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Vladikavkaz (; , [Dzæudjyqæu], meaning "Dzaug's settlement") is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
North Ossetia-Alania

The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The direct romanization of Russian of the Russian name of the republic is Respublika Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya....
, Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
. It is situated in the south-east of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
 mountains, situated on the Terek River. Its population mostly consists of Ossetians
Ossetians

The Ossetians are an Iranian peoples ethnic group indigenous peoples to Ossetia, a region that spans the Caucasus Mountains. The Ossetians mostly populate North Ossetia-Alania in Russia, and South Ossetia a large part of which is now de facto independent....
, Russians
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
, Armenians
Armenians

The Armenians are a nation and ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands. A large concentration of them has remained there, especially in Armenia, but many of them are also scattered elsewhere throughout the world ....
 and Georgians. Population: Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the northern Caucasus
North Caucasus

The North Caucasus, also Ciscaucasus, Ciscaucasia or Forecaucasia, is the northern part of the Caucasus region between Europe and Asia....
.

The city is an industrial
Industry

An industry is the manufacturing of a Good or Service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products....
 and transportation center
Transport

Transport or transportation is the movement of passenger and cargo from one location to another. Transport is performed by various modes of transport, such as aviation, rail transport, road transport, ship transport, cable transport, pipeline transport and space transport....
. Manufactures include processed zinc
Zinc

Zinc is a metallic chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is a first-row transition metal of the group 12 element of the periodic table....
 and lead
Lead

Lead is a main-group Chemical element with symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal, also considered to be one of the heavy metal ....
, machinery, chemicals
Chemical substance

A chemical substance is a material with a specific Empirical formula. It is a concept that became firmly established in the late eighteenth century after work by the chemist Joseph Proust on the composition of some pure chemical compounds such as basic copper carbonate....
, clothing
Clothing

A feature of all human societies, except perhaps the most primitive, is the wearing of clothing or clothes, especially in public. The primary purpose of clothing is functional, as a protection from the weather....
, and food products.

city was founded in 1784 as a fortress during the Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n conquest of the Caucasus and was for many years the main Russian military base in the region.






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Encyclopedia


Vladikavkaz (; , [Dzæudjyqæu], meaning "Dzaug's settlement") is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
North Ossetia-Alania

The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The direct romanization of Russian of the Russian name of the republic is Respublika Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya....
, Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
. It is situated in the south-east of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
 mountains, situated on the Terek River. Its population mostly consists of Ossetians
Ossetians

The Ossetians are an Iranian peoples ethnic group indigenous peoples to Ossetia, a region that spans the Caucasus Mountains. The Ossetians mostly populate North Ossetia-Alania in Russia, and South Ossetia a large part of which is now de facto independent....
, Russians
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
, Armenians
Armenians

The Armenians are a nation and ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands. A large concentration of them has remained there, especially in Armenia, but many of them are also scattered elsewhere throughout the world ....
 and Georgians. Population: Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the northern Caucasus
North Caucasus

The North Caucasus, also Ciscaucasus, Ciscaucasia or Forecaucasia, is the northern part of the Caucasus region between Europe and Asia....
.

The city is an industrial
Industry

An industry is the manufacturing of a Good or Service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products....
 and transportation center
Transport

Transport or transportation is the movement of passenger and cargo from one location to another. Transport is performed by various modes of transport, such as aviation, rail transport, road transport, ship transport, cable transport, pipeline transport and space transport....
. Manufactures include processed zinc
Zinc

Zinc is a metallic chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is a first-row transition metal of the group 12 element of the periodic table....
 and lead
Lead

Lead is a main-group Chemical element with symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal, also considered to be one of the heavy metal ....
, machinery, chemicals
Chemical substance

A chemical substance is a material with a specific Empirical formula. It is a concept that became firmly established in the late eighteenth century after work by the chemist Joseph Proust on the composition of some pure chemical compounds such as basic copper carbonate....
, clothing
Clothing

A feature of all human societies, except perhaps the most primitive, is the wearing of clothing or clothes, especially in public. The primary purpose of clothing is functional, as a protection from the weather....
, and food products.

