite it in 221 BC, after which it is referred to as the Qin Dynasty....
and Qi
Qi (state)

Qi was a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States. Its capital was Linzi, which is part of the present city of Zibo in Shandong Province....
and included modern areas in Henan
Henan

Henan , is a Province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is ? , named after Yuzhou , a Han Dynasty province that included parts of Henan....
, Hebei
Hebei

For the people of Hebei, see Hebei people is a North China province of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is "" , named after Ji Province , a Han Dynasty province that included southern Hebei....
and Shanxi
Shanxi

is a political divisions of China in the North China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-character abbreviation is Jin , after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....
and Shandong
Shandong

For the people of Shandong, see Shandong people is a coastal political divisions of China of eastern People's Republic of China. Its abbreviation is 'Lu', after the state of Lu that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....
. After its capital was moved from Anyi
Anyi

Anyi may refer to:*Anyin language, spoken principally in C?te d'Ivoire and in Ghana*Anyi County, in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China...
to Daliang
Daliang

Daliang may refer to:China*?? D?li?ng, subdistrict of Shunde, China*??, another name for Kaifeng, China...
(today Kaifeng
Kaifeng

Kaifeng , formerly known as Bianliang , Bianjing , Daliang , or simply Liang , is a prefecture-level city in eastern Henan province of China, People's Republic of China....
) during the reign of King Hui of Wei
King Hui of Wei

King Hui of Wei or King Hui of Liang was the third ruler of the state of Wei during the Warring States Period, ruling from approximately 370 BC?319 BC....
, Wei was also called the state of Liang.

The state reached its height during the reigns of its first two rulers, Marquess Wen of Wei
Marquess Wen of Wei

Marquis Wen of Wei was the leader of the China state of Wei in the Warring States period to carry out extensive government reforms. His reforms were carried out by noted Confucian scholars such as Zixia , Tian Zifang and Duan Ganmu ....
and Marquess Wu of Wei. King Hui of Wei
King Hui of Wei

King Hui of Wei or King Hui of Liang was the third ruler of the state of Wei during the Warring States Period, ruling from approximately 370 BC?319 BC....
, the third ruler, concentrated in economic developments including irrigation projects at the Yellow River
Yellow River

The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho is the second-longest river in China and the List of rivers by length in the world at 4,845 kilometers ....
. Nevertheless its slow decline began with King Hui. King Hui felt that Qin in the west was a nonthreatening weak state and their land was just wasteland, and hence he focused on conquering the resourceful land in the east. However Wei's advancement in the east was checked several times in series of battles including the Battle of Maling
Battle of Maling

The Battle of Maling was conducted in Maling, currently Dazhangjia Town , Shen County , Henan, in 342 BC during the Warring States Period. The combatants were the state of Qi , who fought on behalf of state of State of Han, and the state of Wei ....
in 341 BC. On the other hand Qin's reformation at the same period boosted Qin's economy and military might to unprecedented levels. Eventually Wei lost the western Hexi
Hexi

Hexi may refer to:*Hexi Corridor, corridor in northwestern China*Hexi District, district in Tianjin, China...
region (a pastoral and strategic area on the west bank of the Yellow River at the border of today Shanxi
Shanxi

is a political divisions of China in the North China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-character abbreviation is Jin , after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....
and Shaanxi
Shaanxi

is a north-central political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River as well as the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of the province....
province) to Qin, and remained continuously under invasions from Qin until the end. This eventually forced Wei to move its capital from Anyi
Anyi

Anyi may refer to:*Anyin language, spoken principally in C?te d'Ivoire and in Ghana*Anyi County, in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China...
to Daliang
Daliang

Daliang may refer to:China*?? D?li?ng, subdistrict of Shunde, China*??, another name for Kaifeng, China...
.

Military prowess of Qin broke the coalition forces of the states of Wei and Han
Han (state)

Han was a monarchy during the Warring States Period in China. Not to be confused with South Korea which shares the same name.Its territory directly blocked the passage of the state of Qin into the North China Plain, thus becoming a frequent target of Qin's military operations....
at the Battle of Yique
Battle of Yique

Battle of Yique 293 BC, levied by King Zhaoxiang of Qin against the alliance of State of Wei and State of Han at Yique , commanded by general Bai Qi....
in 293 BC.

The Wei surrendered to the Qin in 225 BC, after the Qin general Wang Fen flooded Daliang with water from the Yellow River
Yellow River

The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho is the second-longest river in China and the List of rivers by length in the world at 4,845 kilometers ....
.

Wei produced some fine generals and politicians, including Li Kui, a reformer and Prime Minister of Wei, Yue Yang, ancestor of Yue Yi
Yue Yi

Yue Yi was an officer of the State of Yan during the Warring State period, also known as Lord Guojun. He was the son of the prime minister of the small nation of Zhongshan , but when Zhongshan was destroyed by Zhao's King Wuling, he was forced to wander from country to country....
and conqueror of the State of Zhongshan, and Pang Juan, who conquered many places but lost to Tian Ji and Sun Bin
Sun Bin

Sun Bin was a military strategist who lived during the Warring States Period in ancient China. Born in Qi , he wrote his own military treatise, the Sun Bin Bing Fa, that Yinqueshan Han Slips after being lost for almost 2000 years....
at Maling.

List of Wei rulers

Marquess Wen
Marquess Wen of Wei

Marquis Wen of Wei was the leader of the China state of Wei in the Warring States period to carry out extensive government reforms. His reforms were carried out by noted Confucian scholars such as Zixia , Tian Zifang and Duan Ganmu ....
, personal name Si or Du, ruled 445 BC–396 BC
Marquess Wu, personal name Ji, son of previous, ruled 396 BC–370 BC
King Hui
King Hui of Wei

King Hui of Wei or King Hui of Liang was the third ruler of the state of Wei during the Warring States Period, ruling from approximately 370 BC?319 BC....
, personal name Ying, son of previous, ruled 370 BC–319 BC
King Xiang, personal name Si or He, son of previous, ruled 319 BC–296 BC
King Zhao, personal name Chi, son of previous, ruled 296 BC–277 BC
King Anxi,personal name Yu, son of previous, ruled 277 BC–243 BC
King Jingmin, personal name Zeng or Wu, son of previous, ruled 243 BC–228 BC
King Jia,, personal name Jia, son of previous, ruled 228 BC–225 BC

According to the Records of the Grand Historian
Records of the Grand Historian

The Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English language by the Chinese name Shiji , written from 109 BC to 91 BC, was the magnum opus of Sima Qian, in which he recounted China history from the time of the Yellow Emperor until his own time....
written by Sima Qian
Sima Qian

Sima Qian was a Prefect of the Grand Scribes of the Han Dynasty. He is regarded as the father of Chinese historiography because of his highly praised work, Records of the Grand Historian , an overview of the history of China covering more than two thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu of Han China ....
in the 1st century BC, the list of rulers is slightly different: King Hui died in 335 BC and was succeeded by his son King Xiang in 334 BC. King Xiang died in 319 BC and was succeeded by his son King Ai, who died in 296 BC and was succeeded by his son King Zhao. However, the majority of scholars and commentators think that King Ai, whose personal name is not recorded, never existed. It seems that Sima Qian assigned the second part of the reign of King Hui (starting in 334 BC, on which date the hitherto Marquess Hui probably proclaimed himself King) to his son King Xiang, and added King Ai to fill in the gap between 319 BC and 296 BC. On the other hand, a minority of scholars believe King Ai indeed existed.