Vizianagaram district also known as
Vijayanagaram district is one of the northern coastal districts of
Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city by population is Hyderabad.The total GDP of Andhra Pradesh is $100 billion and is ranked third...
,
IndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
.
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
town is the district headquarters. The district is bounded on the east by
Srikakulam districtSrikakulam District , formerly known as Chicacole, is the extreme northeastern District of Andhra Pradesh, situated within the geographic co-ordinates of 18°-20’ and 19°-10’ N and 83°-50’ and 84°-50’ E...
, on the southwest by
Visakhapatnam districtVisakhapatnam district , also known as Visakha Zilla, is an administrative division of Andhra Pradesh, India. The administrative headquarters of the Visakhapatnam District is Visakhapatnam.-Post-Independence:...
, on the southeast by the
Bay of BengalThe Bay of Bengal , the largest bay in the world, forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. It resembles a triangle in shape, and is bordered mostly by the Eastern Coast of India, southern coast of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka to the west and Burma and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the...
, and on the northwest by
OrissaOrissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...
State.
Vizianagaram district was formed on June 1, 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. The district is named after the
princely stateA Princely State was a nominally sovereign entitity of British rule in India that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule such as suzerainty or paramountcy.-British relationship with the Princely States:India under the British Raj ...
of Vizianagaram (
Vizia means victory and
Nagaram means city in Telugu).
It is the least populous district in Andhra Pradesh (out of 23).
History
The history of Vizianagaram district is with
KalingaKalinga is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Tabuk and borders Mountain Province to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east, Cagayan to the northeast, and Apayao to the north...
dynasty. In modern times, the upper part of Kalinga was gradually merged into
OrissaOrissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...
state and the lower part into Andhra Pradesh. The Kalinga empire extended from
CuttackCuttack is the former capital of the state of Orissa, India. It is the headquarters of Cuttack district and is located about 20 km to the north east of Bhubaneswar, the capital of Orissa. The name of the city is an anglicised form of Kataka that literally means The Fort, a reference to the...
in Orissa to
PithapuramFor famous Playback singer see Pithapuram Nageswara RaoPithapuram is a town and a municipality in East Godavari district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh....
in East Godavari district as far back as the 4th century BC. The Nandas ruled the area between 467 and 336 BC. They were followed by the Mauryas, the
ChediChedi kingdom was one among the many kingdoms ruled during early periods by Paurava kings and later by Yaduvanshi Rajput kings in the central and western India. It falls roughly in the Bundelkhand division of Madhya Pradesh regions to the south of river Yamuna and along river Betwa or Vetravati...
s, the
SatavahanaThe Sātavāhana Empire or Andhra Empire, was a royal Indian dynasty based from Dharanikota and Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh as well as Junnar and Prathisthan in Maharashtra. The territory of the empire covered much of India from 230 BCE onward...
s, the Pitribhaktas, the Matharas, the Vasishthas, the
VishnukundinaThe Vishnukundina Empire was an Indian imperial power controlling the Deccan, Orissa and parts of South India during the 5th and 6th centuries, carving land out from the Vakataka Empire. It played an important role in the history of the Deccan during the 5th and 6th centuries CE...
s, the early Eastern Gangas, the Eastern Chalukyas of
VengiThe Vengi kingdom extended from the Godavari River in the north to Mount Mahendragiri in the southeast and to just south of the banks of River Krishna in the south of India. This area was part of Kalinga until that kingdom was conquered by Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire in the mid 3rd century...
, the late Eastern Gangas, the Reddis of Rajahmundry and the Velanati Cholas till the Kakatiyas appeared by 1210 AD.
Recorded evidence show that some local dynasties like the Rapatri Chiefs and the Gangas of Narayanapura (situated near
BalijipetaBaliji-peta or Baligi-peta is a Village and Mandal headquarters, near Bobbili, in the Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.According to some historians, most of the people of Original Balija caste have migrated from this village.-Geography:...
), the Gangas of Jantarunadu (the track now known as
SrungavarapukotaSrunga-varapu-kota or S. Kota is town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.Srungavarapukota railway station is located on Kothavalasa-Kirandul line under East Coast Railway, Indian Railways.-Geography:...
), ruled over parts of the district from the 12th to 15th century.
The
KakatiyaThe Kakatiya dynasty was an Indian dynasty that ruled most parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 CE to 1323 CE, with Orugallu , now Warangal , as its capital. Orugallu is also called 'Eka Sila Nagaram'...
rulers under Ganapatideva defeated the Velanati Chola Chief, Prithvisvara who was ruling over the territory in 1210 AD. The territory was recovered by the Eastern Gangas during the reign of Ananga Bhima III. The Gajapatis of Orissa then came to rule the territory after overthrowing the Eastern Gangas in 1443 AD. The rule of the Gajapatis lasted for about 140 years till the Qutb Shahis conquered the territory around 1574 AD. Consequent on the occupation of Golconda by the
MughalsThe Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
in 1687 AD, the area came under the control of Mughals. When the Viceroy of the Mughals in Deccan, Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah declared independence in 1724 AD, the area came under the rule of the Asaf Jahis.
In the war of succession after Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah died,
Salabat JungSalabat Jung was born Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan Siddiqi in November 1718. He was the 4th Nizam of Hyderabad and the 3rd son of Nizam-ul-Mulk. He was appointed as Naib Subahdar to his elder brother, Ghazi-ud-din Khan Feroze Jung II, the Prime Minister of Mughal Empire, with the title Salabat Jung...
who came to power with the backing of the
FrenchThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
General Marquis de Bussy, rewarded the French by ceding four Circars including the Chicacole Circar in 1753. An important event in the history of the district which occurred by about this time is the war between the Rajas of Vizianagaram and Bobbili, popularly known as Bobbili Yuddam. The war was fought between the Rajah of
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
aided by the French General Bussy and the Rajah of
BobbiliBobbili is a town, mandal headquarters and a Municipality in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Bobbili is located at . It has an average elevation of 103 metres .-History:...
on the 24th January 1757.
Another important event in the history of the district is the war between the French and
EnglishEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
fought at
ChandurthiChandurthi is a historical village and panchayat in Karimnagar district, Andhra Pradesh, India.There are 18 villages in this mandal.The present ZPTC is P...
in 1758, in which the French were defeated and the Northern Circars were made over to the British under a firmana from the Mughal emperor
Shah AlamShah Alam is the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighboring Klang District. It is located about west of the country's capital, Kuala Lumpur. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the capital city of the state of Selangor in 1978...
in 1765 which were placed under the then existing Chief and Council at Vizagapatam. In 1794, the Chiefs and Councils were abolished and Vizagapatam was arranged into three divisions each under a collector. Almost the entire area of the present area of Vizianagaram district fell under the second division. However the three divisions were merged and a collectorate for the whole district was established in 1803 after the introduction of the permanent settlement in the area.