History

The city was founded in 1784 as a fortress during the Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n conquest of the Caucasus and was for many years the main Russian military base in the region. The Georgian Military Highway, crossing the mountains, was constructed in 1799 to link the city with Georgia
Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region, located at the dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bordered by the Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia to the south, and Turkey to the southwest....
 to the south, and in 1875 a railway was built to connect it to Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don

Rostov-on-Don is the types of inhabited localities in Russia and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia, located on the Don River , just 46 km from the Sea of Azov....
 and Baku
Baku

Baku , sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bak?, is the capital, the largest city, and the largest port of Azerbaijan....
 in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan , is the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located partially in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia....
. Vladikavkaz has become an important industrial centre for the region, with smelting, refining, chemicals and manufacturing industries.

From 1931 to 1944 and from 1954 to 1990 its name was Ordzhonikidze (after Sergo Ordzhonikidze
Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze

File:Sergo ordzhonikidze.jpgGrigoriy Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze , generally known as Sergo Ordzhonikidze was a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, and close friend to Stalin....
, a Georgian Bolshevik
Bolshevik

Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists were a faction of the Marxism Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP in 1903 and ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
), and from 1944 to 1954 it was called Dzaudzhikau . Vladikavkaz resumed its old name, which means "Ruler of the Caucasus", in 1990, shortly before the disintegration of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
.

Vladikavkaz was fought over in both the Russian Civil War
Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed and the Bolshevik party assumed power in Saint Petersburg....
 and Second World War. In February 1919, the anti-Communist Volunteer Army
Volunteer Army

The Volunteer Army was an anti-Bolshevik army in South Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920.The Volunteer Army began forming in November-December 1917 by General Mikhail Alekseev in Novocherkassk and General Lavr Kornilov and his supporters....
 under General Anton Ivanovich Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin

Anton Ivanovich Denikin was Lieutenant General of the Imperial Russian Army and one of the foremost generals of the White movement in the Russian Civil War....
 seized the city, before being expelled by the Red Army
Red Army

The Red Army was the armed force first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and, in 1922, became the army of the Soviet Union....
 in March 1920. In November 1942, the forces of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
 tried unsuccessfully to seize the city but were repelled.

In 1999
1999 Vladikavkaz bombing

The 1999 Vladikavkaz bombing took place in a crowded market in Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia-Alania, Russia on March 19, 1999 killing 62 and injuring many....
 and 2008
2008 Vladikavkaz bombing

The 2008 Vladikavkaz bombing took place on a Marshrutka, which was unloading passengers at a market in Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia, Russia on November 6, 2008 killing 12 and injuring 41....
 Vladikavkaz was a target of bombings
Terrorism

Terrorism, according to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, is the systematic use of terror, "violent or destructive acts committed by groups in order to intimidate a population or government into granting their demands." At present, there is no internationally agreed upon definition of terrorism....
.

On 26 November 2008, Vitaly Karayev
Vitaly Karayev

Vitaly Sergeyevich Karayev was the mayor of the North Ossetian capital, Vladikavkaz. He was murdered by an unknown gunman on November 26, 2008....
, the mayor of Vladikavkaz was killed by an unknown gunman. On 31 December, his successor, Kazbek Pagiyev
Kazbek Pagiyev

Kazbek Khazbiyevich Pagiyev was the former Deputy Prime Minister of North Ossetia-Alania as well as the former mayor of its capital, Vladikavkaz....
, was also killed by unknown gunmen.

Transport

The city is served by the bus network (marshrutka
Marshrutka

Marshrutka , from marshrutnoye taksi is a share taxi in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries, the Baltic states, and Bulgaria....
s). There are also tram
Tram

A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railroad car, of lighter weight and construction than a train, designed for the transport of passengers within, close to, or between villages, towns and/or cities, on tracks running primarily on streets....
 (since the beginning of the 20th century) and trolleybus
Trolleybus

A trolleybus is an electric bus that draws its electricity from a network of charged overhead wires using spring loaded trolley poles. Two poles are needed, so that one can draw down the live current to power the motor and the other can complete the circuit by carrying the neutral current back to the network....
 networks. There is railway terminal (vokzal) in Vladikavkaz.

