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United States presidential election, 1936
 
 
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The United States presidential election of 1936 was the most lopsided presidential election in the history of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 (in terms of electoral votes; in terms of popular vote, it was the third-most). The election took place as the Great Depression
Great Depression in the United States

The Great Depression in the United States began on "Black Tuesday" with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and rapidly spread worldwide. The market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth and personal advancement....
 entered its eighth year. Incumbent President
President of the United States

The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition....
 Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
 was still working to push the provisions of his New Deal
New Deal

The New Deal was the name that United States President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to a sequence of central economic planning and economic stimulus programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of giving aid to the unemployed, reform of business and financial practices, and recovery of the Economy of the Unite...
 economic policy through Congress and the courts. However, the New Deal policies he had already enacted, such as Social Security
Social Security (United States)

Social security in the United States currently refers to the Federal government of the United States Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance program....
 and unemployment benefits, had proven to be highly popular with most Americans.






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The United States presidential election of 1936 was the most lopsided presidential election in the history of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 (in terms of electoral votes; in terms of popular vote, it was the third-most). The election took place as the Great Depression
Great Depression in the United States

The Great Depression in the United States began on "Black Tuesday" with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and rapidly spread worldwide. The market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth and personal advancement....
 entered its eighth year. Incumbent President
President of the United States

The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition....
 Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
 was still working to push the provisions of his New Deal
New Deal

The New Deal was the name that United States President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to a sequence of central economic planning and economic stimulus programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of giving aid to the unemployed, reform of business and financial practices, and recovery of the Economy of the Unite...
 economic policy through Congress and the courts. However, the New Deal policies he had already enacted, such as Social Security
Social Security (United States)

Social security in the United States currently refers to the Federal government of the United States Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance program....
 and unemployment benefits, had proven to be highly popular with most Americans. Roosevelt's Republican opponent was Governor Alf Landon
Alf Landon

Alfred "Alf" Mossman Landon was an United States History of the United States Republican Party politician, who served as Governor of Kansas from 1933–1937....
 of Kansas
Kansas

The State of Kansas is a Midwestern U.S. state in the Central United States of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the United States "Heartland"....
, a political moderate. Although some political pundits
Psephology

Psephology is the statistical analysis of elections. Psephology uses compilations of precinct voting returns for elections going back some years, public opinion polls, campaign finance information and similar statistical data....
 predicted a close race, Roosevelt would win the greatest electoral landslide since the beginning of the current U.S. two-party system in the 1850s, carrying all but 8 electoral votes. Roosevelt won 60.8% of the national popular vote, the second highest popular-vote percentage won by a U.S.presidential candidate since 1820.

Nominations


Democratic Party nomination

Image:FDR in 1933.jpg|President
President of the United States

The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition....
 Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
 of New York
New York

The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....
 Image:Henry_Breckinridge.jpg|Lawyer
Lawyer

A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law; as an Attorney at law, counsel or solicitor; a person licensed to practice fraud." Law is the system of rules of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain stability, and deliver justice....
 Henry S. Breckinridge
Henry S. Breckinridge

Henry Skillman Breckinridge was a United States lawyer and politician, best known as Charles Lindbergh's attorney during the Lindbergh kidnapping trial and the only serious opponent of President of the United States Franklin D....
 of New York
New York

The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....

President Roosevelt faced only one primary opponent other than favorite son
Favorite son

A favorite son is a politics term that can refer to two different types of politicians:*A politician whose electoral appeal derives from his or her regional appeal, rather than his or her political views....
s. Henry S. Breckinridge
Henry S. Breckinridge

Henry Skillman Breckinridge was a United States lawyer and politician, best known as Charles Lindbergh's attorney during the Lindbergh kidnapping trial and the only serious opponent of President of the United States Franklin D....
, an anti-New Deal lawyer from New York, filed to run against Roosevelt in four primaries. Breckinridge's test of the popularity of the New Deal among Democrats failed, as he lost by wide margins. In New Jersey, President Roosevelt did not file for the preference vote and lost that primary to Breckinridge, though he did receive 19% of the vote on write-ins. Roosevelt's candidates for delegate swept the race in New Jersey and elsewhere. In other primaries, Breckinridge's best showing was his 15% in Maryland. Overall, Roosevelt received 93% of the primary vote, compared to 2% for Breckinridge .

