Voiceless dental fricative

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Voiceless dental fricative

The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonant

Consonant

In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the upper vocal tract, the upper vocal tract being defined as that part of the vocal tract that lies above the larynx....
al sound used in some spoken language

Language

A language is a form of symbol communication in which elements are combined to represents something other than themselves. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon....
s. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet

International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic....
that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA

X-SAMPA

The Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London....
symbol is T. The IPA symbol is the Greek

Greek alphabet

The Greek alphabet is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th century BC or early 8th century BCE....
letter theta

Theta

Theta is the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, derived from the Phoenician letter Teth. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 9....
, which is used for this sound in Greek

Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
, and the sound is thus often referred to as "theta". It is familiar to English speakers as the 'th' in thing.

The dental fricatives are often called "interdental

Interdental consonant

Interdental consonants are produced by placing the blade of the tongue against the upper incisors. This differs from a dental consonant in that the tip of the tongue is placed between the upper and lower front teeth, and therefore may Manner of articulation with both the upper and lower incisors, while a dental consonant is articulated wi...
" because they are often produced with the tongue between the upper and lower teeth, and not just against the back of the teeth, as they are with other dental consonant

Dental consonant

In linguistics, a dental consonant or dental is a consonant that is articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as , , , and in some languages....
s.

Many languages, including widely-spoken ones such as German

German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
, Portuguese

Portuguese language

Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Portugal. It is derived from the Latin language spoken by the Romanization Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago....
, Japanese

Japanese language

IPA: [n?iho?go] is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is related to the Ryukyuan languages....
, Mandarin Chinese

Standard Mandarin

Standard Mandarin, or Standard Chinese, is the official modern Spoken Chinese used in People's Republic of China and Republic of China, and is one of the four official languages of Languages of Singapore....
, as well as all Slavic languages

Slavic languages

File:Slavic europe.svgThe Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia....
, some dialects of English

English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
, and the seseante
Ceceo

In Spanish dialects and varieties, the terms ceceo, seseo and distinci?n are used to describe the opposition between dialects that distinguish the phonemes and , and those that have merged the two sounds into either or ....
dialects of Spanish

Spanish language

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Encyclopedia

The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonant

Consonant

Language

International Phonetic Alphabet

X-SAMPA

Greek alphabet

The Greek alphabet is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th century BC or early 8th century BCE....
letter theta

Theta

Theta is the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, derived from the Phoenician letter Teth. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 9....
, which is used for this sound in Greek

Greek language

Interdental consonant

Dental consonant

German language

Portuguese language

Japanese language

IPA: [n?iho?go] is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is related to the Ryukyuan languages....
, Mandarin Chinese

Standard Mandarin

Slavic languages

English language

Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian is a Romance languages that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade....
, lack this sound. Speakers of such languages and dialects sometimes have difficulty producing or distinguishing it from similar sounds, and typically replace it with a voiceless alveolar fricative

Voiceless alveolar fricative

The voiceless alveolar fricatives are consonantal sounds. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a sibilant or non-sibilant fricative is being described....
, voiceless dental plosive

Voiceless dental plosive

The voiceless dental plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some Speech communication languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t_d....
, or a voiceless labiodental fricative

Voiceless labiodental fricative

The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some Speech communication languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is f....
(known respectively as th-alveolarization

Th-alveolarization

Th-alveolarization is a process that occurs in some African varieties of English language where the dental fricatives /?, ?/ merge with the alveolar stops /z, s/....
, th-stopping

Th-stopping

Th-stopping is the realization of the dental consonant fricative consonant as stop consonant, which occurs in several dialects of English. In some accents, such as Hiberno-English, some varieties of Newfoundland English, some varieties of New York-New Jersey English, and Indian English, they are realized as the dental stops and as such do n...
, and th-fronting

Th-fronting

Th-fronting is a phonemic differentiation of the Pronunciation of English th with other sounds, that occurs in Cockney, Newfoundland English, African American Vernacular English, Liberian English, and more recently Estuary English , by which Early Modern English merge with ....
.)

Features

Features of the voiceless dental fricative:

Its manner of articulation
Manner of articulation

In linguistics , manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact....
is fricative
Fricative consonant

Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two Place of articulation close together. These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of ; the back of the tongue against the soft palate, in the case of German language , the final consonant of Bach; or the side of the tongue ag...
, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence
Turbulence

In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a fluid regime characterized by chaotic, stochastic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and velocity in space and time....
.
Its place of articulation
Place of articulation

In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active articulator and a passive articulator ....
is dental
Dental consonant

In linguistics, a dental consonant or dental is a consonant that is articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as , , , and in some languages....
which means it is articulated with the tongue on either the lower or the upper teeth, or both.
Its phonation
Phonation

Phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics. Among some phoneticians, phonation is the process by which the vocal folds produce certain sounds through quasi-periodic vibration....
type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is an oral consonant
Oral consonant

