Venus Anadyomene

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Venus Anadyomene

Venus Anadyomene ("Venus Rising From the Sea") was one of the iconic representations of Aphrodite

Aphrodite

Aphrodite is the classical Greek mythology goddess of love, sex, and beauty. According to Greek oral poet Hesiod, she was born when Uranus was castrated by his son Cronus....
, made famous in a much-admired painting by Apelles

Apelles

Campaspe

Campaspe, the mistress of Alexander the Great, was painted by Apelles, who had the reputation in classical antiquity for being the greatest of painters....
, a mistress of Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great , also known as Alexander III of Macedon was an ancient Greeks King of Macedon . He was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle....
, for his model. According to Athenaeus

Athenaeus

Athenaeus , of Naucratis in Egypt, Greeks rhetorician and grammarian, flourished about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century A.D. The Suda only tells us that he lived in the times of Marcus ; but the contempt with which he speaks of Commodus shows that he survived that emperor....
, the idea of Aphrodite Rising from the Sea was inspired by Phryne

Phryne

Phryne was a famous hetaera of Ancient Greece ....
who during the time of the festivals of the Eleusinia

Eleusinian Mysteries

The Eleusinian Mysteries were initiation ceremony held every year for the Cult of Demeter and Persephone based at Eleusis in ancient Greece. Of all the mysteries celebrated in ancient times, these were held to be the ones of greatest importance....
and Poseidon

Poseidon

In Greek mythology, Poseidon was the god of the sea and, as "Earth-Shaker," of earthquakes. The name of the god Nethuns in Etruscan mythology was adopted in Latin for Neptune in Roman mythology: both were sea gods analogous to Poseidon....
ia had no problem swimming nude in the sea.
al of Venus Anadyomene.]]

The image represents the birth of Aphrodite

Aphrodite

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Encyclopedia

Venus Anadyomene ("Venus Rising From the Sea") was one of the iconic representations of Aphrodite

Aphrodite

Apelles

Campaspe

Campaspe, the mistress of Alexander the Great, was painted by Apelles, who had the reputation in classical antiquity for being the greatest of painters....
, a mistress of Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great

Athenaeus

Phryne

Phryne was a famous hetaera of Ancient Greece ....
who during the time of the festivals of the Eleusinia

Eleusinian Mysteries

Poseidon

Antiquity

mural of Venus Anadyomene.]]

The image represents the birth of Aphrodite

Aphrodite

Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the Ancient Greece concerning their List of Greek mythological figures#Immortals and Greek hero cult, Cosmology#Metaphysical cosmology, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices....
Aphrodite was born fully adult from the sea, which perpetually renewed her virginity. A motif of the goddess wringing out her hair is often repeated. The subject was often repeated in Antiquity, a fourth-century sculptural representation from a Gallo-Roman villa in Aquitania

Aquitania

Aquitania may refer to:*the territory of the Aquitani* Gallia Aquitania, a province of the Roman Empire* 387 Aquitania, a fairly large main belt asteroid...
(Louvre

Louvre

The Louvre Museum , located in Paris, is a historic monument, and a national museum of France. It is a central landmark, located on the Rive Droite of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement of Paris ....
) testifying to the motif's continued viability in Late Antiquity

Late Antiquity

Late Antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, in both mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world: generally from the end of the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century to the Islamic conquests and the re-organization of the Byzantine Empire under...
.

Apelles

Apelles

Apelles of Kos was a renowned Painting of ancient Greece. Pliny the Elder, to whom we owe much of our knowledge of this artist rated him superior to preceding and subsequent artists....
' painting was brought to Rome, but was in badly damaged condition by the time of Pliny: listing Apelles' best paintings, he noted "[Another of] Venus emerging from the sea, dedicated by the late Augustus of blessed memory in the shrine of Caesar

Julius Caesar

'Gaius Julius Caesar' , July 13, 100 BC ? March 15, 44 BC,) was a Roman Republic military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
his [adoptive-]father, which is called "The Anadyomene", praised in Greek verses like other works, conquered by time but undimmed in fame."

Renaissance and post-Renaissance

Through the desire of Renaissance

Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
artists reading Pliny to emulate Apelles, and if possible to outdo him, Venus Anadyomene was taken up again in the fifteenth century: besides Botticelli's famous Birth of Venus (Uffizi Gallery, Florence) (shown on the left), another early Venus Anadyomene is the bas-relief by Antonio Lombardo

Antonio Lombardo (sculptor)

Antonio Lombardo was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, brother of Tullio Lombardo and son of Pietro Lombardo. He was born in Venice. The Lombardo worked together to sculpt church decorations and tombs....
from Wilton House

Wilton House

Wilton House is an English country house situated at Wilton, Wiltshire near Salisbury in Wiltshire. It has been the country seat of the Earl of Pembroke for over 400 years....
(Victoria and Albert Museum

Victoria and Albert Museum

The Victoria and Albert Museum in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 4.5 million Object ....
, London). Titian

Titian

File:Tizian 090.jpg Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio, born 1473/1490 , died 27 August 1576, better known as Titian , was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venice school of the Italian Renaissance....
's Venus Anadyomene
Venus Anadyomene (Titian)

Venus Anadyomene , is a c.1520 oil painting by Titian, depicting Venus rising from the sea and wringing her hair, either after bathing or after her birth....
(shown on the right), c. 1525, formerly a long-term loan by the Duke of Sutherland, was 2003's acquisition of the year at the National Gallery of Scotland

National Gallery of Scotland

The National Gallery of Scotland, in Edinburgh, is the national art gallery of Scotland. An elaborate Neoclassicism edifice, it stands on The Mound, between the two sections of Edinburgh's Princes Street Gardens....
, Edinburgh

Edinburgh

Edinburgh ; is the Capital city of Scotland, a position it has held since 1437. It is the seventh largest city in the United Kingdom and the second largest Scottish City status in the United Kingdom after Glasgow....
.

