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United States presidential election, 1932
 
 
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The United States presidential election of 1932 took place as the effects of the 1929 Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression
Great Depression

File:International depression.pngThe Great Depression was a worldwide economic Recession starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries....
 were being felt intensely across the country. President Herbert Hoover
Herbert Hoover

Herbert Clark Hoover was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . Besides his political career, Hoover was a professional mining engineer and author....
's popularity was falling as voters felt he was unable to reverse the economic collapse, or deal with prohibition
Prohibition

Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as The Noble Experiment, refers to a sumptuary law which prohibits alcohol....
. Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
 used what he called Hoover's failure to deal with these problems as a platform for his own election, promising reform in his policy called the New Deal
New Deal

The New Deal was the name that United States President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to a sequence of central economic planning and economic stimulus programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of giving aid to the unemployed, reform of business and financial practices, and recovery of the Economy of the Unite...
.






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The United States presidential election of 1932 took place as the effects of the 1929 Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression
Great Depression

File:International depression.pngThe Great Depression was a worldwide economic Recession starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries....
 were being felt intensely across the country. President Herbert Hoover
Herbert Hoover

Herbert Clark Hoover was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . Besides his political career, Hoover was a professional mining engineer and author....
's popularity was falling as voters felt he was unable to reverse the economic collapse, or deal with prohibition
Prohibition

Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as The Noble Experiment, refers to a sumptuary law which prohibits alcohol....
. Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
 used what he called Hoover's failure to deal with these problems as a platform for his own election, promising reform in his policy called the New Deal
New Deal

The New Deal was the name that United States President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to a sequence of central economic planning and economic stimulus programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of giving aid to the unemployed, reform of business and financial practices, and recovery of the Economy of the Unite...
. Although vague about how he would remedy the situation, Roosevelt won by a landslide, and this "critical election" marked the collapse of the Fourth Party System
Fourth Party System

The Fourth Party System is the term used in political science and history for the period in American political history from about 1896 to 1932 that was dominated by the History of the United States Republican Party, excepting the 1912 split in which History of the United States Democratic Party seized power for eight years....
 or Progressive Era
Progressive Era

The Progressive Era in the United States was a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s to the 1920's.Responding to the changes brought about by industrialization,...
. The voters soon were realigned into the Fifth Party System
Fifth Party System

The New Deal Coalition, also known as the Fifth Party System, refers to the era of United States national politics that began with the New Deal in 1933....
, dominated by Roosevelt's New Deal Coalition
New Deal coalition

The New Deal coalition was the alignment of interest groups and voting blocs that supported the New Deal and voted for History of the United States Democratic Party presidential candidates from 1932 until approximately 1968, which made the Democratic Party the majority party during that period, losing only to Dwight D....
.

Nominations


Democratic Party nomination

See also: 1932 Democratic National Convention
1932 Democratic National Convention

The 1932 Democratic National Convention was held in Chicago, Illinois from June 27 - July 2, 1932. The convention resulted in the nomination of Franklin Roosevelt of New York for President and John Nance Garner of Texas for Vice-President....
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt
    Franklin D. Roosevelt

    Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
    , U.S. governor of New York
    New York

    The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....
  • Al Smith
    Al Smith

    Alfred Emanuel Smith, Jr. , known in private and public life as Al Smith, was an American politician who was elected List of Governors of New York four times, and was the History of the United States Democratic Party United States presidential election, 1928....
    , former U.S. governor of New York
    New York

    The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....
  • John Nance Garner
    John Nance Garner

    John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" was the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States ....
    , U.S. Speaker of the House from Texas
    Texas

    Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
  • Harry F. Byrd
    Harry F. Byrd

    Harry Flood Byrd, Sr. of Berryville, Virginia in Clarke County, Virginia was an United States publisher, farmer and politician. He was a descendant of one of the First Families of Virginia....
    , former U.S. governor of Virginia
    Virginia

    The Commonwealth of Virginia is an United States U.S. state on the East Coast of the United States of the Southern United States. The state is known as the "Old Dominion" and sometimes as "Mother of Presidents", because it is the birthplace of Lists of United States Presidents by place of birth#By state....
  • James A. Reed
    James A. Reed