The history of the rebellions against the
BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
rule goes back to 1830s when the people of the district particularly the tribals unable to bear the oppression, rose in frequent rebellions (fituris) leading to the establishment of separate administrative system known as "Agency Administration" under the India Act XXIV of 1839. The rebellion of Korra Mallaiah, a tribal chief of the
SalurSalur or Saluru is a Municipality and Mandal headquarters in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh...
area against the British rule in 1900 is another important event. The district magistrate dispatched Reserve Police to suppress the revolt, which was seriously resisted by the people. In the skirmish that followed many were killed. Korra Mallaiah along with son was arrested and kept in Jail where he died subsequently. Subsequently in the Indian freedom movement, the people hailing from this area enthusiastically took part in various phases like non-cooperative movement, civil disobedience movement, Quit India Movement etc.,
Post-independence
After abolition of the Zamindaris in 1948, Visakhapatnam district was found to be unwieldy for administrative purposes. Consequently,
Srikakulam districtSrikakulam District , formerly known as Chicacole, is the extreme northeastern District of Andhra Pradesh, situated within the geographic co-ordinates of 18°-20’ and 19°-10’ N and 83°-50’ and 84°-50’ E...
was carved out in 1950 bifurcating it from Visakhapatnam district.
Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, as per G.O.Ms.No.700/Revenue (U) Department, dated 15 May 1979 with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of
SrikakulamSrikakulam is a town, municipality and headquarters of Srikakulam district in the north-eastern Andhra Pradesh, India. It is part of Srikakulam Assembly constituency and Srikakulam Parliament Constituency. Srikakulam was formerly called as Gulshanabad during Muslim rule and was headquarter of...
and
VisakhapatnamVisakhapatnam is a major sea port on the south east coast of India. With a population of approximately 1.7 million, it is the second largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh and the third largest city on the east coast of India after Kolkata and Chennai. According to the history, the city was...
. The Taluks of
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
,
GajapathinagaramGajapathi-nagaram is a Town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.It is located on National Highway 43 between Vizianagaram and Ramabhadrapuram.-Demographics:...
,
SrungavarapukotaSrunga-varapu-kota or S. Kota is town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.Srungavarapukota railway station is located on Kothavalasa-Kirandul line under East Coast Railway, Indian Railways.-Geography:...
and a portion of
BheemunipatnamBheemunipatnam , is a town, a municipality and mandal headquarters in Visakhapatnam district, in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.It was the second municipality in Indian mainland, established on 9 February 1861. 150-Years of its formation has been celebrated in 2011.Bheemunipatnam is supposed to...
Taluk were transferred from the Visakhapatnam District. The
SalurSalur or Saluru is a Municipality and Mandal headquarters in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh...
,
BobbiliBobbili is a town, mandal headquarters and a Municipality in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Bobbili is located at . It has an average elevation of 103 metres .-History:...
,
ParvathipuramParvathipuram is a town, Municipality and Division in Vizianagaram district in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Parvathipuram is located at 18°46'N 83°25'E. It has an average elevation of 120 metres .-Demographics:...
and
CheepurupalliCheepuru-palli or Chipuru-palle[also known Chipurupalli or Cheepurupally] is a rural town and Mandal in the Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Chipurupalle has an average elevation of 87 meters...
Taluks from Srikakulam district were transferred to the new district.
This is the list of successive
District collectorThe District Collector is the district head of administration of the bureaucracy in a state of India. Though he/she is appointed and is under general supervision of the state government, he/she has to be a member of the elite IAS recruited by the Central Government...
s served the Vizianagaram district:
| Name of the Collector | From | To |
| S. P. K. Naidu |
1 June 1979 |
15 June 1979 |
| M. C. Mahapatra |
16 June 1979 |
23 June 1979 |
| A. K. Jha |
27 July 1979 |
21 September 1979 |
| P. V. Bedi |
22 September 1979 |
19 April 1981 |
| Paul Bhuman |
20 April 1981 |
9 April 1983 |
| V. Sharma Rao |
10 April 1983 |
28 March 1987 |
| G. Sudhir |
11 May 1987 |
26 October 1987 |
| M. V. S. Prasad |
27 November 1987 |
31 January 1989 |
| M. S. Prasad |
27 February 1989 |
5 December 1989 |
| J. R. Anand |
18 January 1990 |
3 January 1991 |
| T. Radha |
4 January 1991 |
3 December 1992 |
| V. Nagi Reddy |
4 December 1992 |
11 January 1995 |
| T. Vijaya Kumar |
11 January 1995 |
31 July 1996 |
| K. R. W. Yesudas |
1 August 1996 |
23 May 1997 |
| Poonam Malakondaiah |
23 May 1997 |
12 November 1999 |
| K. Mangapathi Rao |
12 November 1999 |
12 July 2000 |
| Harpreet Singh Harpreet Singh may refer to:*Harpreet Singh , from New Delhi, Indian*Harpreet Singh , Indian pistol shooter*Harpreet Singh , Indian boxer...
|
12 July 2000 |
24 October 2002 |
| Rajith Kumar |
25 October 2002 |
17 November 2004 |
| B. Venkateswara Rao |
17 November 2004 |
12 May 2006 |
| Dr. M. Jagan Mohan Rao |
13 May 2006 |
18 May 2006 |
| Dr. B. Kishore |
19 May 2006 |
2008 |
| Ram Narayan Reddy |
|
30 June 2010 |
| M. Veerabrahmaiah |
7 July 2010 |
Present |
The district is currently a part of the
Red CorridorThe Red Corridor is a term used to describe an impoverished region in the east of India that experiences considerable Naxalite communist insurgency...
.
Geography
It is situated within the geographical co-ordinates of 17- 15’ and 19 – 15’ of the northern latitudes and 83 – 00’ and 83-45’’ of the eastern longitudes. Vizianagaram district occupies an area of 6539 square kilometres (2,524.7 sq mi), comparatively equivalent to
FranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
's
Desolation IslandDesolation Island is a name that has been used for several islands. The largest and best known is Kerguelen Island in the Indian Ocean.-Places:* Desolación Island, Chile.* Desolation Island ....
.
The district can be divided into two distinct natural divisions i.e. plains and hilly regions. The hilly agency area covers
PachipentaPachi-penta is a Village and Mandal headquarters, near Salur, in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Pachipenta is located at 18.28N 83.07E. It has an average elevation of 219 meters ....
and
GummalaxmipuramGumma-laxmi-puram or G.L. Puram is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.-Demography:...
mandals fully and
SalurSalur or Saluru is a Municipality and Mandal headquarters in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh...
,
MakkuvaMakkuva is a Village and Mandal headquarters, near Salur, in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Makkuva is located at . It has an average elevation of 123 meters .-Demography:...
,
RamabhadrapuramRama-bhadra-puram is a village and mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.It is located on the National Highway 43 between Gajapathinagaram and Salur. There is a 4-way Road junction via Badangi to Srikakulam and via Bobbili to Parvathipuram....
,
ParvathipuramParvathipuram is a town, Municipality and Division in Vizianagaram district in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Parvathipuram is located at 18°46'N 83°25'E. It has an average elevation of 120 metres .-Demographics:...
and
KomaradaKomarada is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.Komarada mandal is a beautiful area having green forests and hills and flow of River Nagavali and its tributaries.-Demography:...
mandals partly. Rest of the area is plain. The agency region mostly consists of hills covered by the
Eastern GhatsThe Eastern Ghats or Eastern Ghauts are a discontinuous range of mountains along India's eastern coast. The Eastern Ghats run from West Bengal state in the north, through Orissa and Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu in the south passing some parts of Karnataka. They are eroded and cut through by the...
which run parallel to the Coast from the North-East to South-West. The average height of these hills is over 914 meters, although there are several peaks of 1,219 meters high. In
ParvathipuramParvathipuram is a town, Municipality and Division in Vizianagaram district in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Parvathipuram is located at 18°46'N 83°25'E. It has an average elevation of 120 metres .-Demographics:...
division, the hills are lower than elsewhere and consists of steep and rugged lines devoid of plateaus.
