In
chemistryChemistry is the science concerned with the composition, behavior, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions...
vicinal (from
LatinLatin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Roman conquest, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe...
vicinus = neighbour) stands for any two
functional groupIn organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part...
s bonded to two adjacent
carbonCarbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...
atoms. For example the
moleculeA molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from polyatomic ions in this strict sense...
2,3-dibromobutane carries two vicinal
bromineBromine , is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. A halogen element, bromine is a reddish-brown volatile liquid at standard room temperature that is intermediate in reactivity between chlorine and iodine. Bromine vapors are corrosive and toxic. Approximately 556,000 metric...
atoms and 1,3-dibromobutane does not.
Likewise in a
gem-dibromide the prefix
gem, an abbreviation of
geminalIn chemistry, the term geminal refers to the relationship between two functional groups that are attached to the same atom...
, signals that both bromine atoms are bonded to the
same atom. For example, 1,1-dibromobutane is geminal.
Like other such concepts as
synIn organic chemistry, syn and anti addition are different ways in which two substituents can be added to a double bond or triple bond. This article will use alkenes as examples....
, anti, exo or endo, the description
vicinal helps explain how different parts of a molecule are related to each other either structurally or spatially.
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In
chemistryChemistry is the science concerned with the composition, behavior, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions...
vicinal (from
LatinLatin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Roman conquest, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe...
vicinus = neighbour) stands for any two
functional groupIn organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part...
s bonded to two adjacent
carbonCarbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...
atoms. For example the
moleculeA molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from polyatomic ions in this strict sense...
2,3-dibromobutane carries two vicinal
bromineBromine , is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. A halogen element, bromine is a reddish-brown volatile liquid at standard room temperature that is intermediate in reactivity between chlorine and iodine. Bromine vapors are corrosive and toxic. Approximately 556,000 metric...
atoms and 1,3-dibromobutane does not.
Likewise in a
gem-dibromide the prefix
gem, an abbreviation of
geminalIn chemistry, the term geminal refers to the relationship between two functional groups that are attached to the same atom...
, signals that both bromine atoms are bonded to the
same atom. For example, 1,1-dibromobutane is geminal.
Like other such concepts as
synIn organic chemistry, syn and anti addition are different ways in which two substituents can be added to a double bond or triple bond. This article will use alkenes as examples....
, anti, exo or endo, the description
vicinal helps explain how different parts of a molecule are related to each other either structurally or spatially. The vicinal adjective is sometimes restricted to those molecules with two
identical functional groups. The term can also be extended to substituents on aromatic rings.