    James Alexander Reed was an American United States Democratic Party politician from Missouri.Reed was born on a farm in Richland County, Ohio....
    , U.S. senator from Missouri
    Missouri

    Missouri is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska....
  • Albert Ritchie
    Albert Ritchie

    Albert Cabell Ritchie , a member of the United States Democratic Party, was the 49th Governor of Maryland in the United States from 1920 to 1935....
    , U.S. governor of Maryland
    Maryland

    Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic States of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the Washington, D.C. to the south and west, Pennsylvania to the north, and Delaware to the east....
  • William H. Murray
    William H. Murray

    William Henry Davis "Alfalfa Bill" Murray was an United States teacher, lawyer, and politician from Oklahoma. He was the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, United States House of Representatives, and Governor of Oklahoma....
    , U.S. governor of Oklahoma
    Oklahoma

    Oklahoma is a U.S. state and a sovereignty located in the South Central United States and Southern United States of the United States of America ....
  • Will Rogers
    Will Rogers

    William Penn Adair ?Will? Rogers was a Cherokee-United States cowboy, comedian, humorist, social commentary, vaudeville performer and actor. He was the father of U.S....
    , movie star from Oklahoma
    Oklahoma

    Oklahoma is a U.S. state and a sovereignty located in the South Central United States and Southern United States of the United States of America ....
  • Newton D. Baker
    Newton D. Baker

    Newton Diehl Baker, Jr. was an United States politician of the United States Democratic Party . He served as the 37th List of Mayors of Cleveland, Ohio of Cleveland, Ohio from 1912 to 1915 and as United States Secretary of War from 1916 to 1921....
    , former U.S. Secretary of War from Ohio
    Ohio

    Ohio is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region , Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads in North America....
  • George White
    George White (Ohio politician)

    George White was the 52nd Governor of Ohio.Born in Elmira, New York, White attended Princeton College. After mining in the Klondike, Yukon, White settled in Marietta, Ohio to drill for Petroleum....
    , U.S. governor of Ohio
    Ohio

    Ohio is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region , Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads in North America....
  • Melvin Alvah Traylor
    Melvin Alvah Traylor

    Melvin Alvah Traylor , the eldest of seven children of James Milton Traylor and Kitty Frances Traylor nee Harvey. He was an United States lawyer and banker....
    , banker from Illinois
    Illinois

    The State of Illinois is a U.S. state of the United States, the 21st to be admitted to the United States. Illinois is the most populous and demographically diverse Midwestern United States state and the fifth most populous state in the nation....


Candidates gallery

Image:FDR in 1933.jpg|Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
 of New York
New York

The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....
 Image:AlSmithWaves.jpg|former Governor Al Smith
Al Smith

Alfred Emanuel Smith, Jr. , known in private and public life as Al Smith, was an American politician who was elected List of Governors of New York four times, and was the History of the United States Democratic Party United States presidential election, 1928....
 of New York
New York

The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....
 Image:John n garner.jpg|Speaker of the House John Nance Garner
John Nance Garner

John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" was the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States ....
 of Texas
Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
 Image:Harry F. Byrd.jpg|former Governor
Governor of Virginia

The Governor#United States of Virginia serves as the chief executive of the Virginia for a four-year term. The position is currently held by U.S....
 Harry F. Byrd
Harry F. Byrd

Harry Flood Byrd, Sr. of Berryville, Virginia in Clarke County, Virginia was an United States publisher, farmer and politician. He was a descendant of one of the First Families of Virginia....
 of Virginia
Virginia

The Commonwealth of Virginia is an United States U.S. state on the East Coast of the United States of the Southern United States. The state is known as the "Old Dominion" and sometimes as "Mother of Presidents", because it is the birthplace of Lists of United States Presidents by place of birth#By state....
 Image:James Alexander Reed.jpg|Senator James A. Reed
James A. Reed

James Alexander Reed was an American United States Democratic Party politician from Missouri.Reed was born on a farm in Richland County, Ohio....
 of Missouri
Missouri

Missouri is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska....
 Image:Albert Ritchie, photo portrait head and shoulders.jpg|Governor
Governor of Maryland

The Governor of Maryland heads the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Maryland and is commander-in-chief of the state's military forces....
 Albert Ritchie
Albert Ritchie

