Upper Burma was a term used by the
BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name and the state form of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927...
to refer to the central and northern area of what is now the country of
MyanmarBurma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia or Indochina. The country is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest and the Bay of Bengal to the...
(Burma). After the
Second Anglo-Burmese WarThe Second Anglo-Burmese War was the second of the three wars fought between the Burmese and the British Empire during the 19th century, with the outcome of the gradual extinction of Burmese sovereignty and independence....
of 1852,
Lower BurmaLower Burma is a historical region, referring to the part of Burma annexed by the British Empire after the Second Anglo-Burmese War, which took place in 1852, plus the former kingdom of Arakan and the territory of Tenasserim which the British had taken control of in 1826...
was annexed by the
British EmpireThe British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom, that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was...
, while Upper Burma remained independent under the
Kingdom of BurmaThe Konbaung Dynasty , sometimes called the Alaungpaya Dynasty or the House of Alompra by British colonial rulers, was the last in the history of the Burmese monarchy. It was also known to be the second largest Burmese Empire in its history...
until the
Third Anglo-Burmese WarThe Third Anglo-Burmese War, also known as the Third Burmese War, was a conflict that took place mainly during the winter of 1885, with sporadic resistance and insurgency continuing into 1887. It was the final of three wars fought in the 19th century between Burmese forces and the British Empire...
of 1885. Upper Burma was also known as Burma proper and the Kingdom of
AvaInnwa is a city in the Mandalay Division of Burma, situated just to the south of Amarapura on the Ayeyarwady River. Its formal title is Ratanapura , which means City of Gems in Pali. The name Innwa means mouth of the lake, which comes from in , meaning lake, and wa , which means mouth...
. Upper Burma was predominantly
BamarThe Bamar , are the dominant ethnic group of Burma, constituting approximately 68% of the population...
.
- Lower Burma
Lower Burma is a historical region, referring to the part of Burma annexed by the British Empire after the Second Anglo-Burmese War, which took place in 1852, plus the former kingdom of Arakan and the territory of Tenasserim which the British had taken control of in 1826...
There are few settlements in the area, but the Mons were the oldest.
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Upper Burma was a term used by the
BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name and the state form of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927...
to refer to the central and northern area of what is now the country of
MyanmarBurma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia or Indochina. The country is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest and the Bay of Bengal to the...
(Burma). After the
Second Anglo-Burmese WarThe Second Anglo-Burmese War was the second of the three wars fought between the Burmese and the British Empire during the 19th century, with the outcome of the gradual extinction of Burmese sovereignty and independence....
of 1852,
Lower BurmaLower Burma is a historical region, referring to the part of Burma annexed by the British Empire after the Second Anglo-Burmese War, which took place in 1852, plus the former kingdom of Arakan and the territory of Tenasserim which the British had taken control of in 1826...
was annexed by the
British EmpireThe British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom, that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was...
, while Upper Burma remained independent under the
Kingdom of BurmaThe Konbaung Dynasty , sometimes called the Alaungpaya Dynasty or the House of Alompra by British colonial rulers, was the last in the history of the Burmese monarchy. It was also known to be the second largest Burmese Empire in its history...
until the
Third Anglo-Burmese WarThe Third Anglo-Burmese War, also known as the Third Burmese War, was a conflict that took place mainly during the winter of 1885, with sporadic resistance and insurgency continuing into 1887. It was the final of three wars fought in the 19th century between Burmese forces and the British Empire...
of 1885. Upper Burma was also known as Burma proper and the Kingdom of
AvaInnwa is a city in the Mandalay Division of Burma, situated just to the south of Amarapura on the Ayeyarwady River. Its formal title is Ratanapura , which means City of Gems in Pali. The name Innwa means mouth of the lake, which comes from in , meaning lake, and wa , which means mouth...
. Upper Burma was predominantly
BamarThe Bamar , are the dominant ethnic group of Burma, constituting approximately 68% of the population...
.
See also
- Lower Burma
Lower Burma is a historical region, referring to the part of Burma annexed by the British Empire after the Second Anglo-Burmese War, which took place in 1852, plus the former kingdom of Arakan and the territory of Tenasserim which the British had taken control of in 1826...
There are few settlements in the area, but the Mons were the oldest. They arrived in the region of Burma/Myanmar as early as 2500 BC. It is said to have been that the Mons were the close cousins of the Khmer, together, they came down from Mongolia to the regions of Cambodia, Thailand, and Burma/Myanmar. They took the long journey from the north towards the region Burma/Myanmar. At a very early point in their history, they converted to Theravada-Buddhism, Burma was the centre of Theravada-Buddhism. The religion was very convenient for all parties; it was strict, yet very peaceful. The Thais and Cambodians were jealous of its idea; they converted from Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism to Theravada Buddhism. They brought Theravada-Buddhism to Burma, changing the area around them in the way they thought and acted. The Mon people spoke the language of Mon, which the modern Burmese people adopted many of the Mon ways, including their writing system. They arrived from Mongolia, by the way the men were supposed to travel, walking; with their babies on the back and their eldest sons towing the caribou behind them.
When the Mon people arrived in the region of Burma/Myanmar, there was only one place the Mon people would settle, and that was the rivers. The main one was the Irrawaddy River. This river was the best place to settle because it was full of fish and the rare Irrawaddy dolphin; another advantage of living here was that the Northwestern border was close to India, the land of spice. The surrounding area of the Irrawaddy River was also very fertile, making rice and agriculture prosperous.