The Democratic Party Convention was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population city in the United States. It is the fifth-largest metropolitan area and fourth-largest urban area by population in the United States, the nation's fourth-largest consumer media market as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research, and the 49th-most...
. The delegates unanimously renominated incumbents President Franklin Roosevelt and Vice President John Nance Garner
John Nance Garner

John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" was the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States ....
. At Roosevelt's request, the two-thirds rule, which had given the South a veto power, was repealed.

The Balloting
Presidential Ballot Vice Presidential Ballot
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
 		1100 John Nance Garner
John Nance Garner

John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" was the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States ....
 		1100


Republican Party nomination


Although many candidates sought the Republican nomination, only two, Governor Landon and Senator Borah, were considered to be serious candidates. While favorite sons Knox, Warren, Green, and Day won their respective primaries, the 70-year-old Borah, a well-known progressive
Progressivism

The term progressive has varying meanings in different countries.In some countries, the word refers to left-wing politics. For instance, in the United States, the term progressive emerged in the late 19th century into the 20th century in reference to a more general response to the vast changes brought by industrialization: an alternativ...
 and "insurgent," carried the Wisconsin
Wisconsin

Wisconsin is one of the fifty U.S. state in the United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States. It borders two of the five Great Lakes and four U.S....
, Nebraska
Nebraska

Nebraska is a U.S. state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Western United States.Nebraska probably gets its name from the archaic Chiwere language words ?? Br?sge or the Omaha-Ponca language N? Bth?ska meaning "flat water," after the Platte River that flows through the state....
, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a U.S. state located in the Northeastern United States and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States....
, West Virginia
West Virginia

West Virginia is a U.S. state in the Appalachian, Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic States regions of the United States, bordered by Virginia on the southeast, Kentucky on the southwest, Ohio on the northwest, and Pennsylvania and Maryland on the northeast....
, and Oregon
Oregon

Oregon is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers and settlers....
 primaries, while also performing quite strongly in Knox's Illinois and Green's South Dakota. However, the party machinery almost uniformly backed Landon, a wealthy businessman and centrist
Centrism

In politics, centrism usually refers to the political idea of promoting moderate policies which land in the middle between different political extremes....
, who won primaries in Massachusetts
Massachusetts

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a U.S. state located in the New England region of the Northeastern United States United States. It borders Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north....
 and New Jersey
New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania....
 and dominated in the caucus
Caucus

A caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a political party or movement, especially in the United States. The exact definition varies among political cultures....
es and at state party conventions.

With Knox withdrawing as Landon's selection for Vice President and Day, Green, and Warren releasing their delegates, the tally at the convention was:

  • Alfred Landon 984
  • William E. Borah
    William Edgar Borah

    William Edgar Borah was a prominent Republican Party Lawyer and longtime United States Senator from Idaho noted for his oratorical skills and United States non-interventionism views....
     19


Other nominations

Many people expected Huey Long
Huey Long

Huey Pierce Long, Jr. , nicknamed The Kingfish, was an United States politician from the U.S. state of Louisiana. A Democratic Party , he was noted for his Radicalism populism policies....
, the colorful Democratic senator from Louisiana
Louisiana

The State of Louisiana is a U.S. state located in the U.S. Southern States of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans....
, to run as a third-party candidate with his "Share Our Wealth
Share Our Wealth

Share Our Wealth was a movement begun during the Great Depression by Huey Long, a governor of Louisiana and later United States Senator from Louisiana....
" program as his platform, but his bid was cut short when he was assassinated in September 1935. It was later revealed by historian and Long biographer T. Harry Williams
T. Harry Williams

Thomas Harry Williams was an award-winning historian at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge whose career began in 1941 and extended for thirty-eight years until his death....
 that Long had never, in fact, intended to run for the presidency in 1936. Instead, he had been plotting with Father Charles Coughlin
Charles Coughlin

Father Charles Edward Coughlin was a Canada-born Roman Catholic priest at Royal Oak, Michigan's National Shrine of the Little Flower Church. He was one of the first political leaders to use radio broadcasting to reach a mass audience, as more than forty million tuned to his weekly broadcasts during the 1930s....
, a Catholic
Catholic

Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek language adjective , meaning "whole" or "complete". In the context of Christianity ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages....
 priest
Priest

A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities....
 and populist
Populism

Populism is a discourse which supports "the people" versus "the elites." Populism may involve either a philosophy urging social and political system changes and/or a rhetorical style deployed by members of political or social movements competing for advantage within the existing party system....
 talk radio
Talk radio

Talk radio is a radio format containing discussion about topical issues. Most shows are regularly hosted by a single individual, and often feature interviews with a number of different guests....
 personality, to run someone else on the soon-to-be-formed "Share Our Wealth" Party ticket. According to Williams, the idea was that this candidate would split the left-wing
Left-wing politics

In politics, left-wing, leftist, and the Left are terms applied to Social progressivism and Egalitarianism positions. Originally, during the French Revolution, left-wing referred to seating arrangements in parliament; those who sat on the left opposed the monarchy and supported Political radicalism reform....
 vote with President Roosevelt, thereby electing a Republican president and proving the electoral appeal of SOW. Long would then wait four years and run for president as a Democrat in 1940.