Albert Cabell Ritchie , a member of the United States Democratic Party, was the 49th Governor of Maryland in the United States from 1920 to 1935....
 of Maryland
Maryland

Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic States of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the Washington, D.C. to the south and west, Pennsylvania to the north, and Delaware to the east....
 Image:William Murray.JPG|Governor
Governor of Oklahoma

The Governor of the State of Oklahoma is the head of state for the Oklahoma, United States. Under the Oklahoma Constitution, the Governor is also the head of government, serving as the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, of the government of Oklahoma....
 William H. Murray
William H. Murray

William Henry Davis "Alfalfa Bill" Murray was an United States teacher, lawyer, and politician from Oklahoma. He was the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, United States House of Representatives, and Governor of Oklahoma....
 of Oklahoma
Oklahoma

Oklahoma is a U.S. state and a sovereignty located in the South Central United States and Southern United States of the United States of America ....
 Image:Rogers-Will-LOC.jpg|Movie star Will Rogers
Will Rogers

William Penn Adair ?Will? Rogers was a Cherokee-United States cowboy, comedian, humorist, social commentary, vaudeville performer and actor. He was the father of U.S....
 of Oklahoma
Oklahoma

Oklahoma is a U.S. state and a sovereignty located in the South Central United States and Southern United States of the United States of America ....
 Image:Newton Baker, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg|former Secretary of War Newton D. Baker
Newton D. Baker

Newton Diehl Baker, Jr. was an United States politician of the United States Democratic Party . He served as the 37th List of Mayors of Cleveland, Ohio of Cleveland, Ohio from 1912 to 1915 and as United States Secretary of War from 1916 to 1921....
 of Ohio
Ohio

Ohio is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region , Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads in North America....

Throughout the winter and spring of 1932, New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
 was viewed as the heavy favorite to win the Democratic nomination. However, he did receive some unexpected setbacks, such as when Al Smith
Al Smith

Alfred Emanuel Smith, Jr. , known in private and public life as Al Smith, was an American politician who was elected List of Governors of New York four times, and was the History of the United States Democratic Party United States presidential election, 1928....
, the 1928 Democratic presidential nominee, defeated Roosevelt in the Massachusetts primary. As the Democratic Convention opened in Chicago, Roosevelt was believed to have more delegate votes than all of his opponents combined. Due to the two-thirds rule
Two-thirds rule

A two-thirds rule is usually a legal and constitutional requirement that for a proposal to be accepted, it must be supported by at least two-thirds of those voting....
, however, many of Roosevelt's rivals hoped that he would be unable to win the nomination, and that the delegates would turn to them in later ballots.

On the first ballot Roosevelt was well ahead of his rivals, of whom the strongest was Smith, but he was still below the two-thirds percentage he needed to win. On the next two ballots Roosevelt's total went up only slightly, and his managers - Louis McHenry Howe
Louis McHenry Howe

[Image:1101341217_400.jpg|thumb|Louis Howe is pictured upper left Louis McHenry Howe was an intimate friend and political advisor to President Franklin D....
 and James Farley
James Farley

James Aloysius "Jim" Farley was an United States politician, business executive, and dignitary who served as head of the Democratic National Committee and as United States Postmaster General....
 - became concerned that if he did not win the nomination on the next few ballots, his strength would ebb and move to other candidates. Before the fourth ballot began, Farley and Howe cut a deal with the press baron William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst

William Randolph Hearst I was an United States History of American newspapers Business magnate and leading newspaper publisher. The son of self-made millionaire George Hearst, he became aware that his father received a northern California newspaper, The San Francisco Examiner, as payment of a gambling debt....
 in which FDR would make John Nance Garner
John Nance Garner

John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" was the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States ....
, the Speaker of the House of Representatives
Speaker of the House of Representatives

Speakers of legislative bodies styled "House of Representatives":Antigua and Barbuda*House of Representatives of Antigua and Barbuda: Speaker of the House of Representatives of Antigua and Barbuda...
 and also a candidate, his Vice President. Garner and his manager, Texas Congressman Sam Rayburn
Sam Rayburn

Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn was a Democratic Party politician from Bonham, Texas. "Mr. Sam", as he was widely known, served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives for seventeen years, and is regarded by some historians as the most effective Speaker in history....
, agreed to the deal and on the fourth ballot Garner withdrew his candidacy and supported Roosevelt. Additionally, former Secretary of the Treasury William Gibbs McAdoo
William Gibbs McAdoo

William Gibbs McAdoo, Jr. was an United States lawyer and political leader who served as a United States Senate, United States Secretary of the Treasury and director of the United States Railroad Administration ....
, whose own presidential ambitions were thwarted by Al Smith eight years before, gleefully changed California's votes from Garner to Roosevelt, which set off a stampede that led to Roosevelt's nomination by the end of the fourth ballot.

