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The House of Valois (Valois meaning, literally, "of the valley" or "from the valley") was a cadet branch
Cadet branch

Cadet branch is a term in genealogy to describe the lineage of the descendants of the younger sons of a monarch or patriarch. In the ruling dynasty and nobility families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets – titles, realms, fiefs, property and income – have historically been passed from a father to his firstborn...
 of the Capetian dynasty
Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty is the largest European royal house. It includes any of the direct descendants of Hugh Capet of France. King Juan Carlos of Spain and Grand Duke Henri%2C_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg of Luxembourg are members of this family, both through the House of Bourbon of the dynasty....
, succeeding the House of Capet
House of Capet

For a full history of the Capetian family, see Capetian dynasty.The House of Capet, or The Direct Capetian Dynasty, , also called The House of France , or simply the Capets, which ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328, was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty - itself a derivative dynasty from the...
 (or 'Direct Capetians') as kings of France
List of French monarchs

The monarchs of France ruled, first as kings and later as emperors , from the Middle Ages to 1870. There is some disagreement as to when France came into existence....
 from 1328 to 1589. A cadet branch of the family reigned as dukes of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Sa?ne which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks....
 from 1361 to 1482.

They were descendants of Charles of Valois
Charles of Valois

Charles of Valois was the fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon. His mother was a daughter of James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary....
, the fourth son of King Philip III
Philip III of France

Philip III , called the Bold , was the List of French monarchs, succeeding his father, Louis IX of France, and reigning from 1270 to 1285....
 and based their claim to be ahead of Edward III of England
Edward III of England

Edward III was one of the most successful List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Englands of the Britain in the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II of England, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe....
 and Jeanne de Navarre
Joan II of Navarre

Joan II of Navarre was Queen of Kingdom of Navarre 1328–1349. She was the only daughter of King Louis X of France and his first wife, Margaret of Burgundy ....
 on a reintroduction of the Salic law
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
.

Capetian dynasty
Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty is the largest European royal house. It includes any of the direct descendants of Hugh Capet of France. King Juan Carlos of Spain and Grand Duke Henri%2C_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg of Luxembourg are members of this family, both through the House of Bourbon of the dynasty....
 seemed secure both during and after the reign of Philip IV
Philip IV of France

Philip IV , called the Fair , son and successor of Philip III of France, reigned as List of French monarchs from 1285 until his death. He was the husband of Joan I of Navarre, by virtue of which he was List of Navarrese royal consorts and Counts of Champagne from 1284 to 1305....
.






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The House of Valois (Valois meaning, literally, "of the valley" or "from the valley") was a cadet branch
Cadet branch

Cadet branch is a term in genealogy to describe the lineage of the descendants of the younger sons of a monarch or patriarch. In the ruling dynasty and nobility families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets – titles, realms, fiefs, property and income – have historically been passed from a father to his firstborn...
 of the Capetian dynasty
Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty is the largest European royal house. It includes any of the direct descendants of Hugh Capet of France. King Juan Carlos of Spain and Grand Duke Henri%2C_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg of Luxembourg are members of this family, both through the House of Bourbon of the dynasty....
, succeeding the House of Capet
House of Capet

For a full history of the Capetian family, see Capetian dynasty.The House of Capet, or The Direct Capetian Dynasty, , also called The House of France , or simply the Capets, which ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328, was the most senior line of the Capetian dynasty - itself a derivative dynasty from the...
 (or 'Direct Capetians') as kings of France
List of French monarchs

The monarchs of France ruled, first as kings and later as emperors , from the Middle Ages to 1870. There is some disagreement as to when France came into existence....
 from 1328 to 1589. A cadet branch of the family reigned as dukes of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Sa?ne which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks....
 from 1361 to 1482.

They were descendants of Charles of Valois
Charles of Valois

Charles of Valois was the fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon. His mother was a daughter of James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary....
, the fourth son of King Philip III
Philip III of France

Philip III , called the Bold , was the List of French monarchs, succeeding his father, Louis IX of France, and reigning from 1270 to 1285....
 and based their claim to be ahead of Edward III of England
Edward III of England

Edward III was one of the most successful List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Englands of the Britain in the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II of England, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe....
 and Jeanne de Navarre
Joan II of Navarre

Joan II of Navarre was Queen of Kingdom of Navarre 1328–1349. She was the only daughter of King Louis X of France and his first wife, Margaret of Burgundy ....
 on a reintroduction of the Salic law
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
.

