Vrindavan (alternate spellings
Vrindaban or
Brindavan or
Brundavan), or
Vraj in
Mathura districtMathura District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. The historic town of Mathura is the district headquarters.The district is bounded on the northeast by Aligarh District, on the southeast by Hathras District, on the south by Agra District, and on the west and northwest by...
,
Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh , [often referred to as U.P.] is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 190 million people,...
,
IndiaIndia, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal...
is a town on the site of an ancient forest which is the region where Lord Krishna spent his childhood days. It lies in the
BrajBraj is a region in Uttar Pradesh of India, around Mathura-Vrindavan. Braj, though never a clearly defined political region in India but is very well demarcated culturally, is considered to be the land of Krishna and is derived from the Sanskrit word vraja...
region. The town is nicknamed "Widow City" after the large population of relocated widows.
It is about 15 km away from Mathura, the city of Lord
KrishnaKrishna is a deity worshipped across many traditions in Hinduism in a variety of perspectives...
's birthplace, near the
AgraAgra is a city on the banks of the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It finds mention in the epic Mahābhārata where it was called Agrevaṇa , or 'the border of the forest'. Legend ascribes the founding of the city to Rājā Badal Singh , whose fort, Badalgarh, stood on or...
-
DelhiDelhi, known locally as Dilli , and also by the official name National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India...
highway. The town hosts hundreds of temples dedicated to the worship of
RadhaRadha is the principal devotee of Krishna in the Bhagavata Purana, and the Gita Govinda of the Hindu religion. Radha is almost always depicted alongside Krishna and features prominently within the theology of today's Gaudiya Vaishnava religion, which regards Radha as the original Goddess or Shakti...
and Krishna.
In the last 250 years, the extensive forests of Vrindavan have been subjected to urbanization, first by local Rajas and in recent decades by apartment developers. The forest cover has been whittled away to only a few copses, and the local wildlife, including peacocks,
cowsCattle are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius...
,
monkeyA monkey is any cercopithecoid or platyrrhine primate. All primates that are not prosimians or apes are monkeys. The 264 known extant monkey species represent two of the three groupings of simian primates...
s and a variety of
birdBirds are winged, bipedal, endothermic , vertebrate animals that lay eggs. There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Birds range in size from the Bee Hummingbird to the ...
species has been eliminated or are close to it. A few peacocks and monkeys can be seen found but cows are now only found in the gosalas of the Major Ashrams of Vrindavan.
Etymology
The ancient name of the city, 'Brindaban' comes from its ancient groves of 'Brinda'
Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil) or
TulsiOcimum tenuiflorum is an aromatic plant in the family Lamiaceae...
with
ban meaning a grove or a forest. Two small groves still exist at Nidhivan and Seva Kunj
History
Vrindavan has an ancient past, associated with Hindu folklore, and is an important Hindu pigrimage site. One of its oldest surviving temples is the Govind Deo temple, built in 1590, with the town founded earlier in the same century .
Religious heritage
Vrindavan is considered to be a holy place by all traditions of
HinduismHinduism is the predominant religion of the Indian subcontinent. Hinduism is often referred to as ', a Sanskrit phrase meaning "the eternal law", by its adherents. Generic "types" of Hinduism that attempt to accommodate a variety of complex views span folk and Vedic Hinduism to bhakti tradition, as...
. The major tradition followed in the area is Vaisnavism, and it is a center of learning with many Vrindavan Ashrams operating. Its a center of Krishna worship and the area includes places like Govardhana and
GokulAccording to Hindu mythology concerning Lord Krishna, Gokul was the place where Lord Krishna was brought up under the care of Nanda and Yashoda, the first family of the village. Since Kamsa, Krishna's uncle, used to kill every baby born to Devaki, Nanda exchanged his own new born daughter with...
that are associated with Krishna. Many millions of
bhaktas or devotees of
Radha KrishnaRadha Krishna is a Hindu deity. Krishna is often referred as svayam bhagavan in Gaudiya Vaishnavism theology and Radha is a young woman, a gopi who is Krishna's supreme beloved. With Krishna, Radha is acknowledged as the Supreme Goddess, for it is said that she controls Krishna with Her love...
visit these places of pilgrimage every year and participate in a number of festivals that relate to the scenes from Krishna's life on Earth.
