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Urmia
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Urmia or Orumieh (; , ; Urumiya, local slang (?????, Urmu) ; , ; during the majority of the Pahlavi Dynasty (1925–1979) called , ), is the capital of the West Azerbaijan Province, a district and a city located in northwestern Iran. It is situated on the western side of Lake Urmia near the Turkish border. Its population in 2006 census is estimated at 577,307.
name Urmia is thought to have come from Sumerian tongue, the earliest known civilization in the world located in southern Mesopotamia.
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Encyclopedia
Urmia or Orumieh (; , ; Urumiya, local slang (?????, Urmu) ; , ; during the majority of the Pahlavi Dynasty (1925–1979) called , ), is the capital of the West Azerbaijan Province, a district and a city located in northwestern Iran. It is situated on the western side of Lake Urmia near the Turkish border. Its population in 2006 census is estimated at 577,307.
Etymology
The name Urmia is thought to have come from Sumerian tongue, the earliest known civilization in the world located in southern Mesopotamia. Ur was a principle Sumerian city. Some believe the name is derived from Syriac. Ur, meaning "cradle," and mia, meaning "water." Hence, Urmia, situated by a lake and surrounded by rivers, would be the cradle of water. Some have claimed connections to other languages. There is, however, no generally accepted etymology.
Administrative divisions
Urmia consists of five regions:
- Markazi (Central): Baranduzchay, Baranduzchay Shomali, Baranduzchay Jonubi, Bashqale, Bakshluchay , Torkman, Dol, Rozechay, Nazluchay Jonubi, with Urmia as the center.
- Anzal: Anzal Jonoubi, Anzal Shomali, with Qushchi as the center.
- Silvaneh: Tergawar, Margawar, Dasht, with Silvane as the center.
- Somay Brados: Somay Jonubi, Somay Shomali, Bradost, with Sero as the center.
- Nazlu: Talatape, Nazluchay, Nazluchay shomali, with Nushin as the center.
Urmia University has a large accredited college of agriculture. Urmia is situated in a fertile region where fruit (apples and grapes) and tobacco are grown. Many families have apple plantations of various sizes.
Demographics
Azerbaijanis and Kurds are the two main ethnic groups in the city (over 95%) followed by Assyrian and Armenian minorities.
The city has been home to various ethnic groups during its long history. For this reason, the demographics of the city have undergone numerous changes. Some historical documents show that at the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had a significant Christian minority (Assyrians and Armenians). According to Macuch, and Ishaya, the city was the spiritual capital of the Assyrians from 1830 to the end of World War I by the influence of four Christian missions. Some of the Assyrians and Armenians left the region in 1914 after battles between the Russian and Ottoman armies which led to a shift in the city's demographics. During the era of Reza Shah Pahlavi, Iranian Assyrians were invited to return to the region and several thousand did return.
History
Urmia, according to some historians, is believed to be the birthplace of the prophet Zarathustra, the founder of Zoroastrianism.
The Columbia Encyclopedia mentions that Urmia was an important town in the region during the 9th century.
In 950's the ruler of Urmia was Jastan bin Sharmazan, a devoted general of Daisam al-Kurdi, and the area was scene of power shift between Kurds and Dailamis. In 1040's, ruler of Urmia, Abu Hidja bin Rabib al-Dawla, chief of Hadhabani Kurds, defeated Ghuz tribes who tried to invade Urmia and killed thousands of Ghuz invaders. Eventually the city was reportedly sacked and destroyed by the Seljuk Turks in 1184.
The Battle of Dimdim in 1609-1610 between Bradostis and Safavids took place around Urmia.
In the eighteeth century the Afshar Turks immgirated to the district of Urmia.
The Ottoman Turks made several incursions into the city, but the Safavids were soon able to regain control over the area. The first monarch of Iran's Qajar dynasty, Agha Muhammad Khan, was crowned in Urmia in 1795.
Due to Urmia's relatively large Christian population growth by the end of the 19th century, Urmia also became the seat of the first American Christian mission in Iran in 1835. Another mission soon became operational in nearby Tabriz as well.
The Catholic Encyclopedia mentions Urmia as the seat of a Chaldean diocese.
Colleges and universities
Urmia University was built by an American Presbyterian missionary in 1878. A medical faculty was also established there headed by Joseph Cochran and a team of American medical associates. Joseph Cochran and his colleagues were buried in an old cemetery in the vicinity of Urmia. Urmia University website says this about them:
- There they lie in peace away from their homeland, and the testimonial epitaphs on their tombs signify their endeavor and devotion to humanity.
The city today has the following major institutes of higher education:
Museums
- Baghcheh-Juq Palace - A monument dating back to the Qajar era that is open to the public.
- Khoy Museum - A public museum displaying archaeological & ethnological monuments.
- Miandoab Museum - An archaeological Museum.
- Natural History Museum - Displays the animals native to the vicinity of Urmia.
- Urmia Museum - Archaeological museum affiliated with the faculty of Shahid Beheshti University.
See also
External links
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