Vistulan Country

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Vistulan Country

Vistula Land or Vistula Country (Privislyansky Krai
Krai

Krai or kray is a term used to refer to nine of Russia's federal subjects of Russia. The term is often translated as territory, province, country or region....
; ) was the name applied for the lands of Congress Poland

Congress Poland

Congress Poland [], officially and formally Kingdom of Poland and informally known as Russian Poland was a constitutional personal union of the Russian Empire created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, replaced by the Central Powers in 1915 with the Kingdom of Poland ....
when after the defeat of the November Uprising (1830-31) it was increasingly stripped from autonomy and incorporated into Imperial Russia. It also continued to be informally known as Russian Poland.

After 1837 all voivodeships

Voivodeships of Poland

The voivodeship or province has been a high-level administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century. Pursuant to the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998, effective January 1, 1999, sixteen new voivodeships were created, replacing the former 49 that had existed from July 1, 1975....
that constituted the Kingdom of Poland

Congress Poland

Congress Poland [], officially and formally Kingdom of Poland and informally known as Russian Poland was a constitutional personal union of the Russian Empire created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, replaced by the Central Powers in 1915 with the Kingdom of Poland ....
were turned into gubernias and became an integral part of Russia, ruled directly by the Russian tsars

List of Russian rulers

At different times, a ruler in Kievan Rus'/Rus' principalities/Tsardom of Russia/Russian Empire bore the title of Kniaz , Velikiy Kniaz , Tsar, Emperor....
.

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Congress Poland

Voivodeships of Poland

Congress Poland

Congress Poland [], officially and formally Kingdom of Poland and informally known as Russian Poland was a constitutional personal union of the Russian Empire created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, replaced by the Central Powers in 1915 with the Kingdom of Poland ....
were turned into gubernias and became an integral part of Russia, ruled directly by the Russian tsars

List of Russian rulers

At different times, a ruler in Kievan Rus'/Rus' principalities/Tsardom of Russia/Russian Empire bore the title of Kniaz , Velikiy Kniaz , Tsar, Emperor....
. In 1831 the Polish Army, constitution, Sejm

Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
and local self-administration were disbanded. Also all universities were closed, only to be reopened several years later as purely-Russian high schools.

Initially the territory maintained certain degree of autonomy than other gubernias. The former Kingdom of Poland continued to use the Polish currency (zloty) and the Administrative Council

Administrative Council

Administrative Council was a part of Council of State of the Congress Poland. Introduced by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland in 1815, it was composed of 5 ministers, special nominees of the Tsar and the Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland....
retained some of its privileges (although it was directly controlled by the Russian governor Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich

Ivan Paskevich

Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich was a Ukraine-born military leader in the Russian service. For his victories, he was made Count of Erivan in 1828 and Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland in 1831....
). However, by 1832 the currency and the customs border were abolished, as was the metric system

Si, si, or SI may refer to :...
and penal code

Penal code

A penal code is a portion of a state's laws defining crimes and specifying the punishment. Other parts of the laws of a given state can define crimes and punishments, such as a traffic code or a Building code, or laws addressing natural environmental resources by regulating hunting, fishing, or forestry....
. Also the Catholic Church was persecuted and most monasteries were closed and nationalised. In 1839 following the Synod of Polotsk the Greek-Catholic Church self-disbanded and united under the Russian Orthodox Church

Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church ; or The Moscow Patriarchate , also known as the Orthodox Christian Church of Russia, is a body of Christianity who constitute an Autocephaly Eastern Orthodox Church under the jurisdiction of the List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow, in full communion with the other Eastern Orthodox Churches....
.

After the January Uprising in 1863, the coat of arms

Coat of arms

A coat of arms, more properly called an armorial achievement, armorial bearings or often just arms for short, in European tradition, is a design belonging to a particular person and used by them in a wide variety of ways....
of the Congress Kingdom was abandoned, the Polish language

Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
was banned from office and education and the process of incorporation of the Polish gubernias and Russification

Russification

Russification is an adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attribute by non-Russian communities. In a narrow sense, Russification is used to denote the influence of the Russian language on Slavic languages, Baltic languages and other languages, spoken in areas currently or formerly controlled by Russia, which led to emerging...
of its administration was completed.

After the reform of 1867 (see Administrative division of Congress Poland

Administrative division of Congress Poland

The administrative division of Congress Poland changed several times. Immediately after its creation, 1815-1816, the Congress Kingdom of Poland was divided into Department , Administrative division of Duchy of Warsaw from the times of the French-dominated Duchy of Warsaw....
) it consisted of 10 Governorate
Guberniya

Guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually translated as government, governorate, or province. A guberniya was ruled by a governor or , a word borrowed from Latin , in turn from Greek ....
s: ?????????? (Suvalskaya

Suwalki

Suwalki is a town in northeastern Poland with 69,340 inhabitants . The Czarna Hancza river flows through the town.It is the capital of Suwalki County and one of the most important centres of commerce in the Podlaskie Voivodeship....
), ?????????? (Lomzhinskaya

Lomza

Lomza [] is a town in north-eastern Poland, approximately 90 miles from Warsaw and 50 miles from Bialystok. It is situated alongside the Narew river and has been in the Podlaskie Voivodeship since 1999; previously, it was the capital of the Lomza Voivodeship ....
), ??????? (Plotskaya