The main towns of Vizianagaram district was Parvathipuram on the north,
CheepurupalliCheepuru-palli or Chipuru-palle[also known Chipurupalli or Cheepurupally] is a rural town and Mandal in the Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Chipurupalle has an average elevation of 87 meters...
on the east,
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
on the south and S.Kota on the west. Remaining main towns Bobbili and Salur in the center of the district.
The principal rivers flowing in the district are River Nagavali, Suvarnamukhi, Vegavathi, River Champavathi, River Gosthani and Kandivalasa.
The main soils are red soils, sandy loams and sandy clay, which constitute 96 % of the total area. The predominant soils are loamy with medium fertility. There are red loamy soils in dry lands and clay loamy in wet lands. The soils at some places are as thick as 4 meters, probably represents
alluviumAlluvium is loose, unconsolidated soil or sediments, eroded, deposited, and reshaped by water in some form in a non-marine setting. Alluvium is typically made up of a variety of materials, including fine particles of silt and clay and larger particles of sand and gravel...
along the valleys.
The total geographical area of the district is 6300.38 km². About 51.1 % of the land area is sown for agriculture and another 12.3 % land is put to non-agricultural uses. The forest covers about 17.8 % of the land. About 12.3 % of the land is Barren and uncultivable. About 4 % land is current and other Fallow lands.
The climate of Vizianagaram district is characterized by high
humidityHumidity is a term for the amount of water vapor in the air, and can refer to any one of several measurements of humidity. Formally, humid air is not "moist air" but a mixture of water vapor and other constituents of air, and humidity is defined in terms of the water content of this mixture,...
nearly all-round the year with oppressive summer and good seasonal rainfall. The summer season from March to May is followed by South West
monsoonMonsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
season, which continues up to September. October and November constitute the retreating monsoon season. The climate of the hilly regions of the district receives heavier rainfall and cooler than the plains. The maximum temperature recorded during 2004 is 39.6
O C during May and the minimum temperature is 17.1
O C during December.
The normal rainfall of the district for the year is 1,131.0 MM as against the actual rainfall of 740.6 MM received during 2002-03. The district gets the benefit of both the South ?West and North- East monsoon.
There is a
coastA coastline or seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean. A precise line that can be called a coastline cannot be determined due to the dynamic nature of tides. The term "coastal zone" can be used instead, which is a spatial zone where interaction of the sea and land processes occurs...
line of 28 kilometers in the district on the east facing Bay of Bengal. There are 8 villages and 16 hamlets consisting of 6,993 fishermen. They are situated in
PusapatiregaPusapati-rega is a Village and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Demography:Pusapatirega mandal has a population of 68,839 in 2001. Males constitutes 35,200 and females 33,639 of the population. The average literacy rate is 39%, very low when compared to the national...
and
BhogapuramBhogapuram is a town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Bhogapuram is located at . It has an average altitude of 20 meters ....
mandals.
Economy
In 2006 the Indian government named Vizianagaram one of the country's 250
most backward districtsPoverty is widespread in India, with the nation estimated to have a third of the world's poor. According to a 2005 World Bank estimate, 41.6% of the total Indian population falls below the international poverty line of 1.25 a day...
(out of a total of
640A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Districts are further subdivided, in some cases into Sub-Divisions, and otherwise directly into tehsils or talukas.District officials include:...
). It is one of the thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Agriculture
Vizianagaram district is predominantly an agricultural district as 68.4 % of the workers are engaged in
AgricultureAgriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
and about 82 % of the population is living in rural areas and depend on Agriculture for their livelihood. Rainfed farming is the characteristic of Agriculture, as about 80 % of the cultivation is purely under rain fed conditions. Even the irrigated area is mostly depend on the rainfall. Hence majority of crops grown are dry crops. Paddy crop is cultivated mainly during Kharif season with 80 % of the area is under Tanks which in turn depend on the rainfall. The major crops grown are
paddyRice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
, mesta,
groundnutThe peanut, or groundnut , is a species in the legume or "bean" family , so it is not a nut. The peanut was probably first cultivated in the valleys of Peru. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing tall...
,
ragiEleusine coracana, commonly Finger millet , also known as African millet or Ragi is an annual plant widely grown as a cereal in the arid areas of Africa and Asia. E...
,
bajraPearl millet is the most widely grown type of millet. Grown in Africa and the Indian subcontinent since prehistoric times, it is generally accepted that pearl millet originated in Africa and was subsequently introduced into India. The center of diversity, and suggested area of domestication, for...
,
cottonCotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
,
sugarcaneSugarcane refers to any of six to 37 species of tall perennial grasses of the genus Saccharum . Native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia, they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sugar, and measure two to six metres tall...
and pulses. The average crop yields are low.
There are no major irrigation projects in the district. The
DenkadaDenkada is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.Denkada is located on the banks of River Champavathi.-Demography:...
Anicut, Thatipudi Reservoir,
AndraAndra is a 1971 science fiction novel, the first novel by English writer Louise Lawrence. The book was set 2000 years from now, after the world was destroyed by war leaving the earth knocked off its rotation and the ground above to become a desolate frozen wasteland with everyone that survived...
Reservoir Project, Vegavathi Anicut, Surapadu Anicut,
SeethanagaramSeetha-nagaram or Sitha-nagaram is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.-Geography:Sithanagaram is located at . It has an average elevation of 95 meters .-Demography:...
Anicut,
Peda AnkalamPedankalam or Peda Ankalam is a village and panchayat in Seethanagaram mandal of Vizianagaram district in Andhra Pradesh, India.-Pedankalam Anicut:...
Anicut, Vottigedda Reservoir Project, Paradi Anikut,
ThotapalliThotapalli or Thota Palli is a village in Nagaram mandal, Guntur District, Andra Pradesh, India.Thotapalli is located in the coastal area of Andra Pradesh. Agriculture is its main source of occupation. There are many educated people serving the country in many fields.It is very small village....
Regulator and Vengala Raya Sagaram Project are the medium irrigation projects. The total irrigated area under these projects and the other minor projects is about 285077 acres (1,154 km²). Jhanjavati Project is constructed in 2005 in
KomaradaKomarada is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.Komarada mandal is a beautiful area having green forests and hills and flow of River Nagavali and its tributaries.-Demography:...
mandal on river Jhanjavati, a tributary of River Nagavali. It is a
rubberNatural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, is an elastomer that was originally derived from latex, a milky colloid produced by some plants. The plants would be ‘tapped’, that is, an incision made into the bark of the tree and the sticky, milk colored latex sap collected and refined...
damA dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. Hydropower and pumped-storage hydroelectricity are...
and first of its kind in India and the biggest in Asia.
