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Wallingford
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Wallingford is a small market town and civil parish in the upper Thames Valley in Oxfordshire, England.
ingford is on the western side of the River Thames. Across the river is the village of Crowmarsh Gifford. The two are linked by Wallingford Bridge, a 900 ft long mediaeval stone bridge across the river and the adjacent flood plain.
centre of Wallingford has the feel of a typical old market town, with a large open town square around the war memorial, the 17th century arcaded town hall and the church of St Mary-le-More, and flanked by numerous shops.

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Encyclopedia
Wallingford is a small market town and civil parish in the upper Thames Valley in Oxfordshire, England.
Geography
Wallingford is on the western side of the River Thames. Across the river is the village of Crowmarsh Gifford. The two are linked by Wallingford Bridge, a 900 ft long mediaeval stone bridge across the river and the adjacent flood plain.
Character and local government
The centre of Wallingford has the feel of a typical old market town, with a large open town square around the war memorial, the 17th century arcaded town hall and the church of St Mary-le-More, and flanked by numerous shops. There are some picturesque alleyways and a number of historic inns. Although only a small town, Wallingford has three ancient churches and a modern Roman Catholic church. It once had 14 churches. Amenities include the Wallingford Museum, the theatre, the Cholsey and Wallingford steam railway, public parks (one with a castle ruin), a festival, and the annual BunkFest folk festival. In recent years, the town has been used as a location for filming, including Midsomer Murders. Wallingford is run by a town council consisting of 16 councillors. It is part of the South Oxfordshire district. The current mayor is Alec Hayton.
History
Wallingford grew up around an important crossing point of the River Thames. The place has been fortified since at least Saxon times, when it was an important fortified borough of Wessex with the right to mint Royal coinage. It was enclosed with substantial earthworks by King Alfred the Great in the 9th century as part of a network of fortified towns known as burhs to protect Wessex against the Vikings. These can still be seen around the centre of the town and are probably the best preserved such fortifications in England. Wallingford became the chief town of Berkshire and the seat of the county's Ealdorman. During the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the Saxon lord Wigod allowed William the Conqueror's invading armies to cross the Thames unopposed from west to east in order that his army might march on Berkhamsted, where he received the English surrender before marching on London. At that time, the river at Wallingford was the lowest point at which the river could be forded. The town subsequently stood in high favour with the Normans. The Domesday Book of 1085 lists Wallingford as one of only 18 towns in the kingdom with a population of over 2,000 people.
- See main article: Wallingford Castle.
Wallingford Castle was built soon afterwards and became a key strategic centre for the Empress Matilda's party during the civil war that began after her father Henry I's death. The place was besieged a number of times and the Treaty of Wallingford ending the conflict was concluded there in November 1153. The town was granted a Royal Charter in 1155 by the new king, Henry II, being the second town in England to receive one. The castle was a regular royal residence until the Black Death hit the town badly in 1349. The castle declined subsequently, much stone being removed to renovate Windsor Castle, but it became a Royalist stronghold during the English Civil War. It was the last holdout of the Royalists in Berkshire, and the castle withstood a 65-day siege. Oliver Cromwell subsequently ordered the destruction of what was left of the castle and little now remains. Some of the castle rubble was used to construct a tower for the church of St Mary-le-More.
Wallingford flourished as a trading centre throughout most of the Middle Ages, and Wallingford Priory produced two of the greatest minds of the age, the mathematician Richard of Wallingford and the chronicler John of Wallingford. After the opening of Abingdon Bridge in 1416 the town went into economic decline. This was only revived in the 18th century when the legal writer and Wallingford resident, William Blackstone, established two turnpike roads through the town. The brewing industry was important with two breweries and 17 maltings in the town. This link was ended with the demolition of Paul's Malt in 2001.
Transport
Train
Wallingford was connected to the railway network at Cholsey in 1866 by the Wallingford and Watlington Railway. Poor traffic receipts meant that the planned extension to Watlington was never built. The line was sold to the Great Western Railway in 1872, and became known as the Wallingford Bunk. It closed to passengers in 1959 and the last goods traffic ran in 1965. However, part of the line has been preserved as the Cholsey and Wallingford Railway .
Bus
There are frequent buses to Reading and Oxford by Thames Travel, services X39 and X40. Other local services are provided by Thames Travel and Heyfordian .
Employment
The main employers are primarily on the Hithercroft Trading Estate (established in the 1970s), and include Habitat, , Royal Mail and Fugro.
Sport and leisure
A.F.C. Wallingford is the local football club. Other sports clubs include rugby club, , , and the .
Schools
There are three primary schools: Fir Tree, St John's and St Nicholas's. Wallingford School is the secondary school in the area, to the north of the town.
Town Twinning
Wallingford has formal town twinning links with:
Luxeuil-les-Bains, France;
Bad Wurzach, Germany;
and informal links with:
Wallingford, Connecticut, USA;
Wallingford, Washington State, USA.
Famous residents and associated persons
- For residents, constables and prisoners at the castle, see Wallingford Castle.
In the town:
- Kevin Bailey, poet
- Evelyn Barbirolli, oboeist
- William Blackstone, legal writer
- Charlie Brooker, comedy writer and presenter
- John Buckley, sculptor
- Agatha Christie, mystery writer
- Gary Elkins, football player
- Edgar Field, England footballer and winner of the FA Cup in 1880
- Dulcie Gray, actress
- Max Mallowan, archaeologist
- James H. McClure, mystery writer
- Ann Packer, athlete
- Moses Roper, former slave
- Paul Rotha, documentary film maker
- Gladys Bronwyn Stern, novelist
- Simon Watson Taylor, actor, translator and surrealist
- Thomas Tusser, poet
- John of Wallingford, chronicler
- Richard of Wallingford, mathematician and clockmaker
- Richard of Wallingford, organiser in the Peasant's Revolt
- William of Wallingford, builder of Wallingford Screen at St Albans Cathedral
- Rex Warner, writer
- Peter Cathcart Wason, psychologist
- Charles West, mystery writer
Wallingford used to return two Members of Parliament (cut to one in 1832 and none in 1885), and had some well-known MPs (often not resident) including:
- William Seymour Blackstone, builder of Howbery Park, Crowmarsh Gifford
- Thomas Browne (High Sheriff of Kent), Chancellor of the Exchequer
- John Cator, timber merchant
- Thomas Digges, astronomer
- Sir Charles Dilke, 1st Baronet, promoter of The Great Exhibition
- Edmund Dunch, member of the Kit-Kat Club
- Sir John Fortescue, Chancellor of the Exchequer
- George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, astronomer
- Sir Thomas Parry, Comptroller of the Household to Elizabeth I
- George Pigot, Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras
- Robert Pigot, Lieutenant General in the American Revolutionary War
- Edmund Plowden, lawyer who defended religious freedom
- Francis Sykes, builder of Basildon Park
- Nathaniel William Wraxall, writer
- For more details, see Wallingford (UK Parliament constituency)
External links
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- . (For the informally twinned Seattle city's counterpart site see
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