Plock

Plock is a city in central Poland, on the Vistula river, with 131,011 inhabitants. It is located in the Masovian Voivodeship , having previously been the capital of the Plock Voivodeship ....
), ????????? (Sedletskaya

Siedlce

Siedlce is a town in eastern Poland with 77,092 inhabitants . Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship , previously the town was the capital of a separate Siedlce Voivodeship ....
) and ?????????? (Lublin

Lublin

Lublin is the largest city in Poland east of the Vistula, and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355,954 . It is List of cities and towns in Poland....
skaya) by the right side of the Vistula River, and the remaining 5 by the left side: ????????? (Kalishskaya

Kalisz

Kalisz is a city in central Poland with 109,800 inhabitants . Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostr?w Wielkopolski and Skalmierzyce....
), ?????????? (Varshavskaya

Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
), ???????????? (Petrokovskaya), ????????? (Radom

Radom

Radom is a city in central Poland with 227,309 inhabitants. It is located on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship , having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship , 100 km south of Poland's capital, Warsaw....
skaya) and ???????? (Keletskaya

Kielce

Kielce is a city in central Poland with 202,609 inhabitants . It is also the capital city of the Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship since 1999, previously in Kielce Voivodeship ....
).

The territory was a namestnichestvo until 1875 and later Governorate General - see Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland

Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland

Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland was the title of the official representatives of the king of Poland in Congress Poland, which existed from 1815 to 1874....
.

During World War I

World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
, in 1915 the area was occupied by the Central Powers

Central Powers

The Central Powers was one of the two sides that participated in World War I, the other being the Allies of World War I....
who proposed the Kingdom of Poland (1916–1918)

Kingdom of Poland (1916–1918)

The Kingdom of Poland, also informally called Regency Kingdom of Poland , was the state proposed by the Act of November 5, 1916 issued by German Empire and Austria-Hungary....
. In 1917 Russia ceded all Polish territories it had possessed to the German Empire

German Empire

The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I, German Emperor as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became Weimar republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of William II, German Emperor ....
and Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
.

Administrative Divisions

Governorate	Name in Russian	Name in Polish	Seat	Area, in thousands of km²	Population, in thousands,(1905)
Warsaw Governorate Warsaw Governorate Warsaw Governorate was an administrative unit of the Congress Poland.It was created in 1844 from the Masovia Governorate and Kalisz Governorates, and had the capital in Warsaw....	?????????? ????????	Gubernia warszawska	Warszawa	17,6	2233
Kalisz Governorate	????????? ????????	Gubernia kaliska	Kalisz Kalisz Kalisz is a city in central Poland with 109,800 inhabitants . Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostr?w Wielkopolski and Skalmierzyce....	11,3	964
Kielce Governorate	???????? ????????	Gubernia kielecka	Kielce Kielce Kielce is a city in central Poland with 202,609 inhabitants . It is also the capital city of the Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship since 1999, previously in Kielce Voivodeship ....	10,2	899
Lomza Governorate Lomza Governorate Lomza Governorate was an administrative unit of Congress Poland with seat in Lomza....	?????????? ????????	Gubernia lubelska	Lomza Lomza Lomza [] is a town in north-eastern Poland, approximately 90 miles from Warsaw and 50 miles from Bialystok. It is situated alongside the Narew river and has been in the Podlaskie Voivodeship since 1999; previously, it was the capital of the Lomza Voivodeship ....	10,6	645
Lublin Governorate Lublin Governorate Lublin Governorate , ) was an administrative unit of the Congress Poland....	?????????? ????????	Gubernia lomzynska	Lublin Lublin Lublin is the largest city in Poland east of the Vistula, and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355,954 . It is List of cities and towns in Poland....	16,9	1341
Piotrków Governorate	???????????? ????????	Gubernia piotrkowska	Piotrków Piotrków Trybunalski Piotrk?w Trybunalski [ ] is a city in central Poland with 80,738 inhabitants . It is situated in the L?dz Voivodeship , and previously was the capital of Piotrk?w Voivodeship ....	12,2	1640
Plock Governorate	????????? ????????	Gubernia plocka	Plock Plock Plock is a city in central Poland, on the Vistula river, with 131,011 inhabitants. It is located in the Masovian Voivodeship , having previously been the capital of the Plock Voivodeship ....	9,4	613
Radom Governorate Radom Governorate Radom Governorate was an administrative unit of the Congress Poland....	????????? ????????	Gubernia radomska	Radom Radom Radom is a city in central Poland with 227,309 inhabitants. It is located on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship , having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship , 100 km south of Poland's capital, Warsaw....	12,4	917
Siedlce Governorate	????????? ????????	Gubernia siedlecka	Siedlce Siedlce Siedlce is a town in eastern Poland with 77,092 inhabitants . Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship , previously the town was the capital of a separate Siedlce Voivodeship ....	14,3	894
Suwalki Governorate Suwalki Governorate Suwalki Governorate was an administrative unit of the Congress Poland with seat in Suwalki. It covered the territory of about 12,300 km?....	?????????? ????????	Gubernia suwalska	Suwalki Suwalki Suwalki is a town in northeastern Poland with 69,340 inhabitants . The Czarna Hancza river flows through the town.It is the capital of Suwalki County and one of the most important centres of commerce in the Podlaskie Voivodeship....	12,4	629

Vistulan Country

Administrative Divisions

See also

Further reading

External links