The city is served by the Airport Vladikavkaz
Beslan Airport

Beslan Airport is a civilian airport in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia located 5 km northeast of Beslan and 15 kilometres from Vladikavkaz....
 located from the city.

The Georgian Military Road
Georgian Military Road

The Georgian Military Road , and is the historic name for a major route through the Caucasus from Georgia to Russia. Alternative routes across the mountains include the Ossetian Military Road and the Transkam....
, which is a part of European route E117
European route E117

The E 117 is part of the International E-road network, which is a series of main roads in Europe.The E 117 starts from Mineralnye Vody, Russia, via the Georgian Military Road to Georgia capital Tbilisi, via the Armenian capital Yerevan and on to Megri on the border of Iran....
, starts in Vladikavkaz and it connects the city with Transcaucasia.

Sports

FC Alania Vladikavkaz is a football
Football (soccer)

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
 club based in Vladikavkaz, who won the Russian Premier League
Russian Premier League

The Russian Premier League is the top division of Russian football. There are 16 teams in the competition. At the end of the season two teams are relegated to the Russian First Division and replaced with the two top First Division teams....
 in 1995.

Ethnic groups


Ethnic groups in the city (2002 data):
  • Ossetians
    Ossetians

    The Ossetians are an Iranian peoples ethnic group indigenous peoples to Ossetia, a region that spans the Caucasus Mountains. The Ossetians mostly populate North Ossetia-Alania in Russia, and South Ossetia a large part of which is now de facto independent....
     (59.51%)
  • Russians
    Russians

    The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
     (27.59%)
  • Armenians
    Armenians

    The Armenians are a nation and ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands. A large concentration of them has remained there, especially in Armenia, but many of them are also scattered elsewhere throughout the world ....
     (3.89%)
  • Georgians
    Georgians

    The Georgians are a nation and ethnic group originating in the Caucasus, the oldest group of the South Caucasian peoples people mainly centered in Georgia , but also living in Turkey, Russia, the United States, Iran, and other countries....
     (2.32%)


Religion

The city's population has Eastern Orthodox Christians
Eastern Christianity

Eastern Christianity refers collectively to the Christianity traditions and churches which developed in the Balkans, Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East, Christianity in Africa and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity....
 and adherents of Islam
Islam

Islam is a Monotheism, Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure....
.


Gallery





Remarkable structures

In Vladikavkaz, there is a 198 metres tall guyed TV mast built in 1961, which has 6 crossbars with gangways in 2 levels running from the mast structure to the guys.

Sister cities

  • Asheville
    Asheville, North Carolina

    Asheville is a city in and the county seat of Buncombe County, North Carolina, North Carolina, United States. The population was 68,889 at the United States Census, 2000....
    , USA.
  • Kardzhali
    Kardzhali

    Kardzhali or Kurdzhali is a town in Bulgaria, capital of Kardzhali Province in the Eastern Rhodopes. Near the town is the noted Kardzhali Dam....
    , Bulgaria
    Bulgaria

    The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
    .
  • Makhachkala
    Makhachkala

    Makhachkala is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, the capital of the Dagestan. It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea, at ....
    , Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    .
  • Nalchik
    Nalchik

    Nalchik is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in the Caucasus region of southern Russia and capital of the Kabardino-Balkaria. The city is situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains....
    , Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    .


See also


  • North Ossetia-Alania
    North Ossetia-Alania

    The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . The direct romanization of Russian of the Russian name of the republic is Respublika Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya....
  • North Caucasus
    North Caucasus

    The North Caucasus, also Ciscaucasus, Ciscaucasia or Forecaucasia, is the northern part of the Caucasus region between Europe and Asia....