Presidential Ballot
Ballot 1 2 34
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
 		666.5 677682 945
Al Smith
Al Smith

Alfred Emanuel Smith, Jr. , known in private and public life as Al Smith, was an American politician who was elected List of Governors of New York four times, and was the History of the United States Democratic Party United States presidential election, 1928....
 201194190 190
John Nance Garner
John Nance Garner

John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" was the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States ....
90.25 90.25 101.3 -
George White
George White (Ohio politician)

George White was the 52nd Governor of Ohio.Born in Elmira, New York, White attended Princeton College. After mining in the Klondike, Yukon, White settled in Marietta, Ohio to drill for Petroleum....
5250.5 52.5 -
Harry F. Byrd
Harry F. Byrd

Harry Flood Byrd, Sr. of Berryville, Virginia in Clarke County, Virginia was an United States publisher, farmer and politician. He was a descendant of one of the First Families of Virginia....
25 24 25-
Melvin Alvah Traylor
Melvin Alvah Traylor

Melvin Alvah Traylor , the eldest of seven children of James Milton Traylor and Kitty Frances Traylor nee Harvey. He was an United States lawyer and banker....
42.5 40 40 -
James A. Reed
James A. Reed

James Alexander Reed was an American United States Democratic Party politician from Missouri.Reed was born on a farm in Richland County, Ohio....
24 1827-
Albert Ritchie
Albert Ritchie

Albert Cabell Ritchie , a member of the United States Democratic Party, was the 49th Governor of Maryland in the United States from 1920 to 1935....
21 23 23-
William H. Murray
William H. Murray

William Henry Davis "Alfalfa Bill" Murray was an United States teacher, lawyer, and politician from Oklahoma. He was the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, United States House of Representatives, and Governor of Oklahoma....
23 - --
Will Rogers
Will Rogers

William Penn Adair ?Will? Rogers was a Cherokee-United States cowboy, comedian, humorist, social commentary, vaudeville performer and actor. He was the father of U.S....
 - 22--
Newton D. Baker
Newton D. Baker

Newton Diehl Baker, Jr. was an United States politician of the United States Democratic Party . He served as the 37th List of Mayors of Cleveland, Ohio of Cleveland, Ohio from 1912 to 1915 and as United States Secretary of War from 1916 to 1921....
 8.5 8.5 8.5-


Vice Presidential Ballot
Ballot 1
John Nance Garner
John Nance Garner

John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" was the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States ....
1154


The Democratic Party Platform included repeal of Prohibition
Prohibition

Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as The Noble Experiment, refers to a sumptuary law which prohibits alcohol....
 (devolving the decision of allowing or prohibiting alcohol to the individual states to decide for themselves).

Republican Party nomination

See also: 1932 Republican National Convention
1932 Republican National Convention

The 1932 Republican National Convention was held at Chicago Stadium in Chicago, Illinois, from June 14 to June 16, 1932. It renominated President Herbert Hoover and Vice President Charles Curtis for their respective positions....
  • John J. Blaine
    John J. Blaine

    John James Blaine was the 24th Governor of Wisconsin and a United States Senator. He was born in Wingville, Wisconsin, Sauk County, Wisconsin....
    , U.S. senator from Wisconsin
    Wisconsin

    Wisconsin is one of the fifty U.S. state in the United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States. It borders two of the five Great Lakes and four U.S....
  • Calvin Coolidge
    Calvin Coolidge

    John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . A Republican Party lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state....
    , former President of the United States
    President of the United States

    The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition....
     from Massachusetts
    Massachusetts

    The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a U.S. state located in the New England region of the Northeastern United States United States. It borders Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north....
  • Herbert Hoover
    Herbert Hoover

    Herbert Clark Hoover was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . Besides his political career, Hoover was a professional mining engineer and author....
    , President of the United States
    President of the United States

    The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition....
     from California
    California

    California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
  • Joseph Irwin France, former U.S. senator from Maryland
    Maryland

    Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic States of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the Washington, D.C. to the south and west, Pennsylvania to the north, and Delaware to the east....
  • James Wolcott Wadsworth, Jr., former U.S. senator from New York
    New York

    The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....


