Uyghur timeline
Encyclopedia
This timeline is a supplement of the main article Uyghur
. Dealing with the centuries between 400 and 900 AD, it refers to a critical period in the cultural formation of the Uyghur nation, as they transitioned from a minor Turkic
tribe
to an empire.
Uyghur people
The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...
. Dealing with the centuries between 400 and 900 AD, it refers to a critical period in the cultural formation of the Uyghur nation, as they transitioned from a minor Turkic
Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...
tribe
Tribe
A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally, consists of a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states.Many anthropologists use the term tribal society to refer to societies organized largely on the basis of kinship, especially corporate descent groups .Some theorists...
to an empire.
Events leading to the formation of the Uyghur Empire
| Date | People | Event | Geopolitical Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| 546 | Tumen Bumin Khan Bumin Qaghan or Illig Qaghan was the founder of the Turkic Khaganate... | Preemptively strikes a planned Töle Tiele Tiele may refer to:*Tiele people, an ancient people of Central Asia*Tiele, Mali, commune and town*Cornelis Petrus Tiele... revolt | Attempt of the vassal Turks to gain ascendancy over the vassal Gaoqu Tiele Tiele may refer to:*Tiele people, an ancient people of Central Asia*Tiele, Mali, commune and town*Cornelis Petrus Tiele... People |
| 560 | Muqan Muhan Khan Muqan Qaghan; was the second son of Bumin Qaghan and the third khagan of the Göktürks who expanded their khagan and secured the borders against the Hephthalites.This expansion also pushed against the... | Annexes Töle Tiele Tiele may refer to:*Tiele people, an ancient people of Central Asia*Tiele, Mali, commune and town*Cornelis Petrus Tiele... tribes under a federal system | Muqan demonstrates his qut by the submission of the Töle (i.e. the right of taxation over their livestock); resolves internal power struggle |
| 565 | Wu Chen-Di Emperor Wen of Chen Emperor Wen of Chen , personal name Chen Qian , courtesy name Zihua , was an emperor of the Chinese Chen Dynasty. He was the nephew of the founding emperor, Emperor Wu , and after Emperor Wu's death in 559, the officials supported him to be emperor since Emperor Wu's only surviving son, Chen... | Civil war divides the Wei Kingdom | Muqan demonstrates his qut by the submission of the Töle (i.e. the right of taxation over their livestock); resolves internal power struggle |
| 572 | Istämi Istämi Istämi was the ruler of the western part of the Göktürks, the Western Turkic Khaganate and dominated the Sogdians. He was the yabgu of his brother Bumin Qaghan in 553 AD... | Divides Muqan’s realm between his rival successors: Taspar-Qağan rules in the central region, Istämi-Yabgu in the far-west, Shetu in the east and Jotan in the west | Traditional power transfer from elder to younger brother, subsequently from youngest uncle to eldest nephew |
| 575 | Tardu Tardu Tardu was the second yabgu and the first khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate.- Names :The regnal name in Turkic was Tarduš , Medieval Greek: Ταρδου, 達頭可汗/达头可汗, Pinyin: dátóu kěhàn, Wade-Giles: ta-t'ou k'o-han, personal name: 阿史那玷厥, āshǐnà diànjué, a-shih-na tien-chüeh)... | Takes power in far-west region | His father dies in Taraz |
| 575 | You-Zhou Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou , personal name Yuwen Yong , nickname Miluotu , was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou. As was the case of the reigns of his brothers Emperor Xiaomin and Emperor Ming, the early part of his reign was dominated by his cousin Yuwen Hu, but in 572 he... | Qi dynasty collapses | Qi = Eastern Wei, Rouran allies; Zhou = Western Wei, Turk allies |