Prior to Long's death, leading contenders for the role of the sacrificial 1936 candidate included Senators Burton K. Wheeler
Burton K. Wheeler

Burton Kendall Wheeler was a Montana politician of the Democratic Party and a United States Senate from 1923 until 1947.Wheeler was born in Hudson, Massachusetts....
 (D-Montana
Montana

Montana is a U.S. state in the Western United States. The western third of the state contains numerous mountain ranges; other 'island' ranges are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges of the Rocky Mountains....
) and William E. Borah
William Edgar Borah

William Edgar Borah was a prominent Republican Party Lawyer and longtime United States Senator from Idaho noted for his oratorical skills and United States non-interventionism views....
 (R-Idaho
Idaho

The State of Idaho is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. The state's largest city and Capital is Boise, Idaho....
) and Governor Floyd B. Olson
Floyd B. Olson

Floyd Bj?rnstjerne Olson was an United States politician. He served as the 22nd Governor of Minnesota from January 6, 1931 to August 22, 1936....
 (FL
Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party

The Farmer-Labor Party was a political party in the United States. Although it was primarily Minnesota-based, it had a presence in other states....
-Minnesota
Minnesota

Minnesota is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States of the United States. The twelfth largest state by area in the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with just over five million residents....
). After the assassination, however, the two senators lost interest in the idea and Olson was diagnosed with terminal stomach cancer
Stomach cancer

Stomach or gastric cancer can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs; particularly the esophagus, lungs and the liver....
.

Father Coughlin, who had allied himself with Dr. Francis Townsend
Francis Townsend

Dr. Francis Everett Townsend was an United States physician who was best known for his revolving old-age pension proposal during the Great Depression....
, a left-wing political activist who was pushing for the creation of an old-age pension
Pension

In general, a pension is an arrangement to provide people with an income when they are no longer earning a regular income from employment.The terms retirement plan or superannuation refer to a pension granted upon retirement ....
 system, and Rev. Gerald L.K. Smith
Gerald L. K. Smith

Gerald Lyman Kenneth Smith was a leader of the Share Our Wealth movement and founder of the America First Party .Smith was born in Pardeeville, Wisconsin....
, a well-known white supremacist and spokesman for the Christian Right
Christian right

The Christian right is a term used predominantly in the United States to describe a spectrum of right-wing politics Christian political and social movements and organizations characterized by their strong support of Conservatism social conservative and Republican Party values....
, was eventually forced to run Congressman William Lemke
William Lemke

William Frederick Lemke , was a United States politician.He was born in Albany, Minnesota, and raised in Towner County, North Dakota, the son of Fred Lemke and Julia Anna Klier, pioneer farmers who had accumulated some of land....
 (R-North Dakota
North Dakota

North Dakota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States and Western United States regions of the United States of America. North Dakota is the 19th largest state by area in the US; it is the 48th most populous, with just over 640,000 residents as of 2006....
) as the candidate of the newly-created "Union Party." Lemke, who lacked the charisma and national stature of the other potential candidates, fared poorly in the election, barely managing 2% of the vote, and the party was dissolved the following year.

William Dudley Pelley
William Dudley Pelley

William Dudley Pelley was an American extremist and spiritualist who founded the Silver Legion in the 1930s, and ran for President in 1936 for the Christian Party ....
, Chief of the Silver Shirts Legion, ran on the ballot in Washington state, managing to secure less than 2,000 votes.

General election


Campaign

The election was held on November 3, 1936.

This election is notable for the Literary Digest
Literary Digest

The Literary Digest was an influential general interest weekly magazine published by Funk and Wagnalls. Founded by Isaac Kauffman Funk in 1890, it eventually merged with two similar weekly magazines, Public Opinion and Current Opinion....
 poll, which was based on 10 million questionnaires mailed to readers and potential readers; over two million were returned. The Literary Digest, which had correctly predicted the winner of the last 5 elections, announced in its October 31 issue that Landon would be the winner with 370 electoral votes. The cause of this mistake is believed to be due to improper sampling: more Republicans subscribed to the Literary Digest than Democrats, and were thus more likely to vote for Landon than Roosevelt. This mistake by the Literary Digest
Literary Digest

The Literary Digest was an influential general interest weekly magazine published by Funk and Wagnalls. Founded by Isaac Kauffman Funk in 1890, it eventually merged with two similar weekly magazines, Public Opinion and Current Opinion....
 proved to be devastating to the magazine's credibility, and in fact the magazine went out of existence within a few months of the election.