An oral consonant is a consonant sound in Speech communication that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth, as opposed to the nose. To create an intended oral consonant sound, the entire mouth plays a role in modifying the air's passageway....
, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a central consonant
Central consonant

A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue.Examples of central consonants are the voiceless velar plosive , the voiced alveolar fricative and the alveolar nasal ....
, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism
Airstream mechanism

In phonetics, the airstream mechanism is the method by which airflow is created in the vocal tract. Along with phonation, it is one of two mandatory aspects of sound production; without these, there can be no speech sound....
is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lung
Lung

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart....
s and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis
Glottis

The glottis defined as the combination of the vocal folds and the space in between the folds ....
or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language		Word	Meaning	Notes
Albanian Albanian language Albanian is an Indo-European languages spoken by nearly 6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including the west of the Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and southern Serbia....			'to say'
Arabic Arabic language Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....	Standard		'firm'	See Arabic phonology Arabic phonology While many languages have numerous dialects that differ in phonology, the Arabic language is more properly described as a varieties of Arabic or Macrolanguage....
Amami Amami language The Amami language is spoken by around 130,000 people in the Amami Islands south of Kyushu. It is a Ryukyuan languages, most closely related to Okinawan language....			'sun'
Arapaho Arapaho language The Arapaho language or "hinono'eitiit" is a Plains Algonquian languages spoken almost entirely by elders in Wyoming, and to a much lesser extent in Oklahoma....			'bee'
Asu Asu language Asu language may refer to:Asu language Asu language ...			'eye'
Berta Berta language The Berta language is spoken by the group of the same name in Sudan and Ethiopia, and is generally classified as a branch of Nilo-Saharan languages....			'to eat'
Burmese Burmese language The Burmese language is the official language of Burma. Although the government officially recognizes the language as Myanmar in English, most continue to refer to the language as Burmese....			'three'
Cornish Cornish language The Cornish language is one of the Brythonic group of Celtic languages. The language continued to function as a community language in parts of Cornwall until the late 18th century, and there have been attempts to revive the language since the early 20th century....			'eight'
Emiliano-Romagnolo Emiliano-Romagnolo Emiliano-Romagnolo is a Romance language mostly spoken in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It belongs to the Northern Italian group within Romance languages , which is included in the wider group of western Romance languages ....			'face'
English English language English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...			'thin'	See English phonology English phonology English phonology is the study of the phonology of the English language. Like all languages, spoken English has wide variation in its pronunciation both Historical linguistics and Descriptive linguistics from dialect to dialect....
Galician Galician language Galician is a language of the Iberian Romance languages branch, spoken in Galicia , an Autonomous communities of Spain located in northwestern Spain, as well as in small bordering zones in the neighbouring autonomous communities of Asturias and Castile and Le?n and in Northern Portugal....			'zero'
Greek Greek language Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....			'sea'	See Modern Greek phonology Modern Greek phonology This page presents a sketch of the phonology of Standard Modern Greek....
Gweno			'eye'
Gwich’in Gwich’in language The Gwich?in language is the Athabaskan languages of the Gwich?in indigenous people. In the Northwest Territories and Yukon of Canada, it is used principally in the towns of Inuvik, Aklavik, Northwest Territories, Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories, Old Crow, Yukon, and Tsiigehtchic, Northwest Territories....			'pants'
Hän Hän language The H?n language is a Indigenous peoples of the Americas endangered language spoken in only two places: Eagle, Alaska and Dawson City, Yukon. There are only a few fluent speakers left , all of them elderly....			'I want'
Harsusi Harsusi language Harsusi is a Semitic languages language closely related to Mehri language. It is spoken by 1000 to 2000 Harasis in Jiddat al-Harasis, Dhofar, Oman....			'two'
Hlai Hlai language Hlai is one of two languages of the Hlai or Li people, the other being the Jiamao language "dialect". It is spoken by 600,000 people , a quarter of them monolingual, in the mountains of central and south-central Hainan Island....	Basadung		'one'
Kabyle Kabyle language Kabyle is a Berber language spoken by the Kabyle people. In 1995, there were 7,123,000 speakers worldwide, the majority in Algeria, where there were more than 4,500,000....		Berber Latin alphabet The Berber Latin alphabet is the version of the Latin alphabet used to write Northern Berber languages. It uses the 23 standard letters, 7 modified letters and borrows 2 letters from the Greek alphabet....	'to cut'
Karen	Sgaw		'three'
Karuk Karuk language Karuk or Karok is a moribund language of northwestern California, USA. It was the traditional language of the Karuk people, most of whom now speak English language....			'one'
Kickapoo			'three'
Kwama			'to laugh'
