Viviparidae
Encyclopedia
Viviparidae, sometimes known as the river snails or mystery snails, are a family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of large operculate
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...

 freshwater snail
Freshwater snail
A freshwater snail is one kind of freshwater mollusc, the other kind being freshwater clams and mussels, i.e. freshwater bivalves. Specifically a freshwater snail is a gastropod that lives in a watery non-marine habitat. The majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions....

s, aquatic
Aquatic animal
An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in water for most or all of its life. It may breathe air or extract its oxygen from that dissolved in water through specialised organs called gills, or directly through its skin. Natural environments and the animals that...

 gastropod mollusks.

This family is classified in the informal group Architaenioglossa
Architaenioglossa
Architaenioglossa is a taxonomic group of snails which have gills and often an operculum. They are primarily land and freshwater gastropod mollusks within the clade Caenogastropoda....

 according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

.

Distribution

This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...

.

There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya
Bellamya
The Bellamya was a supertanker, built in 1976 by Chantiers de l'Atlantique at Saint-Nazaire for the French branch of Shell Oil. It was the second Batillus class supertanker...

and Neothauma
Neothauma
Neothauma tanganyicense is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Viviparidae.This is the only species in the genus Neothauma.- Distribution :...

.

Taxonomy

The family Viviparidae contains 3 subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

):
  • Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
  • Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
  • Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

Genera

Genera within the family Viviparidae include:

subfamily Viviparinae
  • Angulyagra Rao, 1931
  • Taia Annandale, 1918
  • Viviparus
    Viviparus
    Viviparus, common name river snails, is a genus of large, freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks. They are primitive members of the superorder Caenogastropoda.-Distribution:This genus is palaearctic in distribution....

    Montfort
    Pierre Denys de Montfort
    Pierre Denys de Montfort, also sometimes spelled "Pierre Dénys de Montfort", was a French naturalist, in particular a malacologist, remembered today for his pioneering inquiries into the existence of the giant squid Architeuthis, which was thought to be an old wives' tale, and for which he was...

    , 1810 - type genus
    Type genus
    In biological classification, a type genus is a representative genus, as with regard to a biological family. The term and concept is used much more often and much more formally in zoology than it is in botany, and the definition is dependent on the nomenclatural Code that applies:* In zoological...

  • Tulotoma
    Tulotoma
    Tulotoma magnifica, common name Alabama Live-bearing Snail or tulotoma, is a species of freshwater gastropod in the Viviparidae family. It is endemic to Alabama, the United States.- Description :...

    Haldeman, 1840


subfamily Bellamyinae
  • Apameaus Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006. This Pliocene-Pleistocene genus contains only one species Apameaus apameae Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006
  • Bellamya Jousseame, 1886 - type genus of the subfamily
  • Cipangopaludina
    Cipangopaludina
    Bellamya is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Viviparidae.-Species:Species within the genus Cipangopaludina include:* Cipangopaludina lecythis synonyms:...

    Hannibal, 1912


subfamily Lioplacinae
  • Lioplax
    Lioplax
    Lioplax is a genus of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Viviparidae.-Species:Species within the genus Lioplax include:...

    Troschel, 1856
  • Campeloma
    Campeloma
    Campeloma is a genus of gilled operculate freshwater snails in the family Viviparidae. They are common in unpolluted rivers in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada.-Species:Species within the genus Campeloma include:...

    Rafinesque, 1819


subfamily ?
  • Albianopalin Hamilton-Bruce, Smith & Gowlett-Holmes, 2002 - from Albian
    Albian
    The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous epoch/series. Its approximate time range is 112.0 ± 1.0 Ma to 99.6 ± 0.9 Ma...

    , New South Wales
  • Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
  • Centrapala Cotton, 1935
  • Filopaludina Habe, 1964
  • Heterogen Annandale, 1921 - with the only species Heterogen longispira
    Heterogen longispira
    Heterogen longispira is a species of operculate freshwater snail, aquatic gastropod mollusks in he family Viviparidae.Heterogen longispira is the only species in the genus Heterogen.- Distribution :...

    (E. A. Smith, 1886)
  • Idiopoma Pilsbry
    Henry Augustus Pilsbry
    Henry Augustus Pilsbry was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a century...

    , 1901
  • Larina Adams, 1851
  • Margarya
    Margarya
    Margarya is a genus of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in he family Viviparidae.These snails appear to be endemic to lakes in Yunnan Province in the China.-Species:Species within the genus Margarya include:...

    Nevill, 1877
  • Mekongia Crosse & Fischer, 1876
  • Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880 - with the only species Neothauma tanganyicense
    Neothauma tanganyicense
    Neothauma tanganyicense is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Viviparidae.This is the only species in the genus Neothauma.- Distribution :...

    E. A. Smith, 1880
  • Notopala
    Notopala
    Notopala is a genus of large, freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Viviparidae, the river snails or mystery snails.- Description :...

    Cotton, 1935
  • Rivularia Huede, 1890
  • Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968
  • Sinotaia Haas, 1939
  • Trochotaia Brandt, 1974

External links

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