| 578 | Taspar Taspar Khan Taspar Qaghan or Tatpar Qaghan was the third son of Bumin Qaghan and Wei Changle , and the fourth khagan of the Turkic Khaganate . Unlike his father and older brothers he embraced Chinese culture, especially Buddhism... | Repeatedly raids the Zhou Kingdom | Under the influence of the Qi exiles |
| 578 | Wu-Di | Gives Taspar 100,000 bales of silk and the Princess Zhou Tsienkien | Marriage alliance prevents raids |
| 578 | Wu-Di | Kidnaps Prince Kaozhou as he is hunting | To eliminate rival to power |
| 578 | Taspar | Takes no action against the Zhou Kingdom’s violation of his power. Instead, he places 10,000 Turks as 'guests' in Zhou | He has a secret agreement to trade the Prince Kaozhou for Princess Tsienkien. The lack of honor to a guest outrages the common people. This period shows the beginning of class separation and the movement of Turkic nobility into the Chinese cultural sphere. |
| 580 | Shang Sun | Arrives with Zhou Tsienkien and befriends Shetu | To collect information about the Turks for Zhou |
| 581 | Wen-Di | At the death of Emperor Jing-Di, he seizes power as regent for the new Emperor who is still a child | His dynastic claim is based on his daughter, the Emperor's Mother |
| 581 | Taspar | ???Muqan | Maybe as part of an agreement between Muqan and Taspar |
| 581 | Shetu (Ishbara] | Swearing he will attack Talopien to uphold tradition, he is the voice of conservative factions | If tradition is followed, he will be the next Qağan |
| 581 | Änlo | Taspar dies and the toy appoints Änlo | To avoid conflict between the three conflicting claims of Tardu, Shetu and Talopien |
| 581 | Talopien | Threatens Änlo | He views himself as the legal Qağan because he has been given the title by the previous one |
| 581 | Änlo | Cedes title to Shetu at Ötükän and takes title of second Qağan | In exchange for protection, the empty title and to control the Tola Valley (Uyğur tribes) |
| 582 | Wen-Di | Deposes Zhou Emperor and expels the 10,000 Turks from Changan | To show his independence and to end the drain on the treasury |
| 582 | Shetu | Forms a coalition force with Tardu, Jotan and Talopien | To reinforce his position as Qağan and to avenge his wife’s family |
| 582 | Wen-Di | Sends ambassador Yuan Huei to recognize him as Qağan by presenting him with the symbolic wolf flag at Hami | Tardu is upset that he was not made Qağan by the toy, so Wen-Di gives him diplomatic recognition which legitimizes his claim. He thereby acquires qut |
| 582 | Tardu Tardu Tardu was the second yabgu and the first khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate.- Names :The regnal name in Turkic was Tarduš , Medieval Greek: Ταρδου, 達頭可汗/达头可汗, Pinyin: dátóu kěhàn, Wade-Giles: ta-t'ou k'o-han, personal name: 阿史那玷厥, āshǐnà diànjué, a-shih-na tien-chüeh)... | Declares the far-west region as sovereign and separate with himself as Qağan | The far-west region has de-facto independence since the Istämi-Muqan era |
| 583 | Shetu | Blames Talopien for the failures of the campaign | Rivalry and the influence of Shang Sun |
| 583 | Talopien | Joins Jotan and Boru in the west region. | They are all opposed to Shetu's paranoia, assassination and tyranny west |
| 583 | Shetu | Kills Talopien's family and burns his yurt in revenge | Altay mountains |
| 583 | Tardu and Wen-Di | Attack simultaneously with Khitan (Shetu’s own vassals in the east) | To block Shetu’s power. The attack by his nominal vassals and allies erodes the credibility of Shetu, meaning he has lost qut |
| 583 | Shetu | As he only controls the central region, it is hit by famine; he asks for Sui Imperial protection | This act officially marks the end of his sovereignty, he is now a Chinese vassal |
