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The up quark is a particle described by the Standard Model
Standard Model

The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions....
 theory of physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
. It is a first-generation quark
Quark

Quarks are a type of elementary particle and major constituents of matter. They are the only particles in the Standard Model to experience all four fundamental interaction, which are also known as fundamental interactions....
 with a charge of +(2/3)e
Elementary charge

The elementary charge, usually denoted e, is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negative of the electric charge carried by a single electron....
. It is the lightest of all quarks. Its bare mass
Mass

In physical science, mass refers to the degree of acceleration a body acquires when subject to a force: bodies with greater mass are accelerated less by the same force....
 is not well determined, but probably lies between 1.5 and 4 MeV
MEV

MeV and meV are Multiple of the electron volt unit referring to 1,000,000 eV and 0.001 eV, respectively.Mev or MEV may refer to:...
. According to the Standard Model
Standard Model

The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions....
 of particle physics
Particle physics

Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the elementary particle constituents of matter and radiation, and the interactions between them....
, there are six quark types. Ordinary matter
Matter

In common usage, matter is anything that has both mass and volume . A more rigorous definition is used in science: matter is what atoms and molecules are made of....
, such as atoms, contains electron
Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has elementary particle and is believed to be a point particle....
s and a nucleus
Atomic nucleus

The nucleus of an atom is the very dense region, consisting of nucleons , at the center of an atom. Although the size of the nucleus varies considerably according to the mass of the atom, the size of the entire atom is comparatively constant....
. The protons and neutrons inside the nucleus are called nucleons, and the up quark—along with the down quark
Down quark

The down quark is a first-generation quark with a charge of - elementary charge. It is the second-lightest of all the six flavour of quarks, the lightest being the up quark....
-is the fundamental constituents of these nucleons.






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The up quark is a particle described by the Standard Model
Standard Model

The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions....
 theory of physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
. It is a first-generation quark
Quark

Quarks are a type of elementary particle and major constituents of matter. They are the only particles in the Standard Model to experience all four fundamental interaction, which are also known as fundamental interactions....
 with a charge of +(2/3)e
Elementary charge

The elementary charge, usually denoted e, is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negative of the electric charge carried by a single electron....
. It is the lightest of all quarks. Its bare mass
Mass

In physical science, mass refers to the degree of acceleration a body acquires when subject to a force: bodies with greater mass are accelerated less by the same force....
 is not well determined, but probably lies between 1.5 and 4 MeV
MEV

MeV and meV are Multiple of the electron volt unit referring to 1,000,000 eV and 0.001 eV, respectively.Mev or MEV may refer to:...
. According to the Standard Model
Standard Model

The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that take part in these interactions....
 of particle physics
Particle physics

Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the elementary particle constituents of matter and radiation, and the interactions between them....
, there are six quark types. Ordinary matter
Matter

In common usage, matter is anything that has both mass and volume . A more rigorous definition is used in science: matter is what atoms and molecules are made of....
, such as atoms, contains electron
Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has elementary particle and is believed to be a point particle....
s and a nucleus
Atomic nucleus

The nucleus of an atom is the very dense region, consisting of nucleons , at the center of an atom. Although the size of the nucleus varies considerably according to the mass of the atom, the size of the entire atom is comparatively constant....
. The protons and neutrons inside the nucleus are called nucleons, and the up quark—along with the down quark
Down quark

The down quark is a first-generation quark with a charge of - elementary charge. It is the second-lightest of all the six flavour of quarks, the lightest being the up quark....
-is the fundamental constituents of these nucleons. The proton contains two up quarks and a down quark, while the neutron contains one up quark and two down quarks.

The equivalence of mass and energy described in the theory of Special Relativity
Special relativity

Special relativity is the physical theory of measurement in inertial frames of reference proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein in the paper "Annus Mirabilis Papers#Special relativity"....
 means that quickly moving particles have greater energy and so appear to have a greater mass at high speeds than while at rest. The strength of the strong forces holding the quarks in the nucleus suggests they are moving with relativistic speed
Relativistic speed

A Relativistic speed is a speed which is a significant proportion of the speed of light. Therefore scientific analysis must take the consequences of special relativity into account....
s. Therefore, the majority of the mass in nucleons comes from the energy in the gluon field
Gluon

Gluons are elementary particles that cause quarks to interact, and are indirectly responsible for the binding of protons and neutrons together in atomic nuclei....
 holding the quarks together, and not the quark masses themselves. The existence of up quarks was first postulated when Gell-Mann and Zweig
George Zweig

George Zweig was originally trained as a particle physicist under Richard Feynman and later turned his attention to neurobiology. He spent a number of years as a Research Scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory and MIT, but as of 2004, has gone on to work in the financial services industry....
 developed the quark model
Quark model

In physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks, i.e., the quarks which give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons....
 in 1964, and the first evidence for them was found in deep inelastic scattering
Deep Inelastic Scattering

Deep inelastic scattering is the name given to a process used to probe the insides of hadrons , using electrons, muons and neutrinos. It provided the first convincing evidence of the reality of quarks, which up until that point had been considered by many to be a purely mathematical phenomenon....
 experiments at SLAC in 1968.

Hadrons containing up quarks

Some of the hadrons containing up quarks include:
  • Positively Charged
    Charge (physics)

    In physics, a charge may refer to one of many different quantities, such as the electric charge in electromagnetism or the color charge in quantum chromodynamics....
     Pion
    Pion

    In particle physics, a pion is any of three subatomic particles: , and . Pions are the lightest mesons and play an important role in explaining low-energy properties of the strong nuclear force....
    s are meson
    Meson

    In particle physics, mesons are subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark. They are part of the hadron particle family ? particles made of quarks....
    s containing an up quark and an anti-down quark
    Down quark

    The down quark is a first-generation quark with a charge of - elementary charge. It is the second-lightest of all the six flavour of quarks, the lightest being the up quark....
    , or vice versa.
  • The neutral
    Electric charge

    Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields....
     pion is a linear combination
    Linear combination

    In mathematics, linear combinations are a concept central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics.Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field , with some generalisations given at the end of the article....
     of up-antiup and down-antidown, as are the ? and ? mesons.
  • The and flavorless mesons are linear combination
    Linear combination

    In mathematics, linear combinations are a concept central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics.Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field , with some generalisations given at the end of the article....
    s of several quark-antiquark pairs, including up-antiup.
  • A large number of detected baryon
    Baryon

    Baryons are the family of composite particle subatomic particle made of three quarks, as opposed to the mesons which are the family of composite particles made of one quark and one antiquark....
    s contain one or more up quarks. Like the nucleon
    Nucleon

    In physics, a nucleon is a collective name for two baryons: the neutron and the proton. They are constituents of the atomic nucleus and until the 1960s were thought to be elementary particles....
    s, the baryons are made of only up and down quarks: the contains three up quarks, the contains two, the contains only one while the contains none.


See also

  • Isospin
    Isospin

    In physics, and specifically, particle physics, isospin is a quantum number related to the strong interaction. This term was derived from isotopic spin, but the term is confusing as two isotopes of a nucleus have different numbers of nucleons; in contrast, rotations of isospin maintain the number of nucleons....