These 12 medium irrigation projects have an Ayacut of 439.84 km². Besides these irrigation projects, there are 1,065 Minor irrigation sources with an ayacut of 512.15 km² and 8,616 minor irrigation Tanks (Panchayat Raj) with an ayacut of 721.12 km².
Industry
The industrial development in the district generally agriculture based and consists of Jute mills, Sugar factories, Rice and Oil mills and Tiles manufacturing units. The mineral deposits are utilized by the FACOR and other industries. There are 520 factories registered under the Factories Act in 2005 in the district employing about 27,800 workers (males and females).
- Sri Padma Infoway at Vizianagaram
Vizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
- The Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited
The Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited was floated in 1955 by the house of Sarafs and Mors to become the first major producer of ferromanganese in India....
(FACOR Group of Companies) at SriramnagarSriramnagar is a census town in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.There is a post office at Sriramnagar.-Demographics: India census, Sriramnagar had a population of 19,550. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%...
, GarividiGarividi is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.Sriramnagar is a census town in this mandal.-Demography:...
.
- Jindal Stainless Limited (Ferro Alloys Division), Kothavalasa
Kotha-valasa or Kotta-valasa is a census town and mandal in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Kothavalasa is located at . It has an average elevation of 209 meters .-Demographics:...
.
- Andhra Ferro Alloys Limited, Kothavalasa
Kotha-valasa or Kotta-valasa is a census town and mandal in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Kothavalasa is located at . It has an average elevation of 209 meters .-Demographics:...
and Garbham.
- Goldstar Steel Alloy (India) Limited at Sreerampuram, Lakkavarapukota
Lakka-varapu-kota or L. Kota is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.- Geography :Lakkavarapukota is located at . It has an average elevation of 60 meters .- Demography :...
.
- Sri Vijayarama Gajapathi Cooperative Sugars, Bheemasingi, Jami
Nur ad-Dīn Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī also known as DJāmī, Mawlanā Nūr al-Dīn 'Abd al-Rahmān or Abd-Al-Rahmān Nur-Al-Din Muhammad Dashti who is commonly known as Jami , is known for his achievements as a scholar, mystic, writer, composer of numerous lyrics and idylls, historian, and one of the greatest...
mandal.
- The N.C.S. Sugars Limited, Latchayyapeta.
- Nellimarla Jute Mills Company Limited, Nellimarla
Nelli-marla is a census town and Mandal located in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh state in south India.-Geography:Nellimarla is located on the banks of Champavathi River at . It has an average elevation of 190 metres .-Demographics:...
.
- The Hoogly Mills Projects Limited, Vizianagaram, Bobbili and V.T.Agraharam.
- A.P.Fibres Limited, Jeegiram, Salur
Salur or Saluru is a Municipality and Mandal headquarters in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh...
.
- Uma Jute Mills, Kothavalasa.
- Navya Jute Mills Limited, Bobbili
Bobbili is a town, mandal headquarters and a Municipality in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Bobbili is located at . It has an average elevation of 103 metres .-History:...
.
- Srinivasa Jute Mills Limited, Bhyripuram.
- Jyothi Jute Mills Limited, Dibbaguddivalasa, Bobbili mandal.
- Andhra Tyre Works, Industrial Park, Vizianagaram
- Brick
A brick is a block of ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually laid using various kinds of mortar. It has been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.-History:...
and tileA tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass. Tiles are generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops...
making industries around KothavalasaKotha-valasa or Kotta-valasa is a census town and mandal in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Kothavalasa is located at . It has an average elevation of 209 meters .-Demographics:...
.
- Sagar cement
In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed...
factory at Karasavalasa village of SalurSalur or Saluru is a Municipality and Mandal headquarters in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh...
mandal.
- Matrix Laboratories Limited, G.Chodavaram, Pusapatirega
Pusapati-rega is a Village and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Demography:Pusapatirega mandal has a population of 68,839 in 2001. Males constitutes 35,200 and females 33,639 of the population. The average literacy rate is 39%, very low when compared to the national...
.
- HBL Power systems Limited, Kandivalasa, Pusapatirega Mandal, Vizianagaram
- APSRTC Garage and Zonal Workshop, Vizianagaram.
- Andhra Pradesh Tanneries Limited, Nellimarla
Nelli-marla is a census town and Mandal located in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh state in south India.-Geography:Nellimarla is located on the banks of Champavathi River at . It has an average elevation of 190 metres .-Demographics:...
.
- Narayani Steels Private Limited,Industrial Estate, Vizianagaram
- Sarvagi Mining Co. Ltd, Cheepurupalli
Cheepuru-palli or Chipuru-palle[also known Chipurupalli or Cheepurupally] is a rural town and Mandal in the Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Chipurupalle has an average elevation of 87 meters...
- Laxmi Dall Mill Buchenna Koneru, Vizianagaram
Banking and finance
Nationalized Banks and private and cooperative banks operate in the district from 148 branches.
State Bank of IndiaThe State Bank of India is the largest Indian banking and financial services company with its headquarters in Mumbai, India. It is state-owned. The bank traces its ancestry to British India, through the Imperial Bank of India, to the founding in 1806 of the Bank of Calcutta, making it the oldest...
with 29 branches and
Andhra BankAndhra Bank was registered on 20 November 1923 and commenced business on 28 November 1923 with a paid up capital of Rs 1.00 lakh and an authorised capital of Rs 10.00 lakhs. The Bank crossed many milestones and the Bank's Total Business as on 30.06.2008 stood at Rs.83,256 Crores with a Clientele...
14 branches are the leading banks in the district. S.V. Grameena Bank with 56 branches and Vizianagaram district Cooperative Central Bank are the leading cooperative banks.
Household indicators
In 2007–2008 the International Institute for Population Sciences interviewed 1232 households in 41 villages across the district. They found that 78.7% had access to electricity, 84.1% had
drinking waterWater supply and sanitation in India continue to be inadequate, despite longstanding efforts by the various levels of government and communities at improving coverage. The level of investment in water and sanitation, albeit low by international standards, has increased during the 2000s. Access has...
, 18.5% toilet facilities, and 33.9% lived in a
puccaPucca housing refers to dwellings that are designed to be solid and permanent. The term is applied to housing in South Asia built of substantial material such as stone, brick, cement, concrete, or timber....
(permanent)
homeHousing in India varies greatly and reflects the socio-economic mix of its vast population.Housing varies from palaces of erstwhile maharajas in Rajasthan to swanky apartment buildings in big cities to tiny huts in far-flung villages...
. 28.6% of girls wed before the
legal ageMarriageable age is the age at which a person is allowed to marry, either as of right or subject to parental or other forms of consent. The age and other requirements vary between countries, but generally it is set at 18, although most jurisdictions allow marriage at slightly younger ages with...
of 18 and 87.3% of interviewees carried a
BPLBelow Poverty Line is an economic benchmark and poverty threshold used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from state to state and...
card.
Divisions
There are 12 assembly and 2 parliamentary constituencies in Vizianagaram district. The parliamentary constituencies are
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
and
ParvathipuramParvathipuram is a town, Municipality and Division in Vizianagaram district in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Parvathipuram is located at 18°46'N 83°25'E. It has an average elevation of 120 metres .-Demographics:...
. The assembly constituencies in Vizianagaram district are
BhogapuramBhogapuram is a town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Bhogapuram is located at . It has an average altitude of 20 meters ....