| 584 | Talopien | Takes control of east, central and west regions | Talopien proves himself as the true Qağan by his qut |
| 585 | Wen-Di | Renames Zhou Tsienkien as Sui Dai | To make Shetu his vassal (son-in-law) because he now fears the growing power of Tardu and Talopien |
| 585 | Shetu | Sends his son Kohoden as a hostage to Changan | To seal the peace agreement |
| 585 | Talopien | Defeats Tardu and takes over far-west region, now controlling all four regions | Tardu no longer enjoys Sui Imperial support and is a rival to power that has to be eliminated as a threat |
| 585 | Tardu | Flee to Sui protection | Tardu no longer enjoys Sui Imperial support and is a rival to power that has to be eliminated as a threat |
| 585 | Tiele Tiele Tiele may refer to:*Tiele people, an ancient people of Central Asia*Tiele, Mali, commune and town*Cornelis Petrus Tiele... tribes | Submit to Talopien | He is strong enough to threaten them, therefore he has consolidated power/qut. |
| 587 | Shetu | Dies while hunting | Possible accident or an assassination |
| 588 | Chulo | Captures Talopien | Family vendetta, his older brother Shetu had been humiliated by this man. The Sui Empire supports this move to balance the growing power of Talopien |
| 588 | Nili | Replaces Talopien as Qağan; Töle tribes revolt | Try to regain lost independence in the chaos of the dynastic struggle |
| 588 | Chulo | Dies fighting the Töle | To reassert control over the tribes that had been vassal to Talopien |
| 588 | Tülan | Takes power and returns to Mongolian Steppe | All the rivals to power in the successional struggle have been neutralized, so power reverts to the House of Shetu |
| 589 | Wen-Di Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Wen of Sui — personal name Yang Jian , Xianbei name Puliuru Jian , nickname Naluoyan — was the founder and first emperor of China's Sui Dynasty . He was a hard-working administrator and a micromanager. As a Buddhist, he encouraged the spread of Buddhism through the state... | Conquers Chen Kingdom, thus reunifying China | ??? |
| 590 | Tardu | Attacks Nili to regain the far-west region | He is supported by Tülan who wants to see his last rival Nili eliminated. In effect, he recognizes the sovereignty of the far-west region |
| 593 | Tülan | Stops paying taxes | ??? |
| 593 | Sui Dai | Plots with Nili to attack Sui Empire | Revenge against Sui Dynasty for overthrowing her family, the Zhou Dynasty |
| 593 | Shang Sun | Requests Tülan to kill Sui Dai, but he refuses | To demonstrate he no longer is a vassal to the Sui |
| 593 | Shang Sun | Offers Princess Anyi to Zhangar Khan if he will kill Sui Dai | To create a rival to Tülan’s power and thus restore a balance of power by creating another civil war |
| 593 | Tülan | Suspects Zhangar of treason | Zhangar has received so many gifts and visits from Chinese, this is tantamount to diplomatic recognition |
| 594 | Tülan | Makes peace with Tardu | Tardu has eliminated his rival; this act formally recognizes the independence of the far-west region from the Khanate |
| 594 | Shang sun | Bribes an official of the toy and exposes Sui Dai plotting with Chinese (Chen government in exile) and Sogdians (with one of whom she is having an affair) | To make the Tülan lose face in front of the toy to weaken his power, also to provide a pretext for killing the troublesome Sui Dai |
| 594 | Tülan | Executes Sui Dai | Under Turkic custom, adultery is punished by the death penalty |
| 597 | Zhangar | Marries Sui Anyi and rebels against Tülan | By marrying the Princess, he has a claim to sovereignty |
| 597 | Tülan | Kills Zhangar’s family and drives him to the Ordos Loop under Sui Imperial protection | Asserts his authority |
