Weber (unit)

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Weber (unit)

In physics

Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
, the weber (symbol: Wb; ) is the SI

Si, si, or SI may refer to :...
unit of magnetic flux

Magnetic flux

Magnetic flux, represented by the Greek letter F , is a measure of quantity of magnetism, taking into account the strength and the extent of a magnetic field....
. It is named after the German

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber

Wilhelm Eduard Weber

Wilhelm Eduard Weber was a German physicist and, together with Carl Friedrich Gauss, inventor of the first the first electromagnetic telegraph....
(1804 – 1891).
ckquote>Weber (unit of magnetic flux) — The weber is the magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, would produce in it an electromotive force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second.

In SI base unit

SI base unit

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In physics

Physics

Si, si, or SI may refer to :...
unit of magnetic flux

Magnetic flux

Magnetic flux, represented by the Greek letter F , is a measure of quantity of magnetism, taking into account the strength and the extent of a magnetic field....
. It is named after the German

Germany

Wilhelm Eduard Weber

Wilhelm Eduard Weber was a German physicist and, together with Carl Friedrich Gauss, inventor of the first the first electromagnetic telegraph....
(1804 – 1891).

Definition

The weber may be defined in terms of Faraday's law

Faraday's law of induction

Faraday's law of induction describes a basic law of electromagnetism, which is involved in the working of transformers, inductors, and many forms of electrical generators....
, which relates a changing magnetic flux through a loop to the electric field

Electric field

In physics, the space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field ....
around the loop. A change in flux of one weber per second

Second

The second , sometimes abbreviated sec., is the name of a units of measurement of time, and is the International System of Units SI base unit of time....
will induce an electromotive force

Electromotive force

Electromotive force is a term used to characterize electrical devices, such as voltaic cells, Thermoelectric effects, electrical generators and transformers, and even resistors....
of one volt

Volt

The volt is the SI SI derived unit of electric potential difference or electromotive force, commonly known as voltage. It is named in honor of the Lombard physicist Alessandro Volta , who invented the voltaic pile, possibly the first chemical battery ....
.

Officially,

Weber (unit of magnetic flux) — The weber is the magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, would produce in it an electromotive force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second.

In SI base unit

SI base unit

The International System of Units defines seven dimensional analysis SI base units. All other physical units can be derived from these base units: these are known as SI derived units....
s, the dimensions of the weber are . In derived units, they are volt-seconds , or joules per amp .

The weber is a large unit, equal to 1 T

Tesla (unit)

The tesla is the SI derived unit of magnetic flux density B . The tesla is equal to one weber per square metre and was defined in 1960 in honor of inventor, scientist and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla....
m² = 10⁸ maxwell

Maxwell (unit)

The maxwell, abbreviated as Mx, is the compound derived centimetre gram second system of units unit of magnetic flux. The unit was previously called a line....
s.

A flux density of one Wb/m² (one weber per square meter) is one tesla

Tesla (unit)

History

In 1861, the British Association for the Advancement of Science

British Association for the Advancement of Science

The British Association for the Advancement of Science or the British Science Association, formally known as the BA, is a learned society with the object of promoting science, directing general attention to scientific matters, and facilitating interaction between scientific workers....
(known as "The BA") established a committee under William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) to study electrical units.

In a February 1902 manuscript, with handwritten notes of Oliver Heaviside

Oliver Heaviside

Oliver Heaviside was a autodidact English electrical engineering, mathematician, and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, invented mathematical techniques to the solution of differential equations , reformulated Maxwell's equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and flux, and independently co-f...
, Giovanni Giorgi

Giovanni Giorgi

Giovanni Giorgi was an electrical engineering who invented the Giorgi system of measurement, the precursor to the International System .Giorgi was born in Lucca and studied engineering at the Institute of Technology of Rome, and was the director of the Technology Office of Rome between 1906 and 1923....
proposed a set of rational units of electromagnetism including the weber, noting that “the product of the volt into the second has been called the weber by the B. A.”. The International Electrotechnical Commission

International Electrotechnical Commission

The International Electrotechnical Commission is a Non-profit organization, non-governmental international standards organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies ? collectively known as "electrotechnology"....
began work on terminology in 1909 and established Technical Committee 1 in 1911, its oldest established committee, "to sanction the terms and definitions used in the different electrotechnical fields and to determine the equivalence of the terms used in the different languages."

.

It was not until 1927 that TC1 dealt with the study of various outstanding problems concerning electrical and magnetic quantities and units. Discussions of a theoretical nature were opened at which eminent electrical engineers and physicists considered whether magnetic field strength and magnetic flux density were in fact quantities of the same nature. As disagreement continued, the IEC decided on an effort to remedy the situation. It instructed a task force to study the question in readiness for the next meeting.

In 1930, TC1 decided that the magnetic field strength (H) is of a different nature than the magnetic flux density (B), and took up the question of naming the units for these fields and related quantities, among them the integral of magnetic flux density.

In 1935, TC 1 recommended names for several electrical units, including the weber for the practical unit of magnetic flux (and the maxwell

Maxwell (unit)

The maxwell, abbreviated as Mx, is the compound derived centimetre gram second system of units unit of magnetic flux. The unit was previously called a line....
for the CGS unit).

It was decided to extend the existing series of practical units into a complete comprehensive system of physical units, the recommendation being adopted in 1935 “that the system with four fundamental units proposed by Professor Giorgi be adopted subject to the fourth fundamental unit being eventually selected.” This system was given the designation of “Giorgi system.”

Also in 1935, TC1 passed responsibility for “electric and magnetic magnitudes and units? to the new TC24. This “led eventually to the universal adoption of the Giorgi system, which unified electromagnetic units with the MKS

Mks system of units

A physical system of units that expresses any given measurement using fundamental units of the metre, kilogram, and/or second . Historically the mks system of units led to the International System of Units, which now serves as the international standard....
dimensional system of units, the whole now known simply as the SI

Si, si, or SI may refer to :...
system (Système International d’unités).?

In 1938, TC24 “recommended as a connecting link [from mechanical to electrical units] the permeability of free space

Vacuum permeability

The vacuum permeability , referred to by international standards organizations as the magnetic constant, and denoted by the symbol ?0 , is a fundamental physical constant, relating mechanical and electromagnetic units of measurement....
with the value of … µ₀ = 4p · 10^–7 H/m.” It also “recognized that any one of the practical units already in use — ohm

Ohm

The ohm is the SI unit of electrical impedance or, in the direct current case, electrical resistance, named after Georg Ohm....
, ampere

Ampere

The ampere is the International System of Units unit of electric current. The ampere, in practice often shortened to amp, is an SI base unit, and is named after Andr?-Marie Amp?re, one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism....
, volt

Volt

Farad

The farad is the SI unit of capacitance. The farad is named after the British physicist Michael Faraday....
, coulomb

Coulomb

The coulomb is the SI unit of electric charge. It is named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb....
and weber — could equally serve as the fourth fundamental unit.” “After consultation … the ampere was adopted as the fourth unit of the Giorgi system in Paris in 1950.”