,
BobbiliBobbili is a town, mandal headquarters and a Municipality in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Bobbili is located at . It has an average elevation of 103 metres .-History:...
,
CheepurupalliCheepuru-palli or Chipuru-palle[also known Chipurupalli or Cheepurupally] is a rural town and Mandal in the Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Chipurupalle has an average elevation of 87 meters...
,
GajapathinagaramGajapathi-nagaram is a Town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.It is located on National Highway 43 between Vizianagaram and Ramabhadrapuram.-Demographics:...
, Nagur,
ParvathipuramParvathipuram is a town, Municipality and Division in Vizianagaram district in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Parvathipuram is located at 18°46'N 83°25'E. It has an average elevation of 120 metres .-Demographics:...
,
SalurSalur or Saluru is a Municipality and Mandal headquarters in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh...
,
NellimarlaNelli-marla is a census town and Mandal located in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh state in south India.-Geography:Nellimarla is located on the banks of Champavathi River at . It has an average elevation of 190 metres .-Demographics:...
,
SrungavarapukotaSrunga-varapu-kota or S. Kota is town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.Srungavarapukota railway station is located on Kothavalasa-Kirandul line under East Coast Railway, Indian Railways.-Geography:...
,
UttarapalliUttarapalli is a village panchayat in Kothavalasa mandal of Vizianagaram district in Andhra Pradesh, India.-Assembly Constituency:Uttarapalli is an assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh.List of Elected Members:...
and
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
.
There are 2 revenue divisions, 34
Mandalis a town and municipality in Vest-Agder county, Norway. The administrative center of the municipality is the town of Mandal.The town of Mandal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838...
s, 935 Panchayats and 1,551 revenue villages in Vizianagaram district. The revenue divisions are
ParvathipuramParvathipuram is a town, Municipality and Division in Vizianagaram district in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Parvathipuram is located at 18°46'N 83°25'E. It has an average elevation of 120 metres .-Demographics:...
and
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
.
| Vizianagaram Division |
Parvathipuram Division |
| Bhogapuram Bhogapuram is a town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Bhogapuram is located at . It has an average altitude of 20 meters ....
|
Badangi Badangi is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.It is located on the connecting road between Ramabhadrapuram and Chilakapalem . It is about 43 kilometers from Vizianagaram city.-Demography:Badangi mandal has a population of 47,634 in 2001...
|
| Bondapalli Bonda-palli is a village and Mandal in the Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.It is located 3 km away from the town of Gajapathinagaram on the National Highway 43.-Demography:...
|
Balijipeta Baliji-peta or Baligi-peta is a Village and Mandal headquarters, near Bobbili, in the Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.According to some historians, most of the people of Original Balija caste have migrated from this village.-Geography:...
|
| Cheepurupalli Cheepuru-palli or Chipuru-palle[also known Chipurupalli or Cheepurupally] is a rural town and Mandal in the Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Chipurupalle has an average elevation of 87 meters...
|
Bobbili Bobbili is a town, mandal headquarters and a Municipality in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Bobbili is located at . It has an average elevation of 103 metres .-History:...
|
| Dattirajeru Datti-rajeru is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.-Demography:Dattirajeru mandal had a population of 54,478 in 2001. Males constitute 27,016 and females 27,462 of the population. The average literacy rate is 41%...
|
Garugubilli Garugu-billi is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.-Demography:Garugubilli mandal had a population of 50,690 in 2001. Males constitutes 25,388 and females constitutes 25,302 of the population. The average literacy rate is 54%...
|
| Denkada Denkada is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.Denkada is located on the banks of River Champavathi.-Demography:...
|
Gummalaxmipuram Gumma-laxmi-puram or G.L. Puram is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.-Demography:...
|
| Gajapathinagaram Gajapathi-nagaram is a Town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.It is located on National Highway 43 between Vizianagaram and Ramabhadrapuram.-Demographics:...
|
Jiyyammavalasa Jiyyammavalasa is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.It is located about 78 kilometers from Vizianagaram city.-Demography:...
|
| Gantyada Gantyada is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.This village is Mandal's head quarter of Gantyada Mandal.It is 12 Km Distant from Vizianagaram Collector office and beside the road line from Vizianagaram to Srungavarapukota.It is provided with...
|
Komarada Komarada is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.Komarada mandal is a beautiful area having green forests and hills and flow of River Nagavali and its tributaries.-Demography:...
|
| Garividi Garividi is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.Sriramnagar is a census town in this mandal.-Demography:...
|
Kurupam Kurupam is a village and Mandal in Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:It is located at . It has an average altitude of 133 meters .-Demography:...
|
| Gurla Gurla is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.There is a post office at Kota Gandredu.-Demography:...
|
Makkuva Makkuva is a Village and Mandal headquarters, near Salur, in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Makkuva is located at . It has an average elevation of 123 meters .-Demography:...
|
| Jami Jami or Jaami is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.-Geography:Jami is located at . It has an average elevation of 46 meters .-Demography:...
|
Pachipenta Pachi-penta is a Village and Mandal headquarters, near Salur, in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Pachipenta is located at 18.28N 83.07E. It has an average elevation of 219 meters ....
|
| Kothavalasa Kotha-valasa or Kotta-valasa is a census town and mandal in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Kothavalasa is located at . It has an average elevation of 209 meters .-Demographics:...
|
Parvathipuram Parvathipuram is a town, Municipality and Division in Vizianagaram district in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Parvathipuram is located at 18°46'N 83°25'E. It has an average elevation of 120 metres .-Demographics:...
|
| Lakkavarapukota Lakka-varapu-kota or L. Kota is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.- Geography :Lakkavarapukota is located at . It has an average elevation of 60 meters .- Demography :...
|
Ramabhadrapuram Rama-bhadra-puram is a village and mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.It is located on the National Highway 43 between Gajapathinagaram and Salur. There is a 4-way Road junction via Badangi to Srikakulam and via Bobbili to Parvathipuram....
|
| Mentada Mentada is a village and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Mentada is located at . It has an average elevation of 104 meters .-Demography:...
|
Salur Salur or Saluru is a Municipality and Mandal headquarters in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh...
|
| Merakamudidam Mera-kamudi-dam is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.-Demography:Merakamudidam mandal had a population of 56,703 in 2001, with 28,404 males and 28,299 females...
|
Seethanagaram Seetha-nagaram or Sitha-nagaram is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.-Geography:Sithanagaram is located at . It has an average elevation of 95 meters .-Demography:...
|
| Nellimarla Nelli-marla is a census town and Mandal located in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh state in south India.-Geography:Nellimarla is located on the banks of Champavathi River at . It has an average elevation of 190 metres .-Demographics:...
|
Therlam Therlam is a village and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Demography:Therlam Mandal has a population of 59,338 in 2001. Males consists of 29,745 and females 29,593 of the population. The average literacy rate is 48%...
|
| Pusapatirega Pusapati-rega is a Village and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Demography:Pusapatirega mandal has a population of 68,839 in 2001. Males constitutes 35,200 and females 33,639 of the population. The average literacy rate is 39%, very low when compared to the national...
|
|
| Srungavarapukota Srunga-varapu-kota or S. Kota is town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.Srungavarapukota railway station is located on Kothavalasa-Kirandul line under East Coast Railway, Indian Railways.-Geography:...
|
|
| Vepada Vepada is a village and a Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.-Demography:Vepada mandal has a population of 50,264 in 2001. 24,823 Males and 25,441 Females. The average literacy rate is 48%, below the national average of 59.5%...
|
|
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
|
|
Transport
Railway and
BusA bus is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers. The most common type of bus is the single-decker bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker buses and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses; coaches are...
services are the major modes of transport for the people in Vizianagaram district.