That same year, George Gallup
George Gallup

George Horace Gallup was an American pioneer of survey sampling techniques and inventor of the Gallup poll, a successful statistics of survey sampling for measuring opinion polls....
, an advertising executive who had begun a scientific poll, predicted that Roosevelt would win the election, based on a quota sample of 50,000 people. He also predicted that the Literary Digest would mis-predict the results. His correct predictions made public opinion polling a critical element of elections for journalists and indeed for politicians. The Gallup Poll would become a staple of future presidential elections, and remains one of the most prominent election polling organizations to this day.

Roosevelt won by a landslide, carrying 46 of the 48 states and bringing in many additional Democratic members of Congress. After Lyndon Johnson in 1964
United States presidential election, 1964

The United States presidential election of 1964 was the sixth-most lopsided presidential election in the history of the United States behind the elections of United States presidential election, 1936, United States presidential election, 1984, United States presidential election, 1972, United States presidential election, 1864, and United Sta...
, Roosevelt's 60.8% of the popular vote is the second-largest percentage in U.S. history since the nearly unopposed election of James Monroe
James Monroe

James Monroe was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . His administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida ; the Missouri Compromise , in which Missouri was declared a slave state; the admission of Maine in 1820 as a free state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine , declaring U.S....
 in 1820
United States presidential election, 1820

The United States presidential election of 1820 was the third and last presidential election in History of the United States in which a candidate ran effectively unopposed....
 and his 98.5% of the electoral vote is the highest in two-party competition. Roosevelt won the largest number of electoral votes ever recorded at that time, so far only surpassed by Ronald Reagan in the 1984 election, when 7 more electoral votes were available. Some political pundits predicted the Republicans, whom many voters blamed for the Great Depression
Great Depression

File:International depression.pngThe Great Depression was a worldwide economic Recession starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries....
, would soon become an extinct political party. However, the Republicans would make a strong comeback in the 1938 congressional elections and would remain a potent force in Congress, although they were not able to win the presidency again until 1952.

The Electoral College
United States Electoral College

The Electoral College consists of the popularly elected representatives who formally elect the President of the United States and Vice President of the United States....
 results, in which Landon only won Maine and Vermont, inspired Democratic party chairman James Farley
James Farley

James Aloysius "Jim" Farley was an United States politician, business executive, and dignitary who served as head of the Democratic National Committee and as United States Postmaster General....
 to amend the then-conventional political wisdom of "As Maine goes, so goes the nation
As Maine goes, so goes the nation

"As Maine goes, so goes the nation" is a phrase that at one time was in wide currency in politics of the United States. The phrase described Maine's reputation as a bellwether state for United States presidential elections....
" into "As goes Maine, so goes Vermont." Additionally, a prankster posted a sign on Vermont's border with New Hampshire the day after the 1936 election; it read: "You are now leaving the United States."

Results

Source (Popular Vote):

Source (Electoral Vote):

