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United Nations Conference on Trade and Development



 
 
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body. It is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly
United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly is one of the five principal United Nations System and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation....
 dealing with trade, investment and development issues.

The organization's goals are to "maximize the trade
International trade

International trade is exchange of Capital , goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, it represents a significant share of gross domestic product ....
, investment
Foreign direct investment

Foreign direct investment in its classic form is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country....
 and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis." (from official website).






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The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body. It is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly
United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly is one of the five principal United Nations System and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation....
 dealing with trade, investment and development issues.

The organization's goals are to "maximize the trade
International trade

International trade is exchange of Capital , goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, it represents a significant share of gross domestic product ....
, investment
Foreign direct investment

Foreign direct investment in its classic form is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country....
 and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis." (from official website). The creation of the conference was based on concerns of developing countries over the international market, multi-national corporations, and great disparity between developed nations and developing nations.

In the 1970s and 1980s, UNCTAD was closely associated with the idea of a New International Economic Order
New International Economic Order

The New International Economic Order was a set of proposals put forward during the 1970s by developing countries through the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to promote their interests by improving their terms of trade, increasing development assistance, developed-country tariff reductions, and other means....
 (NIEO).

Currently, UNCTAD has 193 member States and is headquartered in Geneva
Geneva

Geneva is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie . Situated where the Rh?ne River exits Lake Geneva , it is the capital of the Canton of Geneva....
, Switzerland
Switzerland

Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....
. UNCTAD has 400 staff members and an annual regular budget of approximately US$50 million and US$25 million of extrabudgetary technical assistance funds.

Meetings

The inter-governmental work is done at 5 levels of meetings:
  • The UNCTAD Conference - held every 4 years;
    • UNCTAD XIII will be held in Doha
      Doha

      Doha is the capital city of Qatar. With a population of 400,051 according to the 2005 census, it is located in the Ad Dawhah municipality on the Persian Gulf....
      , Qatar
      Qatar

      Qatar , officially the State of Qatar , is an Arab emirate in Southwest Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the larger Arabian Peninsula....
       in 2012
    • UNCTAD XII was held in Accra
      Accra

      Accra is the capital city, and most populous city of Ghana, a nation on the coast of the western region of Africa. The city also doubles as the capital of the Greater Accra Region, and of the Accra Metropolis District with which it is coterminous....
      , Ghana
      Ghana

      The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders C?te d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south....
       in 21-25 April 2008
    • UNCTAD XI was held in São Paulo
      São Paulo

      S?o Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, and along with Tokyo, Seoul and Mexico City is among the four largest metropolitan regions of the world....
      , Brazil
      Brazil

      Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
       in 13-18 June 2004
    • UNCTAD X was held in Bangkok
      Bangkok

      The city of Bangkok is the Capital , largest urban area and primary city of Thailand. Known in Thai language as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or Krung Thep for short, it was a small trading post at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Kingdom and came to the forefront of Thailand when it was given the status as the...
      , Thailand
      Thailand

      The Kingdom of Thailand is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Laos and Myanmar, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and Myanmar....
       in 12-19 February 2000
    • UNCTAD IX was held in Midrand
      Midrand, Gauteng

      Midrand is in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was established as a Local Municipality in 1981, but was incorporated into Former Region 2 of the City of Johannesburg during the late 1990's and as of 2006, when the number of regions where reduced to seven, it forms part of Region A ....
      , South Africa
      South Africa

      The Republic of South Africa, also known by Official names of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa....
       in 27 April – 11 May 1996
    • UNCTAD VIII was held in Cartagena
      Cartagena, Colombia

      Cartagena de Indias , is a port city on the northern coast of Colombia and capital of Bol?var Department. The metropolitan area has a population of 1,240,000, and the city proper 1,090,000 ....
      , Colombia
      Colombia

      Colombia , officially the Republic of Colombia , is a country in north-western South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the north west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean....
       in 8-25 February 1992


  • The UNCTAD Trade and Development Board - the Board manages the work of UNCTAD in between two Conferences and meets up to three times every year;
  • Four UNCTAD Commissions and one Working Party - these meet more often than the Board in order to take up policy, programme and budgetary issues;
  • Expert Meetings - the Commissions will convene expert meetings on selected topics in order to provide substantive and expert input for Commission policy discussions.


