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The War against Gallus (351–352) was a Jewish revolt against the Roman Empire
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
 directed against the rule of Constantius Gallus
Constantius Gallus

Flavius Claudius Constantius Gallus , better known as Constantius Gallus, was a member of the Constantinian dynasty and Caesar of the Roman Empire ....
, brother-in-law of Emperor Constantius II
Constantius II

Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty....
 and Caesar
Caesar (title)

Caesar , Latin: Caesar , is a title of emperor character. It derives from the Roman naming convention#Cognomen of Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator....
 of the East. The revolt was subdued by Gallus' general Ursicinus
Ursicinus (Roman general)

Ursicinus was the "master of cavalry" in the Eastern Roman Empire c. 349-359.In 353, Ammianus Marcellinus was attached to the command of Ursicinus at his headquarters in Nisibis....
.

Revolt
The leader of the Jews in their battle against the Romans was Patricius, also known as Natrona, a name with messianic connotations.






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The War against Gallus (351–352) was a Jewish revolt against the Roman Empire
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
 directed against the rule of Constantius Gallus
Constantius Gallus

Flavius Claudius Constantius Gallus , better known as Constantius Gallus, was a member of the Constantinian dynasty and Caesar of the Roman Empire ....
, brother-in-law of Emperor Constantius II
Constantius II

Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty....
 and Caesar
Caesar (title)

Caesar , Latin: Caesar , is a title of emperor character. It derives from the Roman naming convention#Cognomen of Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator....
 of the East. The revolt was subdued by Gallus' general Ursicinus
Ursicinus (Roman general)

Ursicinus was the "master of cavalry" in the Eastern Roman Empire c. 349-359.In 353, Ammianus Marcellinus was attached to the command of Ursicinus at his headquarters in Nisibis....
.

Background


The Jewish community in Palestine was severely oppressed by Gallus, the Roman Emperor of the east, who inflicted harsh and cruel policies. This infuriated the local Jewish community.

Revolt


The leader of the Jews in their battle against the Romans was Patricius, also known as Natrona, a name with messianic connotations. The rebellion started at Sepphoris where the Jews managed to gain possession. It then spread to Tiberias
Tiberias

Tiberias is a town on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, Lower Galilee, Israel. It was named in honour of the emperor Tiberius....
 and Lydda.

Roman reaction


The Roman General Ursicinus reacted quickly and fervently. Many of the revolting towns and other neighbouring towns were destroyed. In Sepphoris itself the uprising was put down but the city was not destroyed. However, in 363 an earthquake destroyed the city, which was then rebuilt but the damages are still evident in excavations.

A midrash
Midrash

Midrash is a Hebrew language term referring to the not exact, but comparative method of exegesis of Biblical texts, which is one of four methods cumulatively called Pardes ....
 suggests that Patricius was killed in the battle.

Consequences


After the events, a permanent garrison occupied Galilee. Because the Talmud centers were in the cities affected, the Jewish learning in the land of Israel was weakened.