VisakhapatnamVisakhapatnam is a major sea port on the south east coast of India. With a population of approximately 1.7 million, it is the second largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh and the third largest city on the east coast of India after Kolkata and Chennai. According to the history, the city was...
is the nearest
airportAn airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land. Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport...
.
Railway network in the entire district comes under
WaltairVisakhapatnam is a major sea port on the south east coast of India. With a population of approximately 1.7 million, it is the second largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh and the third largest city on the east coast of India after Kolkata and Chennai. According to the history, the city was...
Division of the
East Coast RailwayThe East Coast Railway is one of the sixteen railway zones of Indian Railways came into existence from 1 April 2003.The geographical jurisdiction of this railway zone extends over three states encompressing almost all parts of Orissa along with parts of Srikakulam, Vizainagaram and Visakhapatnam...
,
Indian RailwaysIndian Railways , abbreviated as IR , is a departmental undertaking of Government of India, which owns and operates most of India's rail transport. It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India....
.
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
and
KothavalasaKotha-valasa or Kotta-valasa is a census town and mandal in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Kothavalasa is located at . It has an average elevation of 209 meters .-Demographics:...
are the main railway junctions. There are 28 railway stations in the district. The route length is 169.656 kilometers in Broad Gauge Double Line and 68.860 kilometers in Broad Gauge Single line.
Total
RoadA road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places, which typically has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by some conveyance, including a horse, cart, or motor vehicle. Roads consist of one, or sometimes two, roadways each with one or more lanes and also any...
length in the district as on 2005 is 6,018 kilometers covering 561 villages. National Highways 5 and 43 passes through the district and covers a distance of 200 kilometers.
National Highway 43 (India)National Highway 43 is a National Highway of Indiathat connects Natavalasa in Andhra Pradesh and Raipur in Chattisgarh and passes through Orissa. It connects National Highway 5 and National Highway 6 and transverses the Eastern Ghats...
runs almost entirely in Vizianagaram district for a distance of 83 kilometers and passes through Orissa to Raipur in Chattisgarh (total length of 551 kilometers). It passes through
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
,
GajapathinagaramGajapathi-nagaram is a Town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.It is located on National Highway 43 between Vizianagaram and Ramabhadrapuram.-Demographics:...
,
RamabhadrapuramRama-bhadra-puram is a village and mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.It is located on the National Highway 43 between Gajapathinagaram and Salur. There is a 4-way Road junction via Badangi to Srikakulam and via Bobbili to Parvathipuram....
and
SalurSalur or Saluru is a Municipality and Mandal headquarters in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh...
towns. National Highway 5 passes through coastal mandals of
BhogapuramBhogapuram is a town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Bhogapuram is located at . It has an average altitude of 20 meters ....
and
PusapatiregaPusapati-rega is a Village and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Demography:Pusapatirega mandal has a population of 68,839 in 2001. Males constitutes 35,200 and females 33,639 of the population. The average literacy rate is 39%, very low when compared to the national...
. State Highways covers a distance of 122 kilometers, major district roads 852 kilometers and rural roads 781 kilometers. The Panchayat Raj roads covers a distance of 4,080 kilometers.
Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport CorporationAndhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation or APSRTC is the state owned road transport corporation in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is acknowledged as the single corporation having the largest fleet in the world...
(APSRTC) is the major public transport system operated by fleet of buses. Vizianagaram is one of the 4 zones and one of the 23 administrative regions headed by General Manager of APSRTC. There are 4 bus depots at
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
,
ParvathipuramParvathipuram is a town, Municipality and Division in Vizianagaram district in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Parvathipuram is located at 18°46'N 83°25'E. It has an average elevation of 120 metres .-Demographics:...
,
SrungavarapukotaSrunga-varapu-kota or S. Kota is town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.Srungavarapukota railway station is located on Kothavalasa-Kirandul line under East Coast Railway, Indian Railways.-Geography:...
and
SalurSalur or Saluru is a Municipality and Mandal headquarters in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh...
. There are many
bus stationA bus station is a structure where city or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. It is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can stop...
s in the entire district. APSRTC operated 441 buses with an average of 371 buses covering a distance of 420 kilometers of route. They have carried about 46 lakhs of passengers per month in 2005.
Auto RickshawAn auto rickshaw or three-wheeler is a usually three-wheeled cabin cycle for private use and as a vehicle for hire. It is a motorized version of the traditional pulled rickshaw or cycle rickshaw...
,
Cycle rickshawThe cycle rickshaw is a small-scale local means of transport; it is also known by a variety of other names such as velotaxi, pedicab, bikecab, cyclo, becak, trisikad, or trishaw or, simply, rickshaw which also refers to auto rickshaws, and the, now uncommon, rickshaws pulled by a person on foot...
and
CyclesA bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist, or bicyclist....
are the major modes of local transport in the small towns and villages.
There are 3 Head
Post OfficeA post office is a facility forming part of a postal system for the posting, receipt, sorting, handling, transmission or delivery of mail.Post offices offer mail-related services such as post office boxes, postage and packaging supplies...
s in Vizianagaram, Parvathipuram and Bobbili. There are 628 Branch and Sub Post Offices in Vizianagaram district covering all the mandals. There are 62 Telegraph Offices in the district.
There are 78
Telephone ExchangeIn the field of telecommunications, a telephone exchange or telephone switch is a system of electronic components that connects telephone calls...
s in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh Circle of
Bharat Sanchar Nigam LimitedBharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is a state-owned telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi, India. It is the largest provider of fixed telephony and fourth largest mobile telephony provider in India, and is also a provider of broadband services...
. The total customer base is 51,315 phone connections covering all the mandals. There are 6,223 public call offices.
Idea CellularIdea Cellular, usually referred to as Idea, is an Indian wireless telecom company based in Mumbai, India. Idea is the 3rd largest mobile services operator in India, in revenue terms, and recorded of over 98.4 million customers as of August 2011....
, Airtel and
Tata IndicomTata Teleservices Limited is a Indian broadband and telecommunications provider based in Mumbai, India. It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group, an Indian conglomerate...
are the major private cellular services operates in Vizianagaram district as part of their services in Andhra Pradesh.
Demographics
According to the
2011 censusThe 15th Indian National census was conducted in two phases, houselisting and population enumeration. Houselisting phase began on April 1, 2010 and involved collection of information about all buildings...
Vizianagaram district has a
populationThe demographics of India are inclusive of the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.21 billion people , more than a sixth of the world's population. Already containing 17.5% of the world's population, India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2025, surpassing...
of 2,342,868 , roughly equal to the nation of
LatviaLatvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
or the US state of
New MexicoNew Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S...
. This gives it a ranking of 193rd in India (out of a total of
640A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Districts are further subdivided, in some cases into Sub-Divisions, and otherwise directly into tehsils or talukas.District officials include:...