According to tradition and recorded evidence, Krishna was raised in the cowherding village of
GokulAccording to Hindu mythology concerning Lord Krishna, Gokul was the place where Lord Krishna was brought up under the care of Nanda and Yashoda, the first family of the village. Since Kamsa, Krishna's uncle, used to kill every baby born to Devaki, Nanda exchanged his own new born daughter with...
by his foster parents
Nanda MaharajNanda or Nandagopa, according to the Harivamsha and the Puranas, was the head of the gopas . On the night of Krishna's appearance or birth, Vasudeva brought Krishna to Nanda for Krishna's childhood years. Nanda brought up both Krishna and Balarama. Nanda was married to Yasoda...
and
YasodaYasoda was wife of Nanda within the Puranic texts of Hinduism. Within the Bhagavata Purana it is describe that Yasoda later became the foster-mother to Krishna, who was born to Devaki but was given to Yashoda and Nanda in Gokul, by Krishna's father Vasudeva on the night of his birth, for his...
. The
Bhagavata PuranaThe Bhāgavata Purāṇa is one of the "Maha" Puranic texts of Hindu literature, with its primary focus on bhakti to the incarnations of Vishnu, particularly Krishna. The Sanskrit text comprises twelve skandas and 13,216 verses by one count...
describes Krishna's early childhood
pastimesLila , or Leela is a concept within Hinduism literally meaning "pastime", "sport" or "play". It is common to both non-dualistic and dualistic philosophical schools, but has a markedly different significance in each. Within non-dualism, Lila is a way of describing all reality, including the cosmos,...
in the Vrindavan
forestA forest is an area with a high density of trees. There are many definitions of a forest, based on the various criteria. These plant communities presently cover approximately 9.4% of the Earth's surface in many different regions and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators,...
where he, his brother
BalaramaBalarama , also known as Baladeva, Baldau, Balabhadra and Halayudha, is the elder brother of the divine being, Krishna in Hinduism. Within Vaishnavism and a number of South Indian, Hindu traditions Balarama is worshipped as an avatar of Vishnu, and he is also listed as such in the Bhagavata Purana...
, and his cowherd friends stole butter, engaged in childhood pranks and fought with
demonIn Hindi, Raksha means 'protection'. This word is derived from the Sanskrit language.Raksha is the basic spirit with which the festival Rakshabandhan is celebrated in India. In this festival, a sister ties a string, known as Rakhi, around the wrist of her brother, asking him to protect her...
s. Along with these activities, Krishna is also described as meeting and dancing with the local girls of Vrindavan village, especially Radharani, who were known as
gopiGopi is a word of Sanskrit origin meaning 'cow-herd girl'. In Hinduism specifically the name gopi is used more commonly to refer to the group of cow herding girls famous within Vaishnava Theology for their unconditional devotion to Krishna as described in the stories of Bhagavata Purana and...
s. These pastimes were the source of inspiration for the famous
SanskritSanskrit is a historical Indo-Aryan language, one of the liturgical languages of Hinduism and Buddhism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. It is also declared as a classical language by the government of India....
poem,
Gita GovindaThe Gita Govinda is a work composed by the 12th-century poet, Jayadeva, who was born in Kenduli Sasan near Puri in Orissa. It describes the relationship between Krishna and the gopis of Vrindavana, and in particular one gopi named Radha...
, by the Orissan poet,
JayadevaJayadeva was a Sanskrit poet, who lived in what is now Orissa, circa 1200 AD. He is most known for his composition, the epic poem Gita Govinda, which depicts the divine love of the Hindu deity Krishna and his consort, Radha, and is considered an important text in the Bhakti movement of Hinduism...
(c. 1200 AD).