Results by state
>

Franklin Roosevelt DemocraticAlfred Landon RepublicanWilliam Lemke UnionOtherState Total
Stateelectoral
votes		#%electoral
votes		#%electoral
votes		#%electoral
votes		#%electoral
votes		#
Alabama11238,13686.41135,35812.8
5510.2
1,6390.6
275,244AL
Arizona386,72269.9333,43326.9
3,3072.7
7010.6
124,163AZ
Arkansas9146,76581.8932,03917.9
40.0
6150.3
179,423AR
California221,766,83667.022836,43131.7
not on ballot35,6151.4
2,638,882CA
Colorado6295,02160.46181,26737.1
9,9622.0
2,4340.5
488,684CO
Connecticut8382,12955.38278,68540.4
21,8053.2
8,1041.2
690,723CT
Delaware369,70254.6357,23644.9
4420.4
2230.2
127,603DE
Florida7249,11776.1778,24823.9
not on ballot327,365FL
Georgia12255,36487.11236,94212.6
1410.1
7280.3
293,175GA
Idaho4125,68363.0466,25633.2
7,6783.9
not on ballot199,617ID
Illinois292,282,99957.7291,570,39339.7
89,4392.3
13,6910.4
3,956,522IL
Indiana14934,97456.614691,57041.9
19,4071.2
4,9460.3
1,650,897IN
Iowa11621,75654.411487,97742.7
29,6872.6
3,3130.3
1,142,733IA
Kansas9464,52053.79397,72746.0
4970.1
2,7700.3
865,014KS
Kentucky11541,94458.511369,70239.9
12,5011.4
2,0560.2
926,203KY
Louisiana10292,89488.81036,79111.2
not on ballot930.0
329,778LA
Maine5126,33341.5
168,82355.557,5812.5
1,5030.5
304,240ME
Maryland8389,61262.48231,43537.0
not on ballot3,8490.6
624,896MD
Massachusetts17942,71651.217768,61341.8
118,6396.5
10,3890.6
1,840,357MA
Michigan191,016,79456.319699,73338.8
75,7954.2
12,7760.7
1,805,098MI
Minnesota11698,81161.811350,46131.0
74,2966.6
6,4070.6
1,129,975MN
Mississippi9157,31897.194,4432.7
not on ballot3290.2
162,090MS
Missouri151,111,04360.815697,89138.2
14,6300.8
5,0710.3
1,828,635MO
Montana4159,69069.3463,59827.6
5,5492.4
1,6750.7
230,512MT
Nebraska7347,44557.17247,73140.7
12,8472.1
not on ballot608,023NE
Nevada331,92572.8311,92327.2
not on ballot43,848NV
New Hampshire4108,46049.74104,64248.0
4,8192.2
1930.1
218,114NH
New Jersey161,083,54959.616719,42139.6
9,4050.5
6,7520.4
1,819,127NJ
New Mexico3106,03762.7361,72736.5
9240.6
4480.3
169,176NM
New York473,293,22258.9472,180,67039.0
not on ballot122,5062.2
5,596,398NY
North Carolina13616,14173.413223,28326.6
20.0
380.0
839,464NC
North Dakota4163,14859.6472,75126.6
36,70813.4
1,1090.4
273,716ND
Ohio261,747,14058.0261,127,85537.4
132,2124.4
5,3820.2
3,012,589OH
Oklahoma11501,06966.811245,12232.7
not on ballot3,5490.5
749,740OK
Oregon5266,73364.45122,70629.6
21,8315.3
2,7510.7
414,021OR
Pennsylvania362,353,98756.9361,690,20040.8
67,4681.6
26,7710.7
4,138,426PA
Rhode Island4165,23853.14125,03140.2
19,5696.3
1,3400.4
311,178RI
South Carolina8113,79198.681,6461.4
not on ballot115,437SC
South Dakota4160,13754.04125,97742.5
10,3383.5
not on ballot296,472SD
Tennessee11328,08368.911146,52030.8
2960.1
1,6390.3
476,538TN
Texas23734,48587.123103,87412.3
3,2810.4
1,8420.2
843,482TX
Utah4150,24669.3464,55529.8
1,1210.5
7550.4
216,677UT
Vermont362,12443.2
81,02356.43not on ballot5420.4
143,689VT
Virginia11234,98070.21198,33629.4
2330.1
1,0410.3
334,590VA
Washington8459,57966.48206,89229.9
17,4632.5
8,4041.2
692,338WA
West Virginia8502,58260.68325,35839.2
not on ballot2,0050.2
829,945WV
Wisconsin12802,98463.812380,82830.3
60,2974.8
14,4511.1
1,258,560WI
Wyoming362,62460.6338,73937.5
1,6531.6
3660.4
103,382WY
TOTALS:53127,752,64860.852316,681,86236.58892,3782.0
320,8110.7
45,647,699 
TO WIN:266


Close states
  1. New Hampshire, 1.75%
  2. Kansas, 7.72%


Bibliography

  • Kristi Andersen, The Creation of a Democratic Majority: 1928-1936 (1979), statistical
  • James McGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox (1956)
  • Fadely, James Philip. "Editors, Whistle Stops, and Elephants: the Presidential Campaign of 1936 in Indiana." Indiana Magazine of History 1989 85(2): 101-137. Issn: 0019-6673


  • William E. Leuchtenburg, "Election of 1936", in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., ed., A History of American Presidential Elections vol 3 (1971), analysis and primary documents
  • Donald McCoy, Landon of Kansas (1968)
  • Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Politics of Upheaval (1960), online version


See also

  • History of the United States (1918-1945)
  • United States Senate elections, 1936


External links

  • - Michael Sheppard, Michigan State University


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