Unexpected inheritance

Hundred Years War Family Tree
The Capetian dynasty
Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty is the largest European royal house. It includes any of the direct descendants of Hugh Capet of France. King Juan Carlos of Spain and Grand Duke Henri%2C_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg of Luxembourg are members of this family, both through the House of Bourbon of the dynasty....
 seemed secure both during and after the reign of Philip IV
Philip IV of France

Philip IV , called the Fair , son and successor of Philip III of France, reigned as List of French monarchs from 1285 until his death. He was the husband of Joan I of Navarre, by virtue of which he was List of Navarrese royal consorts and Counts of Champagne from 1284 to 1305....
. Philip had left three surviving sons (Louis
Louis X of France

Louis X , called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn , was the List of Navarrese monarchs from 1305 and list of French monarchs from 1314 until his death....
, Philip
Philip V of France

Philip V , called the Tall , was List of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs and Count of Champagne from 1316 to his death, and the second to last of the House of Capet....
 and Charles
Charles IV of France

Charles IV , was the List of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs and Count of Champagne from 1322 to his death: he was the last French king of the House of Capet....
) and a daughter (Isabella
Isabella of France

Isabella of France , known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of England and mother of Edward III. She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre....
). Each son became king
List of French monarchs

The monarchs of France ruled, first as kings and later as emperors , from the Middle Ages to 1870. There is some disagreement as to when France came into existence....
 in turn, but died young and without male heirs (all had daughters though). When Charles IV died in 1328, the French Succession was thrown wide open.

In 1328 there were 3 reasonable candidates to the throne;
  • Jeanne, daughter of Louis X who was then 16 years old. She would become Joan II of Navarre
    Joan II of Navarre

    Joan II of Navarre was Queen of Kingdom of Navarre 1328–1349. She was the only daughter of King Louis X of France and his first wife, Margaret of Burgundy ....
     in later years.
  • Isabella of France, daughter and only surviving child of Philip IV. She was the sister to the previous three Kings of France. She had been married to the late King Edward II of England and was the mother of the new King of England Edward III.
  • Philip, son of Charles of Valois
    Charles of Valois

    Charles of Valois was the fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon. His mother was a daughter of James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary....
    , who was the closest male heir and grandson of Philip III. Because his father was the brother of the late Philip IV, he was therefore a nephew of Philip IV and the cousin of Louis X, Philip V and Charles IV. Ironically he would be known as 'the fortunate' for his previous slim chance of becoming King.


Under Salic law
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
, which only recognised the male line, the throne would be passed through the male descendants of Charles of Valois
Charles of Valois

Charles of Valois was the fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon. His mother was a daughter of James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary....
. In England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
, King Edward III heard the news and made his own bid for the crown. His mother was Isabella, the sister of the three previous Kings of France, and as such his claim was very strong (were it not for Salic law). As expected, Edward’s protests fell on deaf ears. It was obvious that no Frenchman would accept an English king as his ruler.

Because diplomacy and negotiation had failed, Edward III would have to back his ideas with force if he was to claim the throne. These events were a key reason for the Hundred Years War between England and France.

List of Valois kings of France


Valois (direct)

  • Philippe VI
    Philip VI of France

    Philip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the List of French monarchs from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Counts and Dukes of Anjou, Counts and Dukes of Maine, and Count of Valois from 1325 to 1328....
    , the Fortunate 1328-1350, son of Charles of Valois
  • Jean II
    John II of France

    John II , called John the Good , was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy from 1332, Count of Poitiers from 1344, Duke of Aquitaine from 1345, and King of France from 1350 until his death, as well as Duke of Burgundy from 1361 to 1363....
    , the Good 1350-1364
  • Charles V
    Charles V of France

    Charles V , called the Wise, was List of French monarchs from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Br?tigny....
    , the Wise 1364-1380
  • Charles VI
    Charles VI of France

    Charles VI , called the Well-loved and the Mad , was the List of French monarchs from 1380 to 1399, as a member of the House of Valois....
    , the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad 1380-1422
  • Charles VII
    Charles VII of France

    File:Charles VII Franc a cheval 1422 1423.jpgCharles VII , called the Victorious or the Well-Served , was List of French monarchs from 1422 to his death, though he was initially opposed by Henry VI of England, whose Regent ruled much of France from Paris....
    , the Victorious or the Well-Served 1422-1461
  • Louis XI
    Louis XI of France

    Louis XI , called the Prudent and the Universal Spider or the Spider King, was the List of French monarchs from 1461 to 1483....
    , the Universal Spider 1461-1483
  • Charles VIII
    Charles VIII of France