Temples
The most popular temples include:
- The Madan Mohan Temple located near the Kali Ghat was built by Kapur Ram Das of Multan
is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. It is located in the southern part of the province. Multan District has a population of over 3.8 million—according to 1998 census—and the city itself is the sixth largest within the boundaries of Pakistan...
. This is the oldest temple in Vrindavan. The temple is closely associated with the saint Chaitanya MahaprabhuChaitanya Mahaprabhu , was a monk and social reformer of eastern India in the 16th century...
who is the incarnation of the Supreme Lord Krishna in the iron age of Kaliyuga and he spread the Congregational chanting of the Holy names. Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare is the prescribed chant leading to the perfection of life in Kaliyuga as stated in the Kali Santarana Upanishad. The original image of Lord Madan Gopal was shifted from the shrine to KarauliKarauli is a town lying in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The town is the administrative center of Karauli District, and was formerly the capital of the erstwhile princely state of Karauli.-Geography:...
in Rajasthan for safe keeping during AurangzebMuhi ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, more commonly known as Aurangzeb Muhi ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, more commonly known as Aurangzeb Muhi ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, more commonly known as Aurangzeb ( (full title: Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan...
's rule. Today, a replica of the image is worshiped at the temple.
- The Banke Bihari Temple
Banke Bihari Mandir is the most popular Hindu temple of Lord Krishna in Vrindavan, Mathura, especially in the month of Shraavana . Banke Bihari was originally worshiped at Nidhivana...
, built in 1862 is the most popular shrine at Vrindavan. The image of Banke-Bihari was discovered in Nidhi Vana by Swami HaridasRasik Sirmor Swami Shri Haridas Ji Maharaj was born in Hindu Samvat 1537 in Rajpur Village of Vrindavan, Mathura. His father was Shri Gangadhar Ji & Mother was Chitra Ji....
, the great Krishna devotee, belonging to the NimbarkaNimbarka , is known for propagating the Vaishnava Theology of Dvaitadvaita, duality in unity. According to scholars headed by Prof. Roma Bose, he lived in the 13th Century, on the assumption that Śrī Nimbārkācārya was the author of the work Madhvamukhamardana...
sampradaya.
- The famous Radha Vallabh Temple set up by the Radha-Vallabh sampradaya, through Sri Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu, has the crown of Radharani placed next to the Shri Krishna image in the sanctum.
- The Jaipur Temple which was built by Sawai Madho Singh II, the Maharaja of Jaipur
Jaipur , also popularly known as the Pink City, is the capital of Rajasthan state, India. Jaipur is the former capital of the princely state of Jaipur...
in 1917, is a richly embellished and opulent temple. The fine hand - carved sandstone is of unparalleled workmanship. The temple is dedicated to Shri Radha MadhavaMādhava may be*a Sanskrit patronymic, "descendant of Madhu ".** especially of Krishna or Parashurama as incarnations of Vishnu, see Madhava *** an icon of Krishna...
.
- Sri Radha Raman Mandir constructed at the request of Gopala Bhatta Goswami
Gopala Bhatta Goswami is one of the foremost disciples of the Vaishnava saint, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, and a leading historical figure in the Gaudiya Vaishnava school of Hinduism...
around 1542 is one most exquisitely crafted and revered temples of Vrindavan, especially by the Goswamis. It still houses the original saligram deity of Krishna, alongside Radharani.
- The Shahji Temple, another popular temple at Vrindavan, was designed and built in 1876 by a wealthy jeweller, Shah Kundan Lal of Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division...
. The deities (images) at the temple are popularly known as the Chhote Radha Raman. Noted for its magnificent architecture and beautiful marble sculpture, the temple has twelve spiral columns each 15 feet high. The `Basanti Kamra' - the darbar hall is famed for its Belgian glass chandeliers and fine paintings.
- The Rangaji Temple, built in 1851 is dedicated to Lord Ranganatha or Rangaji depicted as Lord Vishnu
Vishnu , , is the Supreme God in Vaishnavite tradition of Hinduism. Smarta followers of Adi Shankara, among others, venerate Vishnu as one of the five primary forms of God...
in his sheshashayi pose, resting on the coils of the sacred Sesha Naga. The temple built in the Dravidian style (as a replica of SrivilliputhurSrivilliputhur is a city and a municipality in Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu...