| 598 | Tardu | Defeats Nili, Chulo takes his place | Asserts his authority |
| 599 | Tülan | Killed in Töle revolt | Töle tribes take advantage of the chaos to gain independence |
| 600 | Tardu | Defeats Chulo and declares himself supreme Qağan | A vacuum of power has been created by the loss of Zhangar, Chulo and Tülan |
| 600 | Chulo | Takes Sui Imperial protection | The Sui Empire needs him to balance the power of Tardu |
| 600 | Erkin Tegin | Initiates diplomatic contacts with China | This is the first official account of the Uyghur tribe, which at this time lived in the Tola valley with 10,000 yurts |
| 601 | Chang Sunsheng | Creates an alliance with the Töle Beys including Erkin Tegin of the Uyghur tribe | This is the first official account of the Uyghur tribe, which at this time lived in the Tola valley with 10,000 yurts |
| 601 | Tardu | Attacks Changan | As a warning to the Sui Empire not to interfere in the Turk’s internal power struggles |
| 601 | Shang sun | Poisons all the wells in the Gobi Desert | Tardu’s army is superior and cannot be defeated by conventional warfare |
| 603 | Erkin Tegin | Töle tribes revolt against Tardu | The Chinese are afraid of Tardu and must eliminate his base of power |
| 603 | Tardu | Abdicates to Tibet | ??? |
| 603 | Erkin Tegin | Töle alliance dissolves in the aftermath of the revolt; three tribes come under Uyghur control (Bugut, Tongra and Bayirqu) | The Uyghurs gained enough qut to pull in other tribes to the alliance |
| 603 | Zhangar | Marries Sui Yicheng and assumes the title Qağan, but as a vassal to china | Zhangar is the last of the vassal khans to China. He is particularly devoted and loyal |
| 603 | Chulo | Assumes title Qağan in the far-west region, but as a vassal to China; rules from Tashkent and Kucha | Since Tardu has been eliminated, power reverts to the House of Muqan |
| 605 | Sui Yang-Di | Ascends the Dragon Throne | ??? |
| 609 | Shipi Shibi Khan Shibi Khagan , 611 - 619 AD, succeeded Qimin Khan as the ninth khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate... | Takes power after Zhangar | ??? |
| 609 | Chang Sunsheng | Replaced by Peichu | ??? |
| 609 | Peichu | Offers to support Shipi’s brother Qağan and a Chinese Princess, but he refuses | The traditional tactic of dividing power counter Shipi’s growing strength |
| 611 | Chulo | Attempts to extend his authority over the Töle | By taxing their livestock |
| 611 | Töle | Töle tribes revolt under Syr-Tardush drives out Chulo | Uyghurs occupy second position in the alliance |
| 611 | Shekuei | Takes power and restores House of Tardu | ??? |
| 615 | Shipi | Subjugates the Töle | ??? |
| 615 | Shipi | Stops paying taxes to the Sui Empire | Asserts sovereignty |
| 615 | Peichu | Lures Sogdian vizers to the city of Mai and kills them in a trap | To keep them from exposing the Chinese plots to the Qağan |
| 615 | Shipi | Attacks Sui Yang-Di | Revenge for his treachery at Mai |
| 615 | Sui Yiching | Lies to her husband that the Töle tribes are in revolt | So he will leave, saving Sui Yang-Di from capture |
| 615 | Yang-Di | Sui Empire begins civil war | The humiliation of his defeat damages his prestige |
| 616 | Tang Taizong | Captures Changan with support of Turks; he gains 20,000 horses and 5,000 cavalry in return for giving the rights to plunder all the gold and women in Changan | ??? |
| 618 | Tang Taizong | Places his father as Emperor of the Tang Dynasty | ??? |
| 626 | Tang Taizong | Kills his brothers and becomes Emperor | The Wu-men Gate incident |
| 627 | Khile Qagan | Tries to tax the Töle to replace his horses that were killed during a summer snow | ??? |
| 627 | Aynan Khan | Initiates a Syr-Tardush lead revolt of Töle tribes against Khile-Qağan | The Uyghurs again occupy second position under Pusa Ilteber |
