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Vascular bundle

 
Vascular Bundle

 
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A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plant
Vascular plant

Vascular plants are those plants that have lignin tissue for conducting water, minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant. Vascular plants include the ferns, clubmosses, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms....
s. The transport itself happens in vascular tissue
Vascular tissue

Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue , formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem....
, which exists in two forms: xylem
Xylem

In vascular plants, xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue, phloem being the other. The word "xylem" is derived from classical Greek language ????? , "wood", and indeed the best known xylem tissue is wood, though it is found throughout the plant....
 and phloem
Phloem

In vascular plants, phloem is the living Biological tissue that carries organic nutrients , particularly sucrose, a sugar, to all parts of the plant where needed....
. Both these tissues are present in a vascular bundle, which in addition will include supporting and protective tissues.






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In a vascular bundle, there are two main tissues named xylem and phloem. So, what are the functions ...








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Celery Cross Section
A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plant
Vascular plant

Vascular plants are those plants that have lignin tissue for conducting water, minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant. Vascular plants include the ferns, clubmosses, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms....
s. The transport itself happens in vascular tissue
Vascular tissue

Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue , formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem....
, which exists in two forms: xylem
Xylem

In vascular plants, xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue, phloem being the other. The word "xylem" is derived from classical Greek language ????? , "wood", and indeed the best known xylem tissue is wood, though it is found throughout the plant....
 and phloem
Phloem

In vascular plants, phloem is the living Biological tissue that carries organic nutrients , particularly sucrose, a sugar, to all parts of the plant where needed....
. Both these tissues are present in a vascular bundle, which in addition will include supporting and protective tissues. Also, it is a vein in the leaf that contains conducting tissues.

The xylem typically lies adaxial with phloem positioned abaxial. In a stem or root this means that the xylem is closer to the centre of the stem or root while the phloem is closer to the exterior. In a leaf, the adaxial surface of the leaf will usually be the upper side, with the abaxial surface the lower side. This is why aphid
Aphid

Aphids, also known as plant lice , are small plant-eating insects, and members of the Taxonomic rank Aphidoidea. Aphids are among the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate regions....
s are typically found on the underside of a leaf rather than on the top, since the sugars manufactured by the plant are transported by the phloem, which is closer to the lower surface.

The position of vascular bundles relative to each other may vary considerably: see stele
Stele (biology)

In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or Plant stem containing the vascular tissue and occasionally a pith.The concept of the stele was developed in the late nineteenth century by France botanists Phillippe ?douard L?on van Tieghem and H....
.

Bundle-sheath cells

Bundle-sheath cells are contained in certain C4 plants. These plants use C4 carbon fixation
C4 carbon fixation

C4 carbon fixation is one of three biochemical mechanisms, along with C3 carbon fixation and CAM photosynthesis, functioning in land plants to "fix" carbon dioxide for sugar production through photosynthesis....
 to carry out photosynthesis
Photosynthesis

File:Seawifs global biosphere.jpgPhotosynthesis is a metabolic pathway that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight....
 when normal conditions for C3
C3 carbon fixation

carbon fixation is a metabolic pathway for carbon fixation in photosynthesis. This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate into 3-phosphoglycerate through the following reaction:...
 plants aren't present (e.g. normal water levels, CO2 levels, heat, light).

Bundle-sheath cells are photosynthetic cells arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf. They form a protective covering these leaf veins, and consist of one or more cell layers, usually parenchyma
Parenchyma

Parenchyma is a term used to describe a bulk of a substance. It is used in different ways in animals and in plants.The term is New Latin, from Greek language parenkhuma, visceral flesh, from parenkhein, to pour in beside : para-, beside + en-, in + khein, to pour....
. Between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface are the more loosely arranged mesophyll cells. The Calvin cycle
Calvin cycle

The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemistry reactions that take place in the Stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthesis organisms. It was discovered by Melvin Calvin, James Bassham and Andrew Benson at the University of California, Berkeley ....
 is confined to the chloroplasts of these bundle sheath cells.

External links

Vascular bundles pictured in cross section, by ; and