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Vucitrn or Vushtrri ( or Vushtrria; ; , Vucitrn, Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
: Vystria, ??st??a) is a city and municipality
Municipalities of Kosovo

A Municipality is the basic administrative division in Kosovo....
 in north-eastern Kosovo
Kosovo

Kosovo is a disputed region in the Balkans. Its majority is governed by the partially-recognised Republic of Kosovo . Serbia does not recognise the secession of Kosovo and considers it a United Nations-governed entity within its sovereign territory, the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija that was re-created by Slobodan M...
. It is the seat of the Mitrovica District. The name of the city means "wolf's thorn", the name of the spiny restharrow plant in Serbian.

Although there is no official data, the total population of the municipality is estimated at 106,000. It is also the home of the Kosovo Police Service
Kosovo Police Service

The Kosovo Police Service was created in 1999 in the aftermath of the Kosovo War and subsequent withdrawal of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and forces from Kosovo....
 training school where from 1999 members of the OSCE
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, human rights, freedom of the press, and fair elections....
 trained the new multiethnic police service following the departure of the Serbs
Serbs

Serbs are a South Slavs people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia....
 in 1999.






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Vucitrn or Vushtrri ( or Vushtrria; ; , Vucitrn, Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
: Vystria, ??st??a) is a city and municipality
Municipalities of Kosovo

A Municipality is the basic administrative division in Kosovo....
 in north-eastern Kosovo
Kosovo

Kosovo is a disputed region in the Balkans. Its majority is governed by the partially-recognised Republic of Kosovo . Serbia does not recognise the secession of Kosovo and considers it a United Nations-governed entity within its sovereign territory, the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija that was re-created by Slobodan M...
. It is the seat of the Mitrovica District. The name of the city means "wolf's thorn", the name of the spiny restharrow plant in Serbian.

Although there is no official data, the total population of the municipality is estimated at 106,000. It is also the home of the Kosovo Police Service
Kosovo Police Service

The Kosovo Police Service was created in 1999 in the aftermath of the Kosovo War and subsequent withdrawal of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and forces from Kosovo....
 training school where from 1999 members of the OSCE
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, human rights, freedom of the press, and fair elections....
 trained the new multiethnic police service following the departure of the Serbs
Serbs

Serbs are a South Slavs people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia....
 in 1999. The staff at the training school were made up of serving and retired police officers from the member states of the OSCE.

Ancient History



Vicianum ("Area of Calves"), as it was called by its ancient Illyria
Illyria

'Illyria' was in Classical antiquity a region in the western part of today's Balkan Peninsula, inhabited by tribes of Illyrians, an ancient people who spoke the Illyrian languages....
n inhabitants, is an ancient population settlement, which dates back to before the Roman Empire
Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
. At the end of the first century B.C., Viciana was conquered by the Romans. During this occupation, Viciana developed a considerable economy and a thriving culture. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Viciana was transferred to Byzantine
Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
 rule. After the Great Schism
Great Schism

The term Great Schism may refer to one of several events in Christianity:* The East-West Schism , between Western Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church Christianity....
 of the Church in 1054, the majority of Vicianum's population remained Catholic
Catholic

Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek language adjective , meaning "whole" or "complete". In the context of Christianity ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages....
.

In the fourteenth century the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
 began to expand into the Balkans
Balkans

The Balkans is the historical name of a geographic subregion of southeastern Europe. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains, which run through the centre of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia....
, with the Ottoman presence in Vucitrn first recorded in 1439, 50 years after the 1389 Battle of Kosovo
Battle of Kosovo

The Battle of Kosovo was fought on Vidovdan between the Serbian Empire, her allies, and the Ottoman Empire, in a Gazimestan about 5 kilometers northwest of Pristina....
 signaled the entrance of the Ottomans to Kosovo. The establishment of Ottoman administration in Vucitrn spread Islam
Islam

Islam is a Monotheism, Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure....
 to the municipality and the construction of mosques, inns, madrassa's and hamam
Hamam

Hamam may refer to:* Turkish bath in Turkish* Hamam , a European film directed by Ferzan Ozpetek* Hamam , brand of soap in India* Sam Hammam, Lebanese businessman and soccer guru...
s (public baths) followed. Between the 15th-18th Centuries, Vucitrn was one of the largest settlements in the Balkans and it was the center of a very important sandjak (administrative unit) of the Ottoman Empire.

20th Century History


During World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 Vucitrn was occupied by Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
 and after the war incorporated into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a monarchy stretching from the Western Balkans to Central Europe which existed during the often-tumultuous interwar era of 1918?1941....
. During World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
 the city was incorporated into the German zone of occupation. In November 1944, the Yugoslav Communist administration was established.

In March 1989, Serbian state
Serbia

Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
 authorities abolished the Constitution
Constitution

A constitution is a system for government — often codified as a written document — that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity....
 of 1974. This eventually led to an armed uprising organized by the Kosovo Liberation Army
Kosovo Liberation Army

The Kosovo Liberation Army or KLA was a Kosovar Albanians guerilla group which sought the independence of Kosovo from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the 1990s....
 (KLA), and the intervention by NATO
NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization , also called the Atlantic Alliance, is a military alliance established by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949....
 forces in March-June 1999. NATO forces entered Vucitrn on 16 June 1999.

Demographics

Ethnic Composition, Including IDPs
Year/PopulationAlbanian %Serb %Roma %Ashkali %Total
January 1999 81,807 93.3 5,466 6.2 300 3.4 150 1.7 87,723
Current figure, est. 98,000 95.4 4,137 4.0 125 1.2 400 3.9 102,662
Ref: OSCE (/ )


See also

  • Mitrovica District
  • Stanovci
  • Valchitran


External links


  • (English)