Candidates gallery


As the year 1932 began, the Republican Party still had hopes that the worst of the Depression was over; in any case President Herbert Hoover
Herbert Hoover

Herbert Clark Hoover was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . Besides his political career, Hoover was a professional mining engineer and author....
 controlled the party. Little-known former U.S. Senator Joseph Irwin France ran against Hoover in the primaries, often however, Hoover was unopposed. His primary wins were tempered by two events: first, Hoover entered the Maryland primary and defeated France in his home state; second, few delegates to the national convention were chosen in the primaries.

Hoover's managers at the Republican National Convention ran a tight ship, not allowing expressions of concern for the direction of the nation. Hoover was nominated on the first ballot with 98% of the delegate vote.

The tally was spectacularly lopsided:
Presidential Ballot, RNC 1932
President Herbert Hoover
Herbert Hoover

Herbert Clark Hoover was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . Besides his political career, Hoover was a professional mining engineer and author....
 		1126.5
U.S. Senator John J. Blaine
John J. Blaine

John James Blaine was the 24th Governor of Wisconsin and a United States Senator. He was born in Wingville, Wisconsin, Sauk County, Wisconsin....
 		13
Former President Calvin Coolidge
Calvin Coolidge

John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . A Republican Party lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state....
 		4.5
Former U.S. Senator Joseph Irwin France 4
James W. Wadsworth 1


Both the agricultural Republicans and the extreme hard money Republicans (the latter hoping to nominate Coolidge) balked at the floor managers and voted against the renomination of Vice President Charles Curtis
Charles Curtis

  Charles Curtis was a United States United States House of Representatives, a longtime United States Senate from Kansas elected to Senate Majority Leader, as well as the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States....
, who won with just 55% of the delegate votes.

General election


Campaign

After making a dangerous airplane trip from his Hyde Park estate to the Democratic convention, Roosevelt accepted the nomination in person. In this history-making speech, he committed himself to battling the Great Depression in the United States
Great Depression in the United States

The Great Depression in the United States began on "Black Tuesday" with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and rapidly spread worldwide. The market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth and personal advancement....
 with a "New Deal
New Deal

The New Deal was the name that United States President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to a sequence of central economic planning and economic stimulus programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of giving aid to the unemployed, reform of business and financial practices, and recovery of the Economy of the Unite...
" when he stated: "I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people." Roosevelt's trip to Chicago was the first of several successful, precedent-making moves designed to make him appear to be the candidate of change in the election. Large crowds greeted Roosevelt as he traveled around the nation; his campaign song "Happy Days Are Here Again
Happy Days Are Here Again

"Happy Days Are Here Again" is a song copyrighted in 1929 by Milton Ager and Jack Yellen and published by EMI Robbins Catalog, Inc./Advanced Music Corp.....
" became one of the most popular in American political history.

Hoover Campaign
In contrast, Hoover was widely blamed for the Great Depression; for more than two years, Hoover had been issuing statements that the worst was over, only to have the economy make further downturns. Along with the anti-sentiment from the deaths of veterans in the Bonus Army incident his chances of a second term were slim to none. Hoover's attempts to campaign in public were a disaster, as he often had objects (especially rotten fruit and vegetables) thrown at him or his vehicle as he rode through city streets. In his addresses, Hoover attacked Roosevelt as a dangerous radical who would only make the Depression worse by raising taxes and increasing the federal debt to pay for expensive welfare and social-relief programs. However, with unemployment at 23.6%, Hoover's criticisms of the New Deal plan did nothing more than further lower his popularity with the public and it was said that "Even a vaguely talented dog-catcher could have been elected president against the Republicans...".

