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Ventral nerve cord

 

 
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The ventral nerve cords make up the nervous system
Nervous system

The nervous system is a Neural network of specialized cells that communicate information about an animal's surroundings and itself. It processes this information and causes reactions in other parts of the body....
 of some phyla
Phylum

A phylum "Phylum" is adopted from the Greek phylai, the clan-based voting groups in Greek city-states. is a taxonomic rank below Kingdom and above Class ....
 of the invertebrate
Invertebrate

An invertebrate is an animal lacking a vertebral column. The group includes 98% of all animal species ? all animals except those in the Chordate subphylum vertebrate ....
s particularly within the nematode
Nematode

The "roundworms" or "nematodes" are the most diverse phylum of body cavity, and one of the most diverse of all animals. Nematode species are very difficult to distinguish; over 80,000 have been described, of which over 15,000 are parasite....
s, annelid
Annelid

The annelids, collectively called Annelida , are a large Scientific classification of animals comprising the segmented worms, with about 15,000 modern species including the well-known earthworms and leeches....
s and the arthropod
Arthropod

Arthropods are animals belonging to the Scientific classification Arthropoda , and include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others....
s. It usually consists of cerebral ganglia
Ganglion

In anatomy, a ganglion is a biological tissue.Cells found in a ganglion are called ganglion cells, though this term is also sometimes used to refer specifically to Retinal ganglion cells....
 anteriorly with the nerve cords running down the ventral
Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location are employed in sciences dealing with the anatomy of animals to avoid ambiguities which might otherwise arise....
 ("belly", as opposed to back) plane of the organism. This characteristic is important in qualifying the difference compared to the chordate
Chordate

Chordates are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. They are united by having, at some time in their life cycle, a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail....
s which have a dorsal nerve cord
Dorsal nerve cord

The dorsal nerve cord is one of the embryonic features unique to chordates, along with a notochord, a post-anal tail and pharyngeal slits. The dorsal nerve cord is a hollow cord dorsal to the notochord....
.

Ventral nerve cords from anterior to posterior (the thoracic
Thorax

The thorax is a division of an animal's body that lies between the head and the abdomen.In mammals, the thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs....
 and abdominal
Abdomen

In vertebrates such as mammals the abdomen constitutes the part of the body between the thorax and pelvis. The region enclosed by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity....
 tagma
Tagma

A tagma may refer to:*a tagma , a subdivision of the Byzantine Empire army*a tagma , a grouping of segmentsTagma is also the Modern Greek term for an Order ....
 in the arthropods) are made up of segmented ganglia
Ganglion

In anatomy, a ganglion is a biological tissue.Cells found in a ganglion are called ganglion cells, though this term is also sometimes used to refer specifically to Retinal ganglion cells....
 that are connected by a tract of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the nerve cord called commissures.






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The ventral nerve cords make up the nervous system
Nervous system

The nervous system is a Neural network of specialized cells that communicate information about an animal's surroundings and itself. It processes this information and causes reactions in other parts of the body....
 of some phyla
Phylum

A phylum "Phylum" is adopted from the Greek phylai, the clan-based voting groups in Greek city-states. is a taxonomic rank below Kingdom and above Class ....
 of the invertebrate
Invertebrate

An invertebrate is an animal lacking a vertebral column. The group includes 98% of all animal species ? all animals except those in the Chordate subphylum vertebrate ....
s particularly within the nematode
Nematode

The "roundworms" or "nematodes" are the most diverse phylum of body cavity, and one of the most diverse of all animals. Nematode species are very difficult to distinguish; over 80,000 have been described, of which over 15,000 are parasite....
s, annelid
Annelid

The annelids, collectively called Annelida , are a large Scientific classification of animals comprising the segmented worms, with about 15,000 modern species including the well-known earthworms and leeches....
s and the arthropod
Arthropod

Arthropods are animals belonging to the Scientific classification Arthropoda , and include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others....
s. It usually consists of cerebral ganglia
Ganglion

In anatomy, a ganglion is a biological tissue.Cells found in a ganglion are called ganglion cells, though this term is also sometimes used to refer specifically to Retinal ganglion cells....
 anteriorly with the nerve cords running down the ventral
Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location are employed in sciences dealing with the anatomy of animals to avoid ambiguities which might otherwise arise....
 ("belly", as opposed to back) plane of the organism. This characteristic is important in qualifying the difference compared to the chordate
Chordate

Chordates are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. They are united by having, at some time in their life cycle, a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail....
s which have a dorsal nerve cord
Dorsal nerve cord

The dorsal nerve cord is one of the embryonic features unique to chordates, along with a notochord, a post-anal tail and pharyngeal slits. The dorsal nerve cord is a hollow cord dorsal to the notochord....
.

Ventral nerve cords from anterior to posterior (the thoracic
Thorax

The thorax is a division of an animal's body that lies between the head and the abdomen.In mammals, the thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs....
 and abdominal
Abdomen

In vertebrates such as mammals the abdomen constitutes the part of the body between the thorax and pelvis. The region enclosed by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity....
 tagma
Tagma

A tagma may refer to:*a tagma , a subdivision of the Byzantine Empire army*a tagma , a grouping of segmentsTagma is also the Modern Greek term for an Order ....
 in the arthropods) are made up of segmented ganglia
Ganglion

In anatomy, a ganglion is a biological tissue.Cells found in a ganglion are called ganglion cells, though this term is also sometimes used to refer specifically to Retinal ganglion cells....
 that are connected by a tract of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the nerve cord called commissures. The complete system bears some likeness to a rope ladder
Ladder

A ladder is a vertical or inclined set of rungs or Step . There are two types: rigid ladders that can be leaned against a vertical surface such as a wall, and rope ladders that are hung from the top....
. In some animals the bilateral ganglia are fused into a single large ganglion per segment. This characteristic is found mostly in the insect
Insect

Insects are the biggest class of arthropods and the only ones with wings. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet. They are most diverse at the equator and their diversity declines toward the poles....
s.

See also

  • Protocerebrum
  • Deutocerebrum
  • Tritocerebrum


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