Venus Anadyomene offered a natural subject for a fountain: the National Gallery of Art

National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art is a national art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The museum was established in 1938 by the United States Congress, with funds for construction and a substantial art collection donated by Andrew W....
, Washington DC has a lifesize bronze plumbed so that water drips from Venus' hair, modelled by a close follower of Giambologna

Giambologna

Giambologna, born as Jean Boulogne, also known as Giovanni Da Bologna and Giovanni Bologna , was a sculpture, known for his marble sculpture and bronze sculpture statuary in a late Renaissance or Mannerist style....
, late sixteenth century. Rococo sculptures of the subject were modestly draped across the hips, but bolder nudes appealed to male nineteenth-century patrons: Théodore Chassériau

Théodore Chassériau

File:MacbethAndBanquo-Witches.jpgTh?odore Chass?riau was a France romanticism Painting noted for his portraits, historical and religious paintings, allegorical murals, and Orientalism images inspired by his travels to Algeria....
executed the subject in 1835 and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres' Venus Anadyomene, completed after many years in 1848, is one of the painter's most celebrated works (Musée Condé, Chantilly, France). Alexandre Cabanel

Alexandre Cabanel

Alexandre Cabanel was a France Painting.Cabanel was born in Montpellier, H?rault. He painted historical, classical and religious subjects in the academic style....
's Birth of Venus
The Birth of Venus (Cabanel)

The Birth of Venus is a painting by the French artist Alexandre Cabanel . It was painted in 1863, and is now in the Mus?e d'Orsay in Paris....
of 1863 reworks the Pompeiian fresco, then recently rediscovered.

William Adolphe Bouguereau (1825 1905) the Birth of Venus (1879)

Alexandre Cabanel

Alexandre Cabanel was a France Painting.Cabanel was born in Montpellier, H?rault. He painted historical, classical and religious subjects in the academic style....
(1823-1889) painting 'Naissance de Venus' (The Birth of Venus)

The Birth of Venus (Cabanel)

The Birth of Venus is a painting by the French artist Alexandre Cabanel . It was painted in 1863, and is now in the Mus?e d'Orsay in Paris....
(shown on the left), was shown at the Paris Salon in 1863, and was bought by Napoleon III

Napoleon II of France

Napol?on Fran?ois Joseph Charles Bonaparte, Duke of Reichstadt was the son of Napoleon I of France and his second wife, Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma....
for his own personal collection. Robert Rosenblum

Robert Rosenblum

Robert Rosenblum was an American art historian and curator known for his influential and often irreverent scholarship on European and American art of the mid-eighteenth to twentieth century....
, comment on Cabanel's

Alexandre Cabanel

Alexandre Cabanel was a France Painting.Cabanel was born in Montpellier, H?rault. He painted historical, classical and religious subjects in the academic style....
painting

The Birth of Venus (Cabanel)

The Birth of Venus is a painting by the French artist Alexandre Cabanel . It was painted in 1863, and is now in the Mus?e d'Orsay in Paris....
is that "This Venus hovers somewhere between an ancient deity and a modern dream" ... "and the ambiguity of her eyes, that seem to closed but that a close look revelas that she is awake." ... "A nude who could be asleep or awake is specially formidable for a male viewer"

The 1879 painting of the same name

The Birth of Venus (Bouguereau)

The Birth of Venus is one of the most famous paintings by 19th century Painting William-Adolphe Bouguereau. It depicts not the actual birth of Venus from the sea, but the transportation of Venus in a shell from the sea to Paphos in Cyprus....
by William-Adolphe Bouguereau

William-Adolphe Bouguereau

William-Adolphe Bouguereau was a France Academic art. Bouguereau was a staunch traditionalist whose realistic genre paintings and mythological themes were modern interpretations of Classicism subjects with a heavy emphasis on the female human body....
(shown on the right), which reimagines Botticelli's composition, is another testament to the theme's continuing popularity among the academic painters

Academic art

Academic art is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academy or universities.Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Acad?mie des beaux-arts, which practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that followed these two mo...
of the late nineteenth century.

Such a highly conventionalized theme, with undertones of eroticism justified by its mythological context, was ripe for modernist

Modernism

Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century....
deconstruction; in 1870 Arthur Rimbaud

Arthur Rimbaud

Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud was a French people poet, born in Charleville-M?zi?res. As part of the decadent movement, his influence on modern literature, music and art has been enduring and pervasive....
evoked the image of a portly Clara Venus ("famous Venus") with all-too-human blemishes (déficits) in a sardonic poem that introduced cellulite

Cellulite

'Cellulite' describes a condition that occurs in men and women where the skin of the leg, abdomen, and pelvis becomes dimpled after puberty. The term was first used in the 1920s and began appearing in English language publications in the late 1960s, the earliest reference in Vogue magazine, "Like a swift migrating fish the word cellulite...
to high literature: La graisse sous la peau paraît en feuilles plates (the fat under the skin appears in slabs).

Pablo Picasso

Pablo Picasso

Pablo Diego Jos? Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Mar?a de los Remedios Cipriano de la Sant?sima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish people Painting, drawing, and Sculpture....
recast the image of Venus Anadyomene in the central figure of his seminal painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon is a large oil painting by Pablo Picasso , that depicts five nude prostitutes in a brothel on Avignon street in Barcelona....
(1907), a modernist deconstruction of the icon, and one of the incunabula of Cubism

Cubism

Cubism was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature....
.

External links

Picasso's Demoiselles d'Avignon.