| 627 | Aynan Khan | Declares a Khanate at Otuken | ??? |
| 630 | Taizong | Attacks in coordination with Khitan and Töle, utterly defeating the Turks and taking Khile-Qaghan prisoner | Tang-Töle alliance replaces Sui-Töle against the Turks |
| 632 | Tang Taizong | Annexes all Tokharian city states as vassals | Indirect Chinese rule of Tarim city states |
| 640 | Tang Taizong | Kucha (Kutsi) rebels in alliance with Onoq | ??? |
| 640 | Songtsen Gampo | Unifies Tibet with Buddhism as the state religion | ??? |
| 645 | Jubi Qağan | Unifies Onoq | ??? |
| 646 | Pusa (菩萨), son of Tejian (特健) | Allies with Syr-Tardush to defeat Eastern Qaġanate | He is granted with a Chinese title of prefect creating a legal precedent for leadership |
| 646 | Tumitu Ilteber (吐迷度) | Assassinates Pusa and defeats the Syr-Tardush; declares a state at Otuken | First Uyghur state; this becomes the precedent for all later claims for the right to rule. Moreover, he is a Chinese vassal paying a tax of furs |
| 648 | Tang Taizong | Replaces all vassal Tokharian kings with Chinese officials under the governor-general in Kaochang; the Tarim Basin is now the western protectorate | The Chinese are now directly rule the Tarim city states |
| 648 | Tumitu Ilteber | Assassinated by nephew Wuhe, who is in turn assassinated by Chinese spies | Wuhe is a Gokturk sympathizer and therefore an enemy of Chinese interests |
| 648 | Pojuan Ilteber (婆闰) | Installed as new Khan; he becomes a loyal vassal of China | Uyghurs now carry Chinese titles and work as mercenaries in the 'pacifed west' |
| 650 | ??? | China captures Kashgar and Khotan | ??? |
| 650 | Tang Taizong | Dies, his son Kaozong creating a scandal by marrying Taizong's former concubine Zhou Wu-Mei | By custom, Wu-Mei should have retired to a convent after her husband's death. This unusual marriage indicates she had an extramarital affair with Kaozong prior to Taizong's death |
| 651 | Holu Khan | Unifies the Onoq and threatens China | ??? |
| 651 | Pojuan Ilteber | Defeats Korean rebellion | The Uyghurs view the Chinese as both allies and kingmakers |
| 651 | ??? | Arabs advance to Herat | ??? |
| 652 | ??? | Arabs sack Balkh, then return to Khorosan | ??? |
| 657 | Pojuan Khan | Leads Uyğur army and defeats Holu in the name of the Tang Empire | Onoq power is broken, the Uyghurs ally with China to defeat the last remnants of their ancestral enemy, the Turks Chu valley |
| 657 | Pojuan Khan | Killed during the battle of Goguryeo (高句丽) | The Chinese break off dipolmatic ties with Uyghur |
| 659 | Kaozong | Creates 10 tribal states in Onoq territory of which each one is governed by a vassal khan | The far-western region of the Turks is now subdued by China |
| 659 | Xuanzong | China annexes Suyab and Tashkent, marking the maximum extent of Chinese power | ??? |
| 660 | Gaozong | Suffers stroke and delegates power to his wife Wu Zetian | ??? |
| 661 | ??? | Onoq and Tibet drive the Tang out of Tarim | ??? |
| 660 | Tiele | Revolt against China | Tribute has not been paid |
| 661 | Pilatu | Succeeds her brother as Ilteber | ??? |
| 621 | Wu Zetian | Suppresses revolt at Khangai | ??? |
| 663 | Pilatu | Uyghur power declines | ??? |
| 663 | ??? | Arabs invade Bactria | ??? |
| 663 | ??? | Tibet takes Vakhan, Gilit and Kashgar | ??? |
| 665 | ??? | Onoq enters revolt | ??? |
| 670 | ??? | Tibet seizes four garrisons with the Chinese army retreating to Turpan | The Chinese divert their trade route north from Turpan to Beshbaliq, Suyab and Tashkent |
| 679 | ??? | Tibet controls four garrisons | ??? |
| 680 | Kutlug | Declares Orkhon Khanate | End of Tang Imperial control of Mongolian Steppe |
| 681 | Pro-China Tiele | Escapes to Liangzhou | They have lost qut and must flee to the steppe |
| 682 | Kutlug | Reunites the 16 tribes | Rise of Turk power |