). The district has a population density of 358 PD/sqkm . Its
population growth rateFamily planning in India is based on efforts largely sponsored by the Indian government. In the 1965-2009 period, contraceptive usage has more than tripled and the fertility rate has more than halved , but the national fertility rate is still high enough to cause long-term population growth...
over the decade 2001-2011 was 4.16 %. Vizianagaram has a
sex ratioSex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. The primary sex ratio is the ratio at the time of conception, secondary sex ratio is the ratio at time of birth, and tertiary sex ratio is the ratio of mature organisms....
of 1016
femalesThe status of women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few millennia. From equal status with men in ancient times through the low points of the medieval period, to the promotion of equal rights by many reformers, the history of women in India has been eventful...
for every 1000 males, and a
literacy rateLiteracy in India is key for socio-economic progress, and the Indian literacy rate grew to 74.04% in 2011 from 12% at the end of British rule in 1947. Although this was a greater than sixfold improvement, the level is well below the world average literacy rate of 84%, and India currently has the...
of 59.49 %.
The district had a population of 9,58,778 in 1901. The total population of district increased to 22,49,254 as per 2001 census.
They consists of 11,19,541 males and 11,29,713 females. There are 1009 females per 1000 males in the district. The total area is 6,539 square kilometres. The population density is 344 persons per km². The increase in population during the decennium from 1991 to 2001 is 6.55 percent for the district as against 14.6 percent for the Andhra Pradesh State.
The Scheduled Caste population is 2,38,023 and Scheduled Tribe population is 2,14,839 which comes to 10.58 % and 9.55 % respectively to the total population of the district.
The rural population of the district is 18.37 lakhs which comes to 82 % of the total population and the urban population is 4.12 lakhs which comes to 18 % of the total population. Vizianagaram Town with a population of 1,95,801 is the only Class-I town in the district. There are twelve towns in the district;
VizianagaramVizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is, at present, the largest municipality of...
,
CheepurupalliCheepuru-palli or Chipuru-palle[also known Chipurupalli or Cheepurupally] is a rural town and Mandal in the Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Geography:Chipurupalle has an average elevation of 87 meters...
,
GajularegaGajularega is a census town in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Demographics: India census, Gajularega had a population of 13,078. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Gajularega has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of...
,
KanapakaKanapaka is a census town in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Demographics: India census, Kanapaka had a population of 6684. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Kanapaka has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%:...
,
BobbiliBobbili is a town, mandal headquarters and a Municipality in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Bobbili is located at . It has an average elevation of 103 metres .-History:...
,
ParvathipuramParvathipuram is a town, Municipality and Division in Vizianagaram district in Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Parvathipuram is located at 18°46'N 83°25'E. It has an average elevation of 120 metres .-Demographics:...
,
SalurSalur or Saluru is a Municipality and Mandal headquarters in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh...
,
SriramnagarSriramnagar is a census town in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.There is a post office at Sriramnagar.-Demographics: India census, Sriramnagar had a population of 19,550. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%...
,
NellimarlaNelli-marla is a census town and Mandal located in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh state in south India.-Geography:Nellimarla is located on the banks of Champavathi River at . It has an average elevation of 190 metres .-Demographics:...
,
KothavalasaKotha-valasa or Kotta-valasa is a census town and mandal in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Geography:Kothavalasa is located at . It has an average elevation of 209 meters .-Demographics:...
,
ChintalavalasaChintalavalasa is a census town in Denkada mandal of Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.-Demographics: India census, Chintalavalasa had a population of 6421. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Chintalavalasa has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher...
,
JarjapupetaJarjapupeta is a census town in Vizianagaram district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.-Demographics: India census, Jarjapupeta had a population of 5534. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Jarjapupeta has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of...
and
GajapathinagaramGajapathi-nagaram is a Town and Mandal in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.It is located on National Highway 43 between Vizianagaram and Ramabhadrapuram.-Demographics:...
. All the towns are in plain areas of the district.
Culture
The social customs in Vizianagaram district are South Indian Style with minor changes. The local people are soft spoken and kind at heart with strong family traditions. Gurajada Appa Rao (1862–1915) used all forms of literature like drama, novel, poetry, short story and essay with equal facility. He assimilated the culture and language of this region and became the forerunner of social reforms in India.
The predominant religion is
HinduismHinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism is known to its followers as , amongst many other expressions...
. The major festivals are
SankranthiMakar Sankranti or Sankranti or Sankranthi marks the transition of the Sun into Makara rashi on its celestial path...
,
UgadiYugadi or Ugadi or "Samvatsradi" , Konkani/Marathi: युगादी yugādi, , formed by sandhi of yuga "age" and ādi "beginning": the beginning of an age) is the New Year's Day for the people of the Deccan region of India. It falls on the different day every year because the Hindu calendar is a lunisolar...
and
Rama NavamiRam Navami also known as Sri Ram Navami is a Hindu festival, celebrating the birth of Lord Rama to King Dasharatha and Queen Kausalya of Ayodhya. Ram is the 7th incarnation of the Dashavatara of Vishnu. Years later Lord Rama was married to Sita on the...
,
Maha ShivaratriMaha Shivratri or Maha Sivaratri or Shivaratri or Sivarathri is a Hindu festival celebrated every year on the 13th night/14th day in the Krishna Paksha of the month of Maagha or Phalguna...
, Deepavali,
Ganesh ChaturthiGanesh Chaturthi , also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi is the Hindu festival of Ganesha also called Vinayagar in Tamil Nadu, the son of Shiva and Parvati, who is believed to bestow his presence on earth for all his devotees in the duration of this festival...
,
DasaraVijayadashami also known as Dasara, is one of the most important festivals celebrated in various forms, across India, Nepal and Bangladesh...
and Vijayadasami. The nine-day festival celebrations during Rama Navami and Ganesh Chaturthi are very popular in many towns and associated with many cultural events including Stage
DramaDrama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" , which is derived from "to do","to act" . The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a...
s,
HarikathaHarikatha , otherwise called Katha Kalakshepa is a form of Hindu religious discourse, also known as Katha storytelling format, in which the story teller explores a religious theme, usually the life of a saint or a story from an Indian epic.Harikatha is a composite art form composed of story...
s,
Burra kathaBurra katha, also spelled burrakatha, is a storytelling technique used in villages of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in India. The troupe consists of one main performer and two co-performers. It is a narrative entertainment that consists of prayers, solo drama, dance, songs, poems and jokes...
s etc. Festivals of Gramadevatha are held annually at Vizianagaram, Bobbili, Salur, Parvathipuram and Sambara with much fanfare. The most popular amongst them is Pydithalli Ammavari Jatra, celebrated at Vizianagaram on Vijayadasami day. And also Polamma Jatara, at Sambara in Sambara Village of Makkuva Mandal is a Very much state known famous festival being celebrated in every 3rd week of January. This is a very renown festival for north andhra people.