Leonese Leonese language The Leonese language was developed from Vulgar Latin with contributions from the pre-Roman languages which were spoken in the territory of the Spanish provinces of Le?n , Zamora, and Salamanca and in some villages in the District of Bragan?a, Portugal....			'zero'
Lorediakarkar Lorediakarkar language Lorediakarkar is a language of the East Santo languages a group of languages in the Austronesian family of Languages. It is spoken by about 55 people on Espirito Santo Island in Vanuatu....			'four'
Massa Massa language Massa is a language spoken in southern Chad and northern Cameroon. It is a Chadic language with approximately 200,000 speakers....			'five'
Saanich		? Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. It evolved from the western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumae alphabet, and was initially developed by the Ancient Romes to write the Latin....	'eight'
Sardinian Sardinian language Sardinian is, after Italian language, the main language spoken on the island of Sardinia, Italy. It is considered the most conservative of the Romance languages in terms of phonology and is noted for its Paleosardinian substratum....	Nuorese		'meat'
Shark Bay Shark Bay language The Shark Bay language is one of the East Santo languages group of languages. It is spoken on Espiritu Santo in Vanuatu. It has about 240 speakers....			'four'
Shawnee Shawnee language The Shawnee language is a Central Algonquian languages spoken in parts of central and northeastern Oklahoma by only around 200 Shawnee, making it very endangered....			'three'
Sioux Sioux language Sioux is a Siouan language spoken by over 26,000 Sioux, making it the fifth most spoken Indigenous languages of the Americas in North America , behind Navajo language, Cree language, Inuit language and Anishinaabe language....	Nakota Lakota language Lakota is one of the three languages of the Sioux, of the Siouan languages family. While generally taught and considered by speakers as a separate language, Lakota is mutually understandable with the other two languages, and is considered by most linguists one of the three major Variety of the Sioux language....	Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. It evolved from the western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumae alphabet, and was initially developed by the Ancient Romes to write the Latin....	'four'
Spanish Spanish language Spanish or Castilian is a Romance languages that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade....	Castilian Castilian Spanish Castilian Spanish is a term related to the Spanish language, but whose exact meaning can vary even in that language. In English Castilian Spanish usually refers to the variety of Spanish spoken in north and central Spain or as the language standard for radio and TV speakers....		'to hunt'	See Spanish phonology Spanish phonology This article is about the phonology of the Spanish language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof, including geographical variants ....
Swahili Swahili language Swahili is the first language of the Swahili people , who inhabit several large stretches of the Indian Ocean coastline from southern Somalia to northern Mozambique, including the Comoros Islands....			'value'
Tanacross Tanacross language Tanacross is an endangered language Athabaskan languages spoken by fewer than 60 persons in eastern Interior Alaska....			'embers'
Toda Toda language Toda is a Dravidian languages well known for its many fricative consonant and trill consonant. It is spoken by the Toda people, a population of about one thousand who live in the Nilgiris of southern India....			'nine'
Turkmen Turkmen language Turkmen is the name of the national language of Turkmenistan. It is spoken by approximately 3,430,000 people in Turkmenistan, and by an additional approximately 6,000,000 people in other countries, including Iran , Iraq , Syria , Afghanistan , and Turkey ....			'eight'
Tutchone Tutchone language Tutchone, an Athabaskan languages spoken in the Yukon Territory in Canada. It has two lects sometimes considered separate languages, Southern Tutchone and Northern Tutchone....	Northern Northern Tutchone The Northern Tutchone are a First Nations people living mainly in the central Yukon in Canada. The Northern Tutchone language, originally spoken by the Northern Tutchone people, is a lect of the Tutchone language, part of the Athabaskan languages....		'pants'
	Southern Southern Tutchone The Southern Tutchone are a First Nations people living mainly in the southern Yukon in Canada. The Southern Tutchone language, originally spoken by the Southern Tutchone people is a lect of the Tutchone language, part of the Athabaskan languages, although it may be argued that Northern and Southern Tutchone are separate languages....		'pants'
Upland Yuman	Havasupai Havasupai language Havasupai is a dialect of the Yuman-Cochim? languages, language spoken by less than 450 people on the Havasupai Indian Reservation at the bottom of the Grand Canyon....		'five'
	Hualapai		'five'
	Yavapai Yavapai language Yavapai is an Yuman-Cochim? languages, spoken by Native Americans in western Arizona. There are 4 dialects: Kwevkepaya, Wipukpaya, Tolkepaya, and Yavepe....
Welayta Welayta language Wolaytta is an Omotic languages language spoken in the Wolaita Zone and some parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia....			'flower'
Welsh Welsh language Welsh ]], is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, in England by some along the Welsh Marches and in the Welsh settlement in Argentina in the Chubut Valley in Argentina Patagonia....			'seven'
Western Neo-Aramaic Western Neo-Aramaic Western Neo-Aramaic is a modern Aramaic language. Today, it is spoken in three villages in the Anti-Lebanon mountains of western Syria. Western Neo-Aramaic is the only Neo-Aramaic languages drawn from the branch of Western Aramaic languages....		?	'three'

Voiceless dental fricative

Features

Occurrence

See also

Bibliography