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Uri Zvi Greenberg

 
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Uri Zvi Grinberg (also Uri Zvi Greenberg) (22 September 1896 – 8 May 1981) was an acclaimed Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i poet and journalist.

Zvi Grinberg was born into a prominent Hasidic
Hasidic Judaism

Hasidic Judaism is a type of Orthodox Judaism or Haredi Judaism Orthodox Judaism religious movement. Some refer to Hasidic Judaism as Hasidism, and the adjective chasidic / hasidic applies....
 family and raised in Lemberg (Lviv), then Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
 (today Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
). Some of his poems in Yiddish
Yiddish language

Yiddish is a non-territorial High German languages of Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. Unlike other such languages, Yiddish is written with the Hebrew alphabet as opposed to a Latin alphabet....
 and Hebrew
Hebrew language

Hebrew is a Semitic languages of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Modern Hebrew is spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Classical Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jews communities around the world....
 were published before he was 20. In 1915 he was drafted into the army to fight in the First World War.






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Uri Zvi Grinberg (also Uri Zvi Greenberg) (22 September 1896 – 8 May 1981) was an acclaimed Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i poet and journalist.

Biography

Uri Zvi Grinberg was born into a prominent Hasidic
Hasidic Judaism

Hasidic Judaism is a type of Orthodox Judaism or Haredi Judaism Orthodox Judaism religious movement. Some refer to Hasidic Judaism as Hasidism, and the adjective chasidic / hasidic applies....
 family and raised in Lemberg (Lviv), then Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
 (today Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
). Some of his poems in Yiddish
Yiddish language

Yiddish is a non-territorial High German languages of Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. Unlike other such languages, Yiddish is written with the Hebrew alphabet as opposed to a Latin alphabet....
 and Hebrew
Hebrew language

Hebrew is a Semitic languages of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Modern Hebrew is spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Classical Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jews communities around the world....
 were published before he was 20. In 1915 he was drafted into the army to fight in the First World War. After returning to Lemberg, he was witness to the pogrom
Pogrom

A pogrom is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by the killing and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers....
s of November 1918. He later moved to Warsaw
Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
 and Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
. In Warsaw, he wrote for the Yiddish newspaper Moment. He immigrated
Aliyah

Aliyah refers to Jewish immigration to Greater Israel. The opposite action, Jewish emigration from Israel, is referred to as Yerida ....
 to Mandate Palestine in 1924. Grinberg was in Poland when the Second World War erupted in 1939, but managed to escape.

In 1950, Grinberg married Aliza, with whom he had two daughters and three sons. He added "Tur-Malka" to the family name, but continued to use "Grinberg" to honor family members who perished in the Holocaust.

Literary career

After arriving in Palestine, Grinberg wrote for Davar
Davar

Davar was a Hebrew language daily newspaper published in the British Mandate of Palestine and Israel from 1925 until May 1996. It was established by Berl Katznelson, who was its editor until his death in 1944....
, one of the main newspapers of the Labour Zionist
Labor Zionism

Labor Zionism can be described as the major stream of the left wing of the Zionism movement. If it was not for many years the major stream in the Zionist movement, it was a significant tendency among Zionists and Zionist organizational structures....
 movement.

Political activism

In 1930, Grinberg joined the Revisionist camp
Revisionist Zionism

Revisionist Zionism is a Nationalism faction within the Zionism movement. The ideology was developed originally by Ze'ev Jabotinsky who advocated a "revision" of the "practical Zionism" of David Ben Gurion and Chaim Weizmann, which was focused on independent settlement of Eretz Yisrael....
, representing the Revisionist movement at several Zionist congresses and in Poland
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
. After the 1929 Hebron massacre
1929 Hebron massacre

The Hebron Massacre refers to the mass murder of sixty-seven Jews on 23 and 24 August, 1929 in Hebron, then part of the British Mandate of Palestine, by Arabs incited to violence by false rumors that Jews were massacring Arabs in Jerusalem and seizing control of Muslim holy places....
 he became more militant, and joined both the Irgun
Irgun

Irgun was a militant Zionism group that operated in Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It was established as a militant offshoot of the earlier and larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah ....
 and Lehi
Lehi (group)

Lehi , also known as the Stern Gang, a term coined by the United Kingdom, was an armed Resistance movement Zionist faction in British Mandate of Palestine,...
.