| 682 | Tuchiachi | Is defeated by Kutluk; the Uyghurs move to the Selenga valley | The Uyghur lose sovereignty but not autonomy |
| 683 | Wu Zetian | Takes the Dragon Throne | This is a coup d'état |
| 688 | Kutlug | Defeats Uyğurs | ??? |
| 690 | Wu Zetian | Seizes absolute power by appealing to Buddhist millennialism | ??? |
| 691 | Kutlug | Defeats Toquz-Oghuz | ??? |
| 692 | Wu Zetian | Recovers Karashahr and Kucha | ??? |
| 692 | Kapğan | Succeeds his brother as the new Qağan | Traditional succession from older to younger brother |
| 692 | ??? | Tang Imperial army retakes the four garrisons | ??? |
| 693 | Kapğan | Defeats Tang Imperial army | ??? |
| 694 | Wu Zetian | Recovers Khotan and Kashgar | ??? |
| 698 | Kapğan | Defeats Türğish at the battle of Bolchu near Lake Urungu | This rendered the western steppe region vassal to the Orkhon Khanate |
| 700 | Bilgä shad | Attacks Tangut Kingdom | ??? |
| 701 | Tonyukuk-Ayguchy | Captures Sogdiana | This was a vassal of the Onoq to achieve total victory over his enemies |
| 702 | Kapğan | Attacks Xia Kingdom | ??? |
| 703 | ??? | Turko-Tibetan alliance is formed, but fails to defeat Tang army | ??? |
| 703 | ??? | Onoq retakes Suyab | ??? |
| 705 | Wu Zetian | Abdicates to Zhongzong | ??? |
| 705 | ??? | Tibetan-Gandharan alliance is formed and drives the Arabs from Bactria | ??? |
| 705 | Qutayba Qutaibah bin Muslim Qutayba ibn Muslim was an Arab commander of the Umayyad Caliphate army in the East, and made his greatest gains during the reign of Caliph Al-Walid I. Qutayba belonged to the Bahila tribe. He was appointed as Governor of Khurasan at the request of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, Governor of Iraq... | Appointed govoner of Khorosan | ??? |
| 706 | Qutayba | Captures Bukhara | ??? |
| 707 | Bukharan leader | Asks Khapgan for military support against the Arabs | ??? |
| 708 | Xuanzong | Offers reward to three vassal tribes for the head of Kapğan | ??? |
| 710 | Zhongzong | Poisoned by his wife Empress Wei who has an affair with Wu Sansi | ??? |
| 710 | Xuanzong | Takes power with his aunt Princess Taiping (daughter of Empress Wu) | ??? |
| 710 | Krygyz tribes | Revolt and are defeated | ??? |
| 710 | Qutayba | Places Tugshada on the throne of Bukhara and Ghurek on the throne of Samarkand | ??? |
| 711 | Turgish Khan | Revolt begins | ??? |
| 711 | Qarluk | Revolt and are defeated in 714 | ??? |
| 712 | Xuanzong | Begins reign and kills Princess Taiping | ??? |
| 712 | Qutayba | Invades Bactria | ??? |
| 712 | Samarkand leader | Asks Khapgan for military support against the Arabs | ??? |
| 712 | ??? | Turks control Sogd | ??? |
| 712 | King of Fargana | Flees to Kucha under Chinese protection | ??? |
| 714 | Izgil Esegel Esegels were a, possibly,Turkic dynastic tribe that in the Middle Ages joined the Itil Bulgaria state and were assimilated to Bulgars; or was possibly a Bulgar tribe all along, as mentioned by Ibn Fadlan... tribe | Revolt and are defeated in 715 | ??? |
| 715 | Toquz-Oguz tribe | Revolt and are defeated in 716 (this revolt includes the Uyghur tribe) | ??? |
| 715 | Qutayba | Assassinated by his troops in the Fargana valley | Because he wishs to continue the campaign against the orders of the Caliph |
| 715 | King of Faragana | Returns as a Chinese vassal | ??? |
| 715 | King of Faragana | Returns as a Chinese vassal | ??? |
| 716 | Bayirqu tribe | Revolt and are defeated, but a rouge warrior ambushes Kapğan and kills him and sends his head to Changan with envoy Ho Lingchüan (July 22, Tola river) | ??? |
| 716 | Uyğur tribe | Revolt with Qarluk and Toquz-oguz | Although defeated they become autonomus vassals in the Selenga valley |