The cuisine is strikingly South Indian Style with
RiceRice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
as the staple food accompanied by
DalDal is a preparation of pulses which have been stripped of their outer hulls and split. It also refers to the thick stew prepared from these, an important part of Indian, Nepali, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, and Bangladeshi cuisine...
s,
RasamRasam is a South Indian soup. Traditional preparation involves tamarind juice as base in addition to tomato, chili pepper and other spices as seasonings. Steamed lentils are added by some along with any preferred vegetables. Nowadays all the seasonings required are combined and ground beforehand...
or
Sambar, Vegetable Curries,
PicklePickling is a process of preserving food. Pickle or pickling may refer to:-Food:* Pickled cucumber* Pickled onion* Pickled herring* Indian pickle includes oil-based food preservation* Branston and similar sweet pickle relishes...
s and
CurdCurds are a dairy product obtained by curdling milk with rennet or an edible acidic substance such as lemon juice or vinegar, and then draining off the liquid portion. The increased acidity causes the milk proteins to tangle into solid masses, or curds. The remaining liquid, which contains only...
.
Flora and fauna
ForestA forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending where you are in the world, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have various classification according to how and what of the forest is composed...
ry plays an important role in the economy of the district. The forest types found in the district are 1.Southern tropical mixed deciduous forests, 2.Northern tropical dry deciduous forests, 3.Southern tropical dry mixed deciduous forests, 4.Dry deciduous green forests and 5.Dry evergreen forests.
Fauna in the district is fairly high in the interior hill regions, but it is heavily threatened with extinction. The reasons for the depletion are mainly shrinkage of habitat and uncontrolled
poachingPoaching is the illegal taking of wild plants or animals contrary to local and international conservation and wildlife management laws. Violations of hunting laws and regulations are normally punishable by law and, collectively, such violations are known as poaching.It may be illegal and in...
. The principal animals are yellow
batBats are mammals of the order Chiroptera "hand" and pteron "wing") whose forelimbs form webbed wings, making them the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight. By contrast, other mammals said to fly, such as flying squirrels, gliding possums, and colugos, glide rather than fly,...
, sloth
bearBears are mammals of the family Ursidae. Bears are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans, with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives. Although there are only eight living species of bear, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern...
, wild buffaloes,
foxFox is a common name for many species of omnivorous mammals belonging to the Canidae family. Foxes are small to medium-sized canids , characterized by possessing a long narrow snout, and a bushy tail .Members of about 37 species are referred to as foxes, of which only 12 species actually belong to...
,
hareHares and jackrabbits are leporids belonging to the genus Lepus. Hares less than one year old are called leverets. Four species commonly known as types of hare are classified outside of Lepus: the hispid hare , and three species known as red rock hares .Hares are very fast-moving...
,
hyenaHyenas or Hyaenas are the animals of the family Hyaenidae of suborder feliforms of the Carnivora. It is the fourth smallest biological family in the Carnivora , and one of the smallest in the mammalia...
,
jackalAlthough the word jackal has been historically used to refer to many small- to medium-sized species of the wolf genus of mammals, Canis, today it most properly and commonly refers to three species: the black-backed jackal and the side-striped jackal of sub-Saharan Africa, and the golden jackal of...
,
mongooseMongoose are a family of 33 living species of small carnivorans from southern Eurasia and mainland Africa. Four additional species from Madagascar in the subfamily Galidiinae, which were previously classified in this family, are also referred to as "mongooses" or "mongoose-like"...
etc., The principal birds are blue rock pigeon, house
crowCrows form the genus Corvus in the family Corvidae. Ranging in size from the relatively small pigeon-size jackdaws to the Common Raven of the Holarctic region and Thick-billed Raven of the highlands of Ethiopia, the 40 or so members of this genus occur on all temperate continents and several...
, house
sparrowThe sparrows are a family of small passerine birds, Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, or Old World sparrows, names also used for a genus of the family, Passer...
, common myna pitta etc.,
Education
Vizianagaram district has been comparatively backward in the field of education. The literacy rate is 51.82 % as against the average of 61.55 % for the entire Andhra Pradesh State.
There are 2379 Primary Schools, 462 Upper Primary Schools and 341 High Schools in 2004-2005. There are 81 Junior and 33 Degree Colleges. There are 14 Industrial Training Institutes and 2 Polytechnic Colleges. There are 9 B.Ed. Colleges and 1 M.Ed. College, one Sanskrit College and one Music and Dance College. There is a Postgraduate Center at Vizianagaram, 5 Engineering Colleges, 2 Law Colleges and a Medical College in this district.
There are 38 Branch Libraries in the district managed by Zilla Grandhalaya Samstha. They are located 1-2 in each mandal. There are about 41 book depot centres in the district.
- Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Cherukupalli, Bhogapuram.
- Gokul Institute of Science and Technology, Bobbili.
- Kodi Rama Murthy College of Physical Education, Bobbili.
- Maharajah's Government College of Music and Dance
Maharajah's Government College of Music and Dance is an eminent educational institution in Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh. It is the first music college in South India.-Profile:...
.
- Maharaja's Sanskrit College.
- Maharaja's Vijayaram Gajapathi Raju Law College, Vizianagaram.
- Maharaja's Post-graduate Centre, Vizianagaram.
- Maharaj Vijayaram Gajapath Raj College of Engineering, Vizianagaram.
- Maharaja's Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla.
- St. Theressa Institute of Engineering and Technology, Garividi(Cheepurupalli).
- Thandra Paparaya Institute of Science and Technology, Bobbili.
- Srinivasa Junior & degree college, Vizianagaram
- Gayatri Junior & degree college, Vizianagaram
- maharajah (autonomous)degree college,vizianagaram
- United Hotel Management Academy, Fort, Vizianagaram.
Media
TelevisionTelevision is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
and
RadioRadio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space...
are regular homely entertainment. Telugu films are very popular in recent days. There are as many as 81
Movie theaterA movie theater, cinema, movie house, picture theater, film theater is a venue, usually a building, for viewing motion pictures ....
s in almost all the towns, mandals and big villages in the district. In many places, it is the only mode of entertainment outside.
Sports
The
Maharajkumar of VizianagramLieutenant Colonel Sir Vijayananda Gajapathi Raju , better known as the Maharajkumar of Vizianagram or Vizzy, was an Indian cricketer, cricket administrator and politician.- Childhood :...
fondly known as Sir Vizzy popularized the
cricketCricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on an oval-shaped field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the...
game in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. It is in honor of this great entrepreneur of cricket that Vizzy Stadium was made in his home town, Vizianagaram. The Vizzy Stadium is one of the
Cricket grounds in Andhra PradeshThe following table lists the cricket grounds in Andhra Pradesh that have hosted First-Class Matches and List A Cricket Matches. Also, included in the list are the cricket grounds that have hosted International matches in Andhra Pradesh....
, where first class cricket is played. Vizzy led India in
Test cricketTest cricket is the longest form of the sport of cricket. Test matches are played between national representative teams with "Test status", as determined by the International Cricket Council , with four innings played between two teams of 11 players over a period of up to a maximum five days...
and later became a cricket administrator and commentator. He was the President for the Board of Control for Cricket in India. He loved doing commentaries for
All India RadioAll India Radio , officially known since 1956 as Akashvani , is the radio broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati. Established in 1936, it is the sister service of Prasar Bharati's Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster. All India Radio is one of the largest radio networks...
. He was a very benevolent man, who donated the Wellington pavilion at the Ferozshah Kotla stadium in
New DelhiNew Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
.
External links