    Charles VIII, called the Affable, , was List of French monarchs from 1483 to his death. Charles was a member of the House of Valois. His invasion of Italy initiated the long series of Italian Wars which characterized the first half of the 16th century....
    , the Affable 1483-1498


Valois-Orléans

  • Louis XII
    Louis XII of France

    Louis XII , called "the Father of the People" was the thirty-fifth List of French monarchs of France and the sole monarch from the House of Valois Cadet branch of the House of Valois....
    , the Father of His People 1498-1515, great-grandson of Charles V of France


Valois-Angoulême

  • François I -- 1515-1547, great-great-grandson of Charles V of France
  • Henri II -- 1547-1559
  • François II -- 1559-1560
  • Charles IX
    Charles IX of France

    Charles IX born Charles-Maximilien, was King of France, ruling from 1560 until his death. He is best known as king at the time of the St....
     -- 1560-1574
  • Henri III -- 1574-1589


The application of the Salic Law
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
 meant that with the extinction of the Valois line on the male side, the Bourbon Dynasty
House of Bourbon

The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Bourbon kings first ruled Kingdom of Navarre and France in the 16th century....
 followed as descendants of Louis IX
Louis IX of France

Louis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was List of French monarchs from 1226 to his death. He was also Counts of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was a member of the House of Capet and the son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile....
.

List of Valois kings of Poland

  • Henryk I -- 1573-1574


Other significant titles held by the House of Valois


Counts and Dukes of Anjou (House of Valois-Anjou)

  • Louis I, duke (1360–1383) (also king of Jerusalem and Naples as Louis I), second son of John II of France
  • Louis II (1377–1417), son of (also king of Naples as Louis II)
  • Louis III (1403–1434), son of (also king of Naples as Louis III)
  • René I
    René I of Naples

    Ren? of Anjou , also known as Ren? I of Naples and Good King Ren? , was Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence , Count of Piedmont, Duke of Bar , Duke of Lorraine , List of monarchs of Naples , titular King of Jerusalem and King of Aragon ....
     (1409–1480), brother of (also king of Jerusalem and Naples as René I)
  • Charles IV (1436–1481), nephew of


Dukes of Burgundy (House of Valois-Burgundy)

  • Philip II the Bold
    Philip the Bold

    Philip the Bold can refer to:* Philip the Bold, also known as Philip II Duke of Burgundy * Philip III of France ...
     (1363–1404), fourth son of John II of France
  • John II the Fearless (1404–1419)
  • Philip III the Good (1419–1467)
  • Charles I the Bold (1467–1477)
  • Mary I the Rich
    Mary of Burgundy

    Mary, called Mary the Rich , was suo jure Duke of Burgundy from 1477 – 1482. As the only child of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and his wife Isabella of Bourbon, she was the heiress to the vast Burgundian domains in France and the Low Countries upon her father's death in the Battle of Nancy on 5 January 1477....
     (1477–1482)


Dukes of Brabant (House of Valois-Burgundy-Brabant)

  • Anthony I
    Anthony, Duke of Brabant

    Antoine of Burgundy , was Duke of Brabant. Anthony was the son of Philip II, Duke of Burgundy and Margaret III of Flanders, and brother of John the Fearless....
     (1406–1415), second son of Philip the Bold of Burgundy
  • John IV
    John IV, Duke of Brabant

    John IV, Duke of Brabant was the son of Antoine, Duke of Brabant and Jeanne de St. Pol. He succeeded his father in 1415, after his death at the Battle of Agincourt....
     (1415–1427)
  • Philip I (1427–1430)


Counts of Nevers (House of Valois-Burgundy-Nevers)

  • Philip II
    Philip II, Count of Nevers

    Phillip II, Count of Nevers was the youngest son of Philip the Bold and Margaret III of Flanders.He succeeded his brothers John the Fearless and Antoine, Duke of Brabant as Count of Nevers and Count of Rethel respectively after each of them acceded to their duchies....
     (1404–1415), third son of Philip the Bold of Burgundy
  • Charles I
    Charles I, Count of Nevers

    Charles I, Count of Nevers , Count of Nevers and Rethel, was the son of Philip II, Count of Nevers and Bonne d'Artois.Towards the end of the life of Philip III, Duke of Burgundy, Charles fell under suspicion of practising witchcraft, in an effort to supplant Charles, Duke of Burgundy as the heir....
     (1415–1464)
  • John II
    John II, Count of Nevers

