Walter Riedel
Encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Klaus Riedel
Klaus Riedel
Klaus Riedel was a German rocket pioneer. He was involved in many early liquid-fuelled rocket experiments, and eventually worked on the V-2 missile programme at Peenemünde....

 or Walther Riedel, who were also Peenemünde engineers.

Walter J H "Papa" Riedel was a German engineer
Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...

 who was the head of the Design Office of the Army Research Centre Peenemünde
Peenemünde
The Peenemünde Army Research Center was founded in 1937 as one of five military proving grounds under the Army Weapons Office ....

 and the Chief Designer of the A4 (V-2) ballistic rocket. The crater Riedel
Riedel (crater)
Riedel is an impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It is located to the north-northeast of the crater Karrer, and due south of Leavitt.This is a worn crater with smaller craters along the rim to the north and southwest. There is a small craterlet along the southern inner wall...

 on the Moon
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only known natural satellite,There are a number of near-Earth asteroids including 3753 Cruithne that are co-orbital with Earth: their orbits bring them close to Earth for periods of time but then alter in the long term . These are quasi-satellites and not true moons. For more...

 was co-named for him and the German rocket pioneer Klaus Riedel
Klaus Riedel
Klaus Riedel was a German rocket pioneer. He was involved in many early liquid-fuelled rocket experiments, and eventually worked on the V-2 missile programme at Peenemünde....

.

Biography

Employed by the Heylandt Company from 27 February 1928, in December 1929 Riedel was assigned responsibility for the development of rocket motors using liquid propellants, initially in collaboration with Max Valier who had joined the company at that date. From 1930, they were assisted by Arthur Rudolf. Riedel took over full responsibility for the rocket motor development in 1930, after Valier’s untimely death (following a rocket motor explosion during a test using paraffin as fuel instead of ethyl alcohol) In 1934, research and development of the Heylandt Company was taken over by the Army and amalgamated with the Wernher von Braun Group at the Army Proving Grounds at Kummersdorf, near Berlin, in order to carry out research and development of long-range rocket missiles. In March 1936, Wernher von Braun and Walter Riedel began consideration of much larger rockets than the A3 (under development at that time), which was merely a test vehicle and could not carry any payload. Along with Walter Dornberger, plans were drawn up for a more suitable and better equipped test site for large rockets at Peememünde, to take the place of the rather confined Kummersdorf. From 17 May 1937, following the transfer of the rocket activities from Kummersdorf to the Army’s new rocket establishment at Peenemünde, Riedel headed the Technical Design Office as Chief Designer of the A4 (V2) ballistic rocket After the air raid by the British Royal Air Force (Operation Hydra) on Peenemünde in August 1943, the transfer of the development facility was ordered to a location giving better protection from air attack. The air raid had cost the lives of Dr Walter Thiel (Propulsion Chief) and Erich Walther (Chief of Maintenance for the workshops), two leading men at the Peenemünde Army facilities. In mid-September 1943, Riedel and two others surveyed the Austrian Alps for a new site for rocket development to replace that at Peenemünde. The chosen location was at Ebensee, on the southern end of the Traunsee, 100 km east of Salzburg. The site consisted of a system of galleries driven into the mountains, and received the code name Zement (Cement). Work on the site started at the beginning of 1944 and was intended to be completed in October 1945. From 1 October 1943, Riedel was responsible for supervising the transfer, to Ebensee, of the Peenemünde development facility. From 29 May 1945 to 20 September 1945, following the end of World War II, Riedel was held in protective custody (Sicherheitshaft) at the US Third Army’s internment camp at Deggendorf (situated between Regensburg and Passau). From 1 November 1945 to 10 March 1946 he was employed by the Ministry of Supply (MoS) Establishment at Altenwalde (near Cuxhaven), and from 11 March to 31 July 1946 at the MoS Establishment at Trauen (near Braunschweig). After the Trauen Establishment was disbanded, Riedel emigrated to England, to work initially (from 1947) at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough and later (from 1948 until his death in 1968) at the MoS Rocket Propulsion Department (RPD) in Westcott (near Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire). Walter “Papa” Riedel never worked in or visited America.
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