Uralic Phonetic Alphabet
The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet or Finno-Ugric transcription system is a
phonetic transcription or notational system used predominantly for the transcription of
Finno-Ugric languages. It was first published in 1901 by Emil Nestor Set?l?, a
Finnish linguist.
Unlike the
International Phonetic Alphabet notational standard which concentrates on accurately and uniquely transcribing the phonemes of a language, the UPA is also used to denote the functional categories of a language, as well as their phonetic quality.
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Encyclopedia
The
Uralic Phonetic Alphabet or
Finno-Ugric transcription system is a
phonetic transcription or notational system used predominantly for the transcription of
Finno-Ugric languages. It was first published in 1901 by Emil Nestor Setälä, a
Finnish linguist.
Unlike the
International Phonetic Alphabet notational standard which concentrates on accurately and uniquely transcribing the phonemes of a language, the UPA is also used to denote the functional categories of a language, as well as their phonetic quality. For this reason, it is not possible to automatically convert a UPA transcription into an IPA one.
The basic UPA characters are based on the Finnish alphabet where possible, with extensions taken from
Cyrillic and
Greek orthographies. Small-capital letters and some novel diacritics are also used.
General
Unlike the IPA, which is usually transcribed with upright characters, the UPA is usually transcribed with
italic characters. Although many of its characters are also used in standard
Latin,
Greek,
Cyrillic orthographies or the IPA, and are found in the corresponding
Unicode blocks, many are not. These have been encoded in the
Phonetic Extensions and
Phonetic Extensions Supplement blocks. Font support for these extended characters is very rare; Code2000 is one font which does support them.
Vowels
A
vowel to the left of a dot is
illabial ; to the right is
labial .
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Palatal| style="width: 60px;" |
Central| style="width: 60px;" |
Velar|-
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IPA|? • ?}}