) has a tall gopuram (gateway), of six storeys and a gold - plated Dhwaja stambha, 50 feet high. A water tank and a picturesque garden lie within the temple enclosure. The annual festival of Jal Vihar of the presiding deity is performed with great pomp and splendour at the tank. The temple is also famous for its `Brahmotsdav' celebration in March-April, more popularly known as the `Rath ka Mela'. The ten day long celebrations are marked by the pulling of the rath (the chariotTemple cars are chariots used to carry idols of Hindu gods. The car is usually used on festival days, when many people pull the cart.Puri, in Orissa and Thiruvarur, in Tamil Nadu, host some of the largest annual temple car festivals....
car) by the devotees from the temple to the adjoining gardens. The prayers within the temple are performed, following in the style of AndalAandaal is an 8th century Tamil saint and one of the twelve Alvars and the only woman Alvar of Vaishnavism. She is credited with the great Tamil works of Thirupavai and Nachiar Tirumozhi that are still recited by devotees during the Winter festival season of Margazhi. Aandaal is known for her...
, one of the twelve Vaishnava Saints of South India.
- The Govind Deo (Govinda
' and ' are names of Krishna, referring to his youthful occupation as a cowherd.Both names translate to "cowherd". Sanskrit go means "cow"; pāla and vinda form tatpurusha compounds, literally translating to "finder of cows" and "protector of cows", respectively.The story of how Krishna was given...
ji) Temple was once a magnificent seven storeyed structure built in the form of a Greek cross. It is said that the Emperor Akbar donated some of the red sandstone that had been brought for the Red Fort at AgraAgra is a city on the banks of the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It finds mention in the epic Mahābhārata where it was called Agrevaṇa , or 'the border of the forest'. Legend ascribes the founding of the city to Rājā Badal Singh , whose fort, Badalgarh, stood on or...
, for the construction of this temple. Built at the astronomical cost of one croreA crore is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to ten million , or 100 lakh. It is widely used in Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan. It was 500,000 in the now-obsolete Persian number system.Large money amounts in India are often written in the form "Rs 23 cr", that is,...
rupees in 1590 by his general Raja Man Singh, the temple combines western, Hindu and Muslim architectural elements in its structure. It was destroyed by Mughal ruler AurangzebMuhi ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, more commonly known as Aurangzeb Muhi ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, more commonly known as Aurangzeb Muhi ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, more commonly known as Aurangzeb ( (full title: Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan...
.
- The Sri Krishna-Balarama Temple built by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness
The International Society for Krishna Consciousness , also known as the Hare Krishna movement, is one of the Hindu Vaishnava religious organizations. It was founded in 1966 in New York City by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada...
(ISKCON) in a location known as 'Raman-Reti', is one of the most beautiful temples in Vrindavan today. The principal deities of this temple are Krishna & Balaram, with Radha-ShyamShyam may refer to:*a name of Krishna*Shyam *Shyam...
asundar and Gaura-NitaiNityananda , a Vaishnava saint, is famous as a primary religious figure within the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition of Bengal. Nityananda was Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's friend & disciple...
alongside. Adjoining the temple is the samadhi of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami PrabhupadaAbhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada was a Vaishnava Hindu teacher and the founder-acharya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, commonly known as the "Hare Krishna Movement"...
, the founder of ISKCON, built in pure white marble.
- The Radha Damodar Mandir Located at Seva Kunj, the Mandir was established in 1542 by Srila Jiva Goswami. The deities Sri Sri Radha
Radha is the principal devotee of Krishna in the Bhagavata Purana, and the Gita Govinda of the Hindu religion. Radha is almost always depicted alongside Krishna and features prominently within the theology of today's Gaudiya Vaishnava religion, which regards Radha as the original Goddess or Shakti...
