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Wave-formed ripples
 
 
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In sedimentology
Sedimentology

Sedimentology encompasses the study of modern sediments such as sand, mud , and clay, and understanding the processes that deposit them. Sedimentologists apply their understanding of modern processes to interpret geologic history through observations of sedimentary rocks and sedimentary structures....
, wave-formed ripples or wave-formed ripple marks are a feature of sediment
Sediment

Sediment is any particulate matter that can be sediment transport by fluid dynamics, and which eventually is deposited.Sediments are most often transported by water transported by wind and glaciers....
s (sandstone
Sandstone

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock Particle size . Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust ....
s, limestone
Limestone

File:Limestone Formation In Waitomo.jpgLimestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite . The deposition of limestone strata is often a by-product and indicator of biological activity in the geology record....
s, siltstone
Siltstone

Siltstone is a sedimentary rock which has a composition intermediate in Particle size between the coarser sandstones and the finer mudstones and shales....
s) and dune
Dune

In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by aeolian processes. Dunes are subject to different forms and sizes based on their interaction with the wind....
s. These ripple marks
Ripple marks

In geology, ripple marks are sedimentary structures that indicate agitation by water or wind. Capillary wave marks formed by water consist of two basic types:...
 are often characterised (and thus distinguished from current ripples) by symmetric cross-sections and long relatively straight crests, which may commonly bifurcate.






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Ripple Marks in Moenkopi Formation Rock Off of Capitol Reef Scenic Drive
In sedimentology
Sedimentology

Sedimentology encompasses the study of modern sediments such as sand, mud , and clay, and understanding the processes that deposit them. Sedimentologists apply their understanding of modern processes to interpret geologic history through observations of sedimentary rocks and sedimentary structures....
, wave-formed ripples or wave-formed ripple marks are a feature of sediment
Sediment

Sediment is any particulate matter that can be sediment transport by fluid dynamics, and which eventually is deposited.Sediments are most often transported by water transported by wind and glaciers....
s (sandstone
Sandstone

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock Particle size . Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust ....
s, limestone
Limestone

File:Limestone Formation In Waitomo.jpgLimestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite . The deposition of limestone strata is often a by-product and indicator of biological activity in the geology record....
s, siltstone
Siltstone

Siltstone is a sedimentary rock which has a composition intermediate in Particle size between the coarser sandstones and the finer mudstones and shales....
s) and dune
Dune

In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by aeolian processes. Dunes are subject to different forms and sizes based on their interaction with the wind....
s. These ripple marks
Ripple marks

In geology, ripple marks are sedimentary structures that indicate agitation by water or wind. Capillary wave marks formed by water consist of two basic types:...
 are often characterised (and thus distinguished from current ripples) by symmetric cross-sections and long relatively straight crests, which may commonly bifurcate. Their wavelength (periodicity) depends on the sediment grain size, water depth and water-particle orbits in the waves. On tidal flats the pattern of wave-formed ripples may be complicated, as a product of changing depth and wind and tidal runoff directions.

While wave-formed ripples are traditionally described as symmetrical, asymmetric wave ripples are common in shallow waters along sandy shores. They are produced by bottom oscillations generated by passing breaker waves, which have unequal intensity in opposite directions.

Wave-formed ripples indicate an environment with weak currents where water motion is dominated by wave oscillations.