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Vivipary
 
 
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A viviparous animal
Animal

Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life....
 is an animal employing vivipary: the embryo develops inside the body of the mother, as opposed to outside in an egg
Egg (biology)

In most birds and reptiles, an egg is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum. To enable incubation the egg is usually kept within a favourable temperature range as it nourishes and protects the growing embryo....
 (ovipary). The mother then gives live birth
Live birth

A live birth occurs when a fetus, whatever its gestational age, exits the maternal body and subsequently shows any sign of life, such as voluntary muscle, heartbeat, or pulsation of the umbilical cord, for however brief a time and regardless of whether the umbilical cord or placenta are intact....
. The less developed form of vivipary is called ovoviviparity
Ovoviviparity

Ovoviviparous, also known as oviviparous, animals develop within Egg s that remain within the mother's body up until they hatch or are about to hatch....
, which, for instance, occurs in most vipers
Viperidae

The Viperidae are a family of venomous snakes found all over the world, except in Australia and Madagascar. All have relatively long hinged fangs that permit deep penetration and injection of venom....
. The more developed form of vivipary is called placental viviparity
Placenta

The placenta or afterbirth is a highly vascularized ephemeral organ present in Placentalia vertebrates that connects the developing fetal tissues to the uterine wall....
; placental mammals
Eutheria

Eutheria are a group of mammals consisting of placental mammals plus all extinct mammals that are more closely related to living placentals than to living marsupials ....
 are the best example, but other animals have also adapted by incorporating this behavior, such as in scorpion
Scorpion

Scorpions are any arachnid of the order Scorpionida. They are members of the order Scorpiones within the class Arachnida. There are about 2,000 species of scorpions, found widely distributed south of about Latitude, except New Zealand and Antarctica....
s, some shark
Shark

Sharks are a type of fish with a full Cartilage skeleton and a highly Streamlines, streaklines and pathlinesd body. They respire with the use of five to seven gill slits....
s, some snake
Snake

Snakes are elongate legless carnivore reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears....
s, and in velvet worm
Velvet worm

The velvet worms form a clade within the Ecdysozoa and can be simply described as "worms with legs". Most common in the Southern Hemisphere, they prey on smaller animals such as insects, which they catch by squirting a sticky slime....
s.






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Encyclopedia


A viviparous animal
Animal

Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life....
 is an animal employing vivipary: the embryo develops inside the body of the mother, as opposed to outside in an egg
Egg (biology)

In most birds and reptiles, an egg is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum. To enable incubation the egg is usually kept within a favourable temperature range as it nourishes and protects the growing embryo....
 (ovipary). The mother then gives live birth
Live birth

A live birth occurs when a fetus, whatever its gestational age, exits the maternal body and subsequently shows any sign of life, such as voluntary muscle, heartbeat, or pulsation of the umbilical cord, for however brief a time and regardless of whether the umbilical cord or placenta are intact....
. The less developed form of vivipary is called ovoviviparity
Ovoviviparity

Ovoviviparous, also known as oviviparous, animals develop within Egg s that remain within the mother's body up until they hatch or are about to hatch....
, which, for instance, occurs in most vipers
Viperidae

The Viperidae are a family of venomous snakes found all over the world, except in Australia and Madagascar. All have relatively long hinged fangs that permit deep penetration and injection of venom....
. The more developed form of vivipary is called placental viviparity
Placenta

The placenta or afterbirth is a highly vascularized ephemeral organ present in Placentalia vertebrates that connects the developing fetal tissues to the uterine wall....
; placental mammals
Eutheria

Eutheria are a group of mammals consisting of placental mammals plus all extinct mammals that are more closely related to living placentals than to living marsupials ....
 are the best example, but other animals have also adapted by incorporating this behavior, such as in scorpion
Scorpion

Scorpions are any arachnid of the order Scorpionida. They are members of the order Scorpiones within the class Arachnida. There are about 2,000 species of scorpions, found widely distributed south of about Latitude, except New Zealand and Antarctica....
s, some shark
Shark

Sharks are a type of fish with a full Cartilage skeleton and a highly Streamlines, streaklines and pathlinesd body. They respire with the use of five to seven gill slits....
s, some snake
Snake

Snakes are elongate legless carnivore reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears....
s, and in velvet worm
Velvet worm

The velvet worms form a clade within the Ecdysozoa and can be simply described as "worms with legs". Most common in the Southern Hemisphere, they prey on smaller animals such as insects, which they catch by squirting a sticky slime....
s. Certain lizards also employ this method such as the genera Tiliqua and Corucia. The placenta is attached directly to the mother in these lizards which is called viviparous matrotrophy. Viviparous offspring live independently and require an external food supply from birth. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages to being viviparous.

Viviparous plants produce seeds that germinate before they detach from the parent. In many Mangroves, for instance, the seedling germinates and grows under its own energy while still attached to its parent before dropping into the water in order to transport away.

Vivipary in popular culture

The 1932 distopian novel
Novel

File:2009 stapelweise Neuerscheinungen im Buchladen.JPGA novel is today a long narrative in literary prose. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of the medieval and early modern Romance and in the tradition of the novella....
 Brave New World
Brave New World

Brave New World is a novel by Aldous Huxley, written in 1931 in literature and published in 1932 in literature. Set in the London of AD 2540 , the novel anticipates developments in reproductive technology and sleep-learning that combine to change society....
 by Aldous Huxley
Aldous Huxley

Aldous Leonard Huxley was an English writer and one of the most prominent members of the famous Huxley family. He spent the later part of his life in the United States, living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death in 1963....
 features copulation with vivipary as a "smutty" and a socially unacceptable method of reproduction. It is instead replaced with in vitro fertilization along with complete external incubation, taken to the extremes of mass production.

See also

  • Oviparity
    Oviparity

    Oviparous animals are animals that lay Egg , with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the Biological reproduction of most fish, amphibians, reptiles, all birds, the monotremes, and most insects and arachnids....
  • Ovoviviparity
    Ovoviviparity

    Ovoviviparous, also known as oviviparous, animals develop within Egg s that remain within the mother's body up until they hatch or are about to hatch....
  • Placental mammals
  • Marsupial
    Marsupial

    Marsupials are an infraclass of mammals, characterized by a distinctive Pouch , in which females carry their young through early infancy....
    s
  • Live-bearing aquarium fish
    Live-bearing aquarium fish

    Live-bearing aquarium fish, often simply called livebearers, are fish that retain the eggs inside the body and give birth to live, free-swimming young....
  • False vivipary
    False vivipary

    False Vivipary is an abnormal condition found in many types of plants in which a plantlet is produced where the flower should appear. It is not a completely understood topic, but some say it could be caused by a hormonal mistake....