DamodarDamodar can refer to:* Damodar Das Arora a famous Punjabi Poet* Damodar River in India* Damodar * Damodar Pande - First Prime Minister of Nepal...
are here. The bhajan kutir of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada is also situated at the Mandir.
- Shri maa katyayni mandir the temple is situated in Radha Bagh, near rangnath mandir. This is one of suddh shakti peeth of maa durga.
- Chintaharan Hanuman Mandir' this temple of lord Hanuman
Hanuman , known also as Anjaneya or Maruti , is one of the most popular concepts of devotees of God in Hinduism and one of the most important personalities in the Indian epic, the Ramayana...
is situated near atalvan.
- Shree Radha Ras Bihari Ashta Sakhi Temple In Vrindavan, the “Lila Sthan” (the place of the divine passion play) of Lord Krishna, lies the temple that is a must visit destination for devotees completing the 84 kosh Vraj Parikrama Yatra. The temple is centuries old and is the first Indian temple that is dedicated to the divine couple and their Ashta Sakhi’s - the eight “companions” of Radha who were intimately involved in her love play with the Lord Krishna. The Ashta Sakhis are mentioned in the ancient texts of Puranas
The Puranas are a group of important Hindu religious texts, notably consisting of narratives of the history of the Universe from creation to destruction, genealogies of the kings, heroes, sages, and demigods, and descriptions of Hindu cosmology, philosophy, and geography...
and the Bhagavata PuranaThe Bhāgavata Purāṇa is one of the "Maha" Puranic texts of Hindu literature, with its primary focus on bhakti to the incarnations of Vishnu, particularly Krishna. The Sanskrit text comprises twelve skandas and 13,216 verses by one count...
. The temple is called Shree Radha Ras Bihari Ashta Sakhi Mandir and it is home to the divine Rasa LilaThe Rasa lila or Rasa dance is part of the traditional story of Krishna described in Hindu scriptures such as the Bhagavata Purana and literature such as the Gita Govinda, where he dances with Radha and her sakhis....
of Lord Krishna and Radharani. It is located in close proximity to the Shri Banke Behari Mandir. Legend has it that the Shree Radha Rasa Behari Ashta Sakhi Mandir is one of the two places in Mathura, Vrindavan where the Lord Krishna actually indulges in the Rasa Lila with his beloved Radha and her sakhis. On these nights, devotees have reported hearing the sound of the anklets, beating in tune to a divine melody.
Other sacred sites
Other places of interest include Seva Kunj, Kesi Ghat, Sriji Temple, Jugal Kishore Temple, Lal Babu Temple, Raj Ghat, Kusuma Sarovar, Meera-Bai Temple, Imli Tal, Kaliya Ghat, Raman Reti, Varaha Ghat and Chira Ghat, and across the river, a short boat-ride away is the samadhi shrine of Devraha Baba, a revered saint of the last century.
The Seva Kunj is where Lord Krishna once performed the Raaslila with Radha-Rani and the gopis and Nidhi Van where the divine couple rested. The samadhi of
Swami HaridasRasik Sirmor Swami Shri Haridas Ji Maharaj was born in Hindu Samvat 1537 in Rajpur Village of Vrindavan, Mathura. His father was Shri Gangadhar Ji & Mother was Chitra Ji....
, the guru of
TansenMiyan Tansen or Ramtanu Pandey is considered among the greatest composer-musicians in Hindustani classical music...
, is situated here. Every year, in his honour, Swami Haridas Sammelan is organized, in which all renowned musicians of India take part.
Another famous temple of Sri Vrindavan is Sri
Kathia BabaKathia Baba - Contemporary group named after the founder, and following the philosophy of Dvaitādvaita Vaishnava Vedanta.- Introduction:In this line of Gurus the 34th Acharya was Sri Harivyas Devacharyaji, from his time the Sampradaya was divided into two parts. The main line of Gurus is continued...