Greenberg envisioned and warned of the destruction of European Jewry. He believed that the Holocaust was a tragic but largely inevitable outcome of Jewish indifference to their destiny.

Following Israeli independence in 1948, he joined Menachem Begin
Menachem Begin

was the sixth Prime Minister of Israel. Before the establishment of the state, he was the leader of the Irgun, playing a central role in Jewish resistance to the British Mandate of Palestine....
's Herut
Herut

Herut was the major Right wing politics List of political parties in Israel in Israel from the 1940s until its formal merger into Likud in 1988, and an adherent to Revisionist Zionism....
 movement. In 1949, he was elected to the first Knesset
Israeli legislative election, 1949

Elections in Israel for the Constituent Assembly were held in newly-independent Israel on 25 January, 1949. Voter turnout was 85.8%. Two days after its first meeting on 14 February, 1949, legislators voted to change the name of the body to the Knesset ....
. He lost his seat in the 1951 elections
Israeli legislative election, 1951

Elections in Israel for the second Knesset were held in Israel on 30 July, 1951. Voter turnout was 74.3%....
. After the Six-Day War
Six-Day War

In the Six-Day War of June 5-10, 1967, Israel defeated the armies of the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. In Arabic, the war is called ....
 he joined the Greater Israel
Greater Israel

Greater Israel is a controversial expression with several different meanings.Currently, the most common definition of the land encompassed by the term is the territory of the State of Israel together with the Palestinian territories....
 movement, which advocated Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank
West Bank

The West Bank is the eastern Part of the Palestinian territories on the west bank of the River Jordan in the Middle East. To the west, north, and south the West Bank shares borders with the state of Israel....
.

Awards

Grinberg was awarded the Israel Prize
Israel Prize

The Israel Prize is an award handed out by the State of Israel. It is presented annually, on Yom Ha'atzma'ut, in a state ceremony in Jerusalem, in the presence of the President of Israel, the Prime Minister of Israel, the Knesset chairperson, and the Supreme Court of Israel president....
 in 1957 for his contribution to Hebrew literature
Hebrew literature

Hebrew literature consists of ancient, medieval, and modern writings in the Hebrew language. Beyond comparison, the most important such work is the Hebrew Bible ....
.

Books in Hebrew

  • A Great Fear and the Moon [poetry), Hedim, 1925 [Eymah Gedolah Ve-Yareah)
  • Manhood on the Rise [poetry), Sadan, 1926 [Ha-Gavrut Ha-Olah)
  • A Vision of One of the Legions [poetry), Sadan, 1928 [Hazon Ehad Ha-Legionot)
  • Anacreon at the Pole of Sorrow [poetry), Davar, 1928 [Anacreon Al Kotev Ha-Itzavon)
  • House Dog [poetry), Hedim, 1929 [Kelev Bayit)
  • A Zone of Defense and Address of the Son-of-Blood [poetry), Sadan, 1929 [Ezor Magen Ve-Ne`um Ben Ha-Dam)
  • The Book of Indictment and Faith [poetry), Sadan, 1937 [Sefer Ha-Kitrug Ve-Ha-Emunah)
  • From the Ruddy and the Blue [poetry), Schocken, 1950 [Min Ha-Kahlil U-Min Ha-Kahol)
  • Streets of the River [poetry), Schocken, 1951 [Rehovot Ha-Nahar)
  • In the Middle of the World, In the Middle of Time [poetry), Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1979 [Be-Emtza Ha-Olam, Be-Emtza Ha-Zmanim)
  • Selected Poems [poetry), Schocken, 1979 [Mivhar Shirim)
  • Complete Works of Uri Zvi Greenberg[ Bialik Institute, 1991 [Col Kitvei ,
  • At the Hub[Bialik Institute, 2007 [Baavi Ha-Shir]


See also

  • The Modern Hebrew Poem Itself
    The Modern Hebrew Poem Itself

    The Modern Hebrew Poem Itself is an anthology of modern Hebrew poetry, presented in the original language, with a transliteration into Roman script, a literal translation into English, and commentaries and explanations....

External links

  • Jewish Agency for Israel