| 716 | Bilgä | Kills Inel, Kapğan’s whole family and all his officials | Inel is not fit to rule, moreover, by Turk law the throne should pass to Bilgä |
| 718 | Bilgä Bilge Khan Bilge Qaghan was khagan of the Second Eastern Turkic Khaganate... | Restores peace and ends all revolts | ??? |
| 720 | Xuanzong | Tries to attack Bilgä in coordination with Basmyl Basmyl The Basmyls were a 7–8th century Türkic nomadic tribe who mostly inhabited the Dzungaria region in the northwest of the modern day People's Republic of China. According to literary sources, the terms Basmyls and Basmals are readily interchangeable... and Khitans, but fails, therefore accepting the terms of Bilgä’s peace | ??? |
| 721 | Xuanzong | China controls Suyab, Kucha, Kashgar, Tashkent and Fargana | ??? |
| 721 | Xuanzong | Arabo-Turgish-Tibetan alliance defeats Chinese army; the Arabs take Faragana and the Turgish take Suyab | ??? |
| 721 | ??? | Tashkent becomes independent | ??? |
| 721 | ??? | Sogdo-Turgish alliance attacks Arabs | ??? |
| 725 | Tonyukuk Tonyukuk Tonyukuk Tonyukuk Tonyukuk (Old Turkic: , Bilge Tuňuquq, died c. 724 AD, (暾欲穀/暾欲谷, Pinyin: tūnyùgǔ, personal name: Ashide Yuanzhen 阿史德元珍, āshǐdé yuánzhēn, a-shih-te yüan-chen) was the yabgu and commander-in-chief of four Göktürk khagans, the best known of whom is Bilge Khan. He played a major role... | Dies | ??? |
| 727 | Bilgä | Refuses an anti-Tang alliance with the Tibetans | ??? |
| 728 | ??? | Sogdo-Turgish alliance liberates Sogd | ??? |
| 729 | ??? | Arabs control Bactria and Samarkand | Turgish control of Sogd, Fargana and Suyab; China control of North Tarim and Tibet control South Tarim |
| 731 | Köl Tegin Kul Tigin Kul Tigin Kul Tigin Kul Tigin (Old Turkic:, Kultegin, (闕特勒/阙特勤, Pinyin: quètèqín, Wade-Giles: chüeh-t'e-ch'in, ? - 575 AD) was a general of the Second Turkic Kaganate. He was a second son of Ilterish Shad and the younger brother of Bilge Kagan.... | Dies | ??? |
| 734 | Bilgä | Poisoned by Buyruk Chor as part of a Chinese conspiracy | ??? |
| 736 | ??? | Sino-Arabian alliance is formed and defeats the Turgish at Suyab | China annexes Suyab, while Arabs occupy Sogd |
| 739 | ??? | Tibet allies with Gandhara | China annexes Suyab, while Arabs occupy Sogd |
| 739 | Ghurek | Reign ends | ??? |
| 742 | Xuanzong Xuanzong Xuanzong can be the name of the following Chinese emperors:* Emperor Xuánzong of Tang * Emperor Xuānzong of Tang... | Begins affair with Yang Gueifei and leaves power in the hands of An Rokhan | ??? |
| 744 | Ozmish Khan | Killed by Uyghur, Basmyl, Qarluk rebellion | ??? |
| 745 | ??? | Qarluk and Uyghur overthrow Basmyl Khan | ??? |
| 745 | ??? | Uyghur defeat Qarluk and declare a new Khanate at Otuken; the Qarluk move to the far-west region | ??? |
| 745 | Abu Muslim | Begins a Jihad in Sogd | ??? |
| 747 | Bayan Chor | Begins reign | ??? |
| 748 | ??? | Abbasid Caliphate begins | ??? |
| 750 | Chabish of Tashkent and Ilkhshid of Fargana | Begin a dispute; Chinese ally Ilkhshid and Turkish ally the Chabish send for help | ??? |
| 750 | General Kao Hsienchih | Sacks Tashkent after it surrenders, taking the Chabish and the Khan to be executed in Changan | ??? |
| 750 | Son of Chabish | Petitions governor Ziyad ibn Salih in Samarkand for revenge | ??? |
| 751 | Abu Muslim | Sends army at the request of Governor Salih, meeting the Kao Hsienchih at Talas | ??? |
| 755 | Abu Muslim | Assassinated | ??? |
| 755 | An Rokhan | Rebels against Xuanzong | ??? |
| 755 | An Rokhan | Captures Changan | ??? |
| 756 | Xuanzong | Abdicates and Yang Guifei is killed | ??? |
| 759 | Bogu Khan | Begins reign | ??? |
| 763 | Bogu Khan | Ends Ungluk Suyluk Topilingi (An Lushan An Lushan An Lushan was a general who rebelled against the Tang Dynasty in China.His name was also transcribed into Chinese as Āluòshān or Gáluòshān ,... ) rebellion | ??? |