Hoover called Roosevelt a "chameleon in plaid" and Roosevelt called Hoover a "fat, timid capon." In the last days of campaigning, Hoover criticized Roosevelt's "nonsense ... tirades ... glittering generalizations ... ignorance" and "defamation."

The election was held on November 8, 1932. Maine
Maine

The State of Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, New Hampshire to the southwest, the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast....
 held separate state elections in September.

1932 was a realigning election
Realigning election

Realigning election or political realignment are terms from political science and political history describing a dramatic change in the political system....
. Roosevelt and the Democratic ticket won a sweeping victory over Hoover and the Republicans, extending their control over the U.S. House and gaining control of the U.S. Senate. Twelve years of Republican leadership came to an end, and 20 consecutive years of Democratic control of the White House would ensue. Until 1932, the Republicans had controlled the Presidency for 56 of the previous 72 years, dating to Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States. He successfully led the country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery....
's election in 1860. After 1932, the Democrats would control the Presidency for 28 of the next 36 years, until the 1968 presidential election created a new alignment which favored the Republicans (cemented in 1980). The vote for Roosevelt was nearly eight million higher than that for Smith in 1928, an increase of 52%. Hoover's popular vote was reduced by 26% from his result in the 1928 election. In addition, the vote for most minor parties rose dramatically: increases of 230% for the Socialist Party (Norman Thomas's highest raw vote total of his campaigns); an increase of 112% for the Communist Party
Communist Party USA

The Communist Party of the United States of America is a Marxist-Leninist political party in the United States.The CPUSA is based in New York City, its newspaper, originally The Daily Worker, is today the People's Weekly World, and its monthly magazine is Political Affairs Magazine....
; an increase of 305% for the Prohibition Party; and an increase of 57% for the Socialist Labor Party.

Hoover's 17.76% margin of loss is the largest-ever margin of defeat for an incumbent President to date. He lost 42 of 48 states.

Results

Source (Popular Vote): Source (Electoral Vote):

Close States

Margin of victory less than 10%:
  1. Connecticut, 1.1%
  2. New Hampshire, 1.4%
  3. New Jersey, 1.9%
  4. Delaware, 2.4%
  5. Ohio, 2.9%
  6. Massachusetts, 4.0%
  7. Pennsylvania, 5.5%
  8. Michigan, 7.9%
  9. Kansas, 9.4%