    John II, Count of Nevers He was the son of Philip II, Count of Nevers by his wife Bonna of Artois, daughter of Philip of Artois, Count of Eu. From 1442 to 1465 he was List of counts and dukes of %C3%89tampes....
     (1464–1491)


Counts and Dukes of Alençon
Counts and dukes of Alençon

Several counts and then royal dukes of Alen?on have figured in French history. The title has been awarded to a younger brother of the French sovereign....
 (House of Valois-Alençon)

  • Charles II
    Charles II of Alençon

    Charles II of Alen?on, called the Magnanimous was the second son of Charles of Valois and his first wife Margaret. He was Count of Alen?on, Count of Perche , Count of Chartres and Count of Joigny ....
    , count (1325-1346), second son of Charles of Valois
  • Charles III
    Charles III of Alençon

    Charles III of Alen?on was the eldest son of Charles II of Alen?on and Maria de la Cerda.He succeeded his father as Count of Alen?on in 1346, but resigned the county to his brother Peter II of Alen?on in 1361 to take up an ecclesiastical career....
    , count (1346-1361)
  • Peter II
    Peter II of Alençon

    Peter II of Alen?on, called the Noble , was the son of Charles II of Alen?on and Maria de la Cerda. He was Count of Alen?on 1361–1404 and Count of Perche 1377–1404....
    , count (1361–1391)
  • John I
    John I of Alençon

    John I of Alen?on, called the Sage , was the son of Peter II of Alen?on and Marie de Chamaillard. In 1404, he succeeded his father as Count of Alen?on and Count of Perche....
    , count (1391–1414)
  • John I
    John I of Alençon

    John I of Alen?on, called the Sage , was the son of Peter II of Alen?on and Marie de Chamaillard. In 1404, he succeeded his father as Count of Alen?on and Count of Perche....
    , duke (1414-1415)
  • John II
    John II of Alençon

    John II of Alen?on was the son of John I of Alen?on and Marie of Brittany. He succeeded his father as Duke of Alen?on and Count of Perche as a minor in 1415, after the latter's death at the Battle of Agincourt....
    , duke (1415-1424 and 1449–1474)
  • René I
    René of Alençon

    Ren? of Alen?on , was the son of John II of Alen?on and Marie of Armagnac.In 1478, he was restored as Duke of Alen?on and Count of Perche, titles which had been confiscated from his father after his conviction in 1474....
    , duke (1478-1492)
  • Charles IV
    Charles IV of Alençon

    Charles IV of Alen?on was the son of Ren? of Alen?on and the Beatification :fr:Marguerite de Lorraine-Vaud?mont.He succeeded his father in 1492 as Duke of Alen?on and Count of Perche, and was also Count of Armagnac, Count of F?zensac, Viscount of Rodez, Count of Fezensaguet, l'Isle-Jourdain, and Perdiac....
    , duke (1492–1525)


Illegitimate family branches

  • House of Valois-Dunois, counts of Longueville (see Jean de Dunois
    Jean de Dunois

    John of Orl?ans, Count of Dunois was the illegitimate son of Louis of Valois, Duke of Orl?ans by Mariette d'Enghien.The term "Bastard of Orl?ans" was the usual name for most of his career....
    )
  • House of Valois-Saint-Remy, counts of Saint-Rémy (see Jeanne of Valois-Saint-Rémy)


Forms of address

Forms of address for Valois kings included "Most Christian Majesty".

See also

  • Ancien Régime in France
    Ancien Régime in France

    The Ancien R?gime, a French language term rendered in English language as ?Old Rule,? ?Old Kingdom,? or simply ?Old Regime,? refers primarily to the aristocracy, sociology and politics system established in France from the 15th century to the 18th century under the Valois Dynasty and House of Bourbon dynasties....
  • Early Modern France
    Early Modern France

    Early Modern France is the early modern period of French history from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century . During this period France evolved from a feudalism regime to an increasingly centralized state organized around a powerful absolute monarchy that relied on the doctrine of the Divine Right of Kings and the explic...
  • Kings of France family tree
  • List of French monarchs
    List of French monarchs

    The monarchs of France ruled, first as kings and later as emperors , from the Middle Ages to 1870. There is some disagreement as to when France came into existence....
  • Valois Tapestries
    Valois Tapestries

    The Valois Tapestries are a series of eight tapestry depicting festivities or "magnificences" at the Court of France in the second half of the 16th century....


External links

  • - The Royal House Of Valois


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