Ka Sthan" at Gurukul Road
http://www.kathiababa.com, the mahanta of which is entitled as "brajobidehi mahanta" and the
acharyaIn Indian religions and society, an acharya is a guide or instructor in religious matters; founder, or leader of a sect; or a title affixed to the names of learned men...
of Swabhuram Dwara of
NimbarkaNimbarka , is known for propagating the Vaishnava Theology of Dvaitadvaita, duality in unity. According to scholars headed by Prof. Roma Bose, he lived in the 13th Century, on the assumption that Śrī Nimbārkācārya was the author of the work Madhvamukhamardana...
sect, Sri Swami Rash Behari Das Kathia Babaji Maharaj.
- Sri Sri Radha Govinda Temple Red Stone Temple - was built by Mahamandaleshwar Mahant Sri Krsna Balaram Swamiji from Vrindavan. This newly constructed Radha Govinda Temple, completed in 2004 is based on a famous historic temple built about 500 years ago by Srila Rupa Goswami, a direct Sanyasi disciple of Lord Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Rupa Goswami was instructed by Lord Chaitanya to travel to Vrindaban from Bengal, and excavate the locations of Lord Sri Krsna's Lila While there and chanting his daily japa ,Lord Krsna manifested before him and instructed him to construct a temple, install His deity, and worship Him. The next day, while contemplating Lord Krsna's statement, he saw a cow atop a hill freely pouring milk from her udders, unattended. Seeing this, Srila Rupa Goswami invited the leading Vrijabasis (local residents) there, and requested them to dig that spot where the cow had poured her milk. While digging, the Vrijabasis found a Govinda deity. This is the exact deity originally worshipped 5000 years ago by Lord Krsna's grandson, Vajranabha. Engaging help by the then enthroned King Mansingh, Rupa Goswami erected a 7 story red stone temple, adorned with intricate beautiful carvings. Since then, several generations in Srila Rupa Goswami's lineage worshipped Lord Govinda, until the Mogul Emperor Aurangajeb, came and dismantled 4 of the 7 stories. But luckily as fate would have it, just before Aurangajeb's arrival, the Govinda deity was taken to Jaipur so Govindaji's worship would not be interrupted. Since the time that temple was damaged 300 years ago, no one has built such a temple.
Geography
Vrindavan is located at . It has an average elevation of 170
metreThe metre or meter is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units . Historically, the metre was defined by the French Academy of Sciences as the length between two marks on a platinum-iridium bar, which was designed to represent one ten-millionth of the distance from the Equator...
s (557 feet).
Demographics
India
censusA "census" is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population.In other words every 10 years...next one would be in 2010 The term is used mostly in connection with...
, Vrindavan had a population of 56,618. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Vrindavan has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 55%. In Vrindavan, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. The number of females is 24,200 including 13% who are under 6 years of age.
In 2000 the organization opened Amar Bari (My Home), a refuge for 120 Vrindavan widows, and a second shelter for 500 widows is expected to open.
See also
- Six Goswamis of Vrindavan
- Hare Krishna
The Hare Krishna mantra, also referred to reverentially as the Maha Mantra , is a sixteen-word Vaishnava mantra which first appears in the Kali-Santarana Upanishad, and which from the 16th century rises to importance in the Bhakti movement following the teachings of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.According...
- Govardhan hill
Govardhan is a hill located near the town of Vrindavan in India, considered as sacred by a number of traditions within Hinduism.It is especially important to those traditions which worship Krishna or Vishnu as the Supreme God such as Vaishnavism and Gaudiya Vaishnavism, which are popular around...
- Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji
Srila Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji is a well known acharya from the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism, and is regarded as a Mahatma or saint by followers of his lineage...
- Svayam bhagavan
Svayam Bhagavan , "The Lord" or Lord Himself, is a Sanskrit theological term. The term refers to the concept of absolute representation of the monotheistic God as Bhagavan within Hinduism....
- Radha Krishna
Radha Krishna is a Hindu deity. Krishna is often referred as svayam bhagavan in Gaudiya Vaishnavism theology and Radha is a young woman, a gopi who is Krishna's supreme beloved. With Krishna, Radha is acknowledged as the Supreme Goddess, for it is said that she controls Krishna with Her love...
External links
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