Results by state

>

Franklin Roosevelt

Democratic		Herbert Hoover

Republican		Norman Thomas

Socialist		OtherState Total
Stateelectoral
votes		#%electoral
votes		#%electoral
votes		#%electoral
votes		#%electoral
votes		#
Alabama11207,91084.71134,67514.1
2,0300.8
7390.3
245,354AL
Arizona379,26467.0336,10430.5
2,6182.2
2650.2
118,251AZ
Arkansas9189,60286.0928,46712.9
1,2690.6
1,2240.6
220,562AR
California221,324,15758.422847,90237.4
63,2992.8
32,6081.4
2,267,966CA
Colorado6250,87754.86189,61741.4
13,5913.0
3,6110.8
457,696CO
Connecticut8281,63247.4
288,42048.5820,8403.5
3,6510.6
594,183CT
Delaware354,31948.1
57,07350.631,3761.2
1330.1
112,901DE
Florida7206,30774.7769,17025.0
7750.3
not on ballot276,252FL
Georgia12234,11891.61219,8637.8
4610.2
1,1480.5
255,590GA
Idaho4109,47958.7471,41738.3
5260.3
5,2032.8
186,625ID
Illinois291,882,30455.2291,432,75642.0
67,2582.0
25,6080.8
3,407,926IL
Indiana14862,05454.714677,18442.9
21,3881.4
16,3011.0
1,576,927IN
Iowa11598,01957.711414,43340.0
20,4672.00
3,7680.4
1,036,687IA
Kansas9424,20453.69349,49844.1
18,2762.3
not on ballot791,978KS
Kentucky11580,57459.111394,71640.2
3,8530.4
3,9200.4
983,063KY
Louisiana10249,41892.81018,8537.0
not on ballot5330.2
268,804LA
Maine5128,90743.2
166,63155.852,4890.8
4170.1
298,444ME
Maryland8314,31461.58184,18436.0
10,4892.1
2,0670.4
511,054MD
Massachusetts17800,14850.617736,95946.6
34,3052.2
8,7020.6
1,580,114MA
Michigan19871,70052.419739,89444.4
39,2052.4
13,9660.8
1,664,765MI
Minnesota11600,80659.911363,95936.3
25,4762.5
12,6021.3
1,002,843MN
Mississippi9140,16896.095,1803.4
6860.5
not on ballot146,034MS
Missouri151,025,40663.715564,71335.1
16,3741.0
3,4010.2
1,609,894MO
Montana4127,28658.8478,07836.1
7,8913.7
3,2241.5
216,479MT
Nebraska7359,08263.07201,17735.3
9,8761.7
20.0
570,137NE
Nevada328,75669.4312,67430.6
not on ballot41,430NV
New Hampshire4100,68049.0
103,62950.449470.5
2640.1
205,520NH
New Jersey16806,39449.516775,40647.6
42,9882.6
4,7190.3
1,629,507NJ
New Mexico395,08962.7354,21735.8
1,7761.2
5240.4
151,606NM
New York472,534,95954.1471,937,96341.3
177,3973.8
38,2950.8
4,688,614NY
North Carolina13497,56669.913208,34429.3
5,5910.8
not on ballot711,501NC
North Dakota4178,35069.6471,77228.0
3,5211.4
2,6471.0
256,290ND
Ohio261,301,69549.9261,227,31947.0
64,0942.5
16,6200.6
2,609,728OH
Oklahoma11516,46873.311188,16526.7
not on ballot704,633OK
Oregon5213,87158.05136,01936.7
15,4504.2
3,4680.9
368,808OR
Pennsylvania361,295,94845.3
1,453,54050.83691,2233.2
18,4660.7
2,859,177PA
Rhode Island4146,60455.14115,26643.3
3,1381.2
1,1620.4
266,170RI
South Carolina8102,34798.081,9781.9
820.1
not on ballot104,407SC
South Dakota4183,51563.6499,21234.4
1,5510.5
4,1601.4
288,438SD
Tennessee11259,47366.511126,75232.5
1,7960.5
2,2350.6
390,256TN
Texas23760,34888.12397,95911.4
4,4500.5
6690.1
836,426TX
Utah4116,75056.5484,79541.1
4,0872.0
9460.5
206,578UT
Vermont356,26641.1
78,98457.731,5331.1
1970.1
136,980VT
Virginia11203,97968.51189,63730.1
2,3820.8
1,9440.7
297,942VA
Washington8353,26057.58208,64533.9
17,0802.8
35,8295.8
614,814WA
West Virginia8405,12454.58330,73144.5
5,1330.7
2,7860.4
743,774WV
Wisconsin12707,41063.512347,74131.2
53,3794.8
6,2780.6
1,114,808WI
Wyoming354,37056.1339,58340.8
2,8292.9
1800.2
96,962WY
TOTALS:53122,821,27757.447215,761,25439.759884,8852.2
284,4820.7
39,751,898

TO WIN:266


Bibliography

  • Kristi Andersen, The Creation of a Democratic Majority: 1928-1936 (1979), statistical
  • James McGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox (1956)
  • Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: The Triumph (1956)
  • Frank Freidel, "Election of 1932", in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., ed., The Coming to Power: Critical Presidential Elections in American History (1981),
  • Harold F. Gosnell, Champion Campaigner: Franklin D. Roosevelt (1952)
  • Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Great Depression, 1929-1941 (1952)
  • Roy V. Peel and Thomas C. Donnelly, The 1932 Campaign: An Analysis (1935)
  • Donald A. Ritchie, Electing FDR: The New Deal Campaign of 1932 (2007)
  • Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. The Crisis of the Old Order (1957),
  • Jeff Campbell USA 2004.


See also

  • United States Senate election, 1932
    United States Senate election, 1932

    The U.S. Senate election of 1932 coincided with United States Democratic Party Franklin Delano Roosevelt's crushing defeat of incumbent Herbert Hoover in the U.S....
  • United States House election, 1932
    United States House election, 1932

    The U.S. House election, 1932 was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1932 which coincided with the landslide election of President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt....
  • History of the United States (1918-1945)


External links

  • - Michael Sheppard, Michigan State University


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