Reports

UNCTAD produces a number of topical reports, including:

  • The Trade and Development Report
  • The Trade and Environment Review
  • The World Investment Report
  • The Economic Development in Africa Report
  • The Least Developed Countries Report
  • UNCTAD Statistics
  • The Information Economy Report
  • The Review of Maritime Transport
  • The International Accounting and Reporting Issues Annual Review


Panel of Eminent Persons

In October 2005, UNCTAD created the Panel of Eminent Persons "to enhance the development role and impact of UNCTAD." The panel had eight eminent persons who were "knowledgeable of development issues and with international standing in the field." It advised the UNCTAD Secretary-General and examined the best strategies for UNCTAD to meet its development mission and mandates as stated in the Bangkok Plan of Action and the São Paulo Consensus.

Eminent Persons

  • Fernando Henrique Cardoso
    Fernando Henrique Cardoso

    "Fernando Henrique" redirects here. For the Brazilian goalkeeper, see Fernando Henrique dos Anjos.Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Privy Councillor - also known by his initials FHC - was the 34th President of the Federative Republic of Brazil for two terms from January 1, 1995 to January 1, 2003....
     (Chairman), former President of Brazil
    Brazil

    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
  • Gro Harlem Brundtland
    Gro Harlem Brundtland

    is a Norway politician, diplomat, and physician, and an international leader in sustainable development and public health. She is a former Prime Minister of Norway, and has served as the Director General of the World Health Organization....
    , former Director General of the World Health Organization
    World Health Organization

    The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health....
     and former Prime Minister of Norway
    Norway

    Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula....
  • Jagdish Bhagwati
    Jagdish Bhagwati

    Jagdish Natwarlal Bhagwati is a economics known for his advocacy of free trade. He is a University Professor at Columbia University....
    , Professor of Economics and Law at Columbia University
    Columbia University

    Columbia University in the City of New York , is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia's main campus lies in the Morningside Heights, Manhattan neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, in New York City....
  • Joaquim Chissano
    Joaquim Chissano

    Joaquim Alberto Chissano served as the second Heads of state of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 until 2 February 2005. Since stepping down as president, Chissano has become an statesman and is called upon by international bodies, such as the United Nations, to be an Diplomacy or negotiation....
    , former President of Mozambique
    Mozambique

    Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest....
  • Tarja Halonen
    Tarja Halonen

    Tarja Kaarina Halonen is the current President of Finland. She began her first six-year term of office in 2000 and was re-elected on January 29, 2006....
    , President of Finland
    Finland

    Finland , officially the Republic of Finland , is a Nordic countries situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland....
  • Yongtu Long, Secretary-General of Boao Forum for Asia
    Boao Forum for Asia

    Boao Forum for Asia , abbreviated as BFA, is a non-governmental, not-for-profit international organization modelled after the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland....
    , former Vice Minister of Trade and Economic Cooperation
    Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China

    The Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China , formerly Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation is an executive agency of the State Council of the People's Republic of China....
    , and Chief Trade Representative of China
    People's Republic of China

    The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
  • Benjamin Mkapa
    Benjamin Mkapa

    Benjamin William Mkapa is a former List of Presidents of Tanzania of the United Republic of Tanzania and former Chairman for the Revolutionary State Party ....
    , former President of Tanzania
    Tanzania

    Tanzania , officially the United Republic of Tanzania , is a country in East Africa that is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on the south....
  • Lawrence Summers
    Lawrence Summers

    Lawrence Henry "Larry" Summers is an American economist and the head of the White House's National Economic Council for President Barack Obama....
    , former President of Harvard University
    Harvard University

    Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States, and a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1636 by the colonial Massachusetts legislature, Harvard is the Colonial Colleges institution of higher learning in the United States....
    , former Chief Economist
    World Bank Chief Economist

    The position of World Bank Chief Economist is one of the most influential in economics. The full title is Senior Vice President, Development Economics, and Chief Economist....
     of the World Bank
    World Bank

    The World Bank is a bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty....
    , former Secretary of the Treasury
    United States Secretary of the Treasury

    The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and, until 2003, some issues of national security and defense....
     of the United States
    United States

    The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...


Other

UNCTAD also conducts various technical cooperation programmes such as ASYCUDA
ASYCUDA

The Automated System for Customs Data is a computerized system designed by the UNCTAD to administer a countrie's customs. In 2004 there were more than 50 operational project with expenditures exeeding 7 million US$....
, DMFAS
DMFAS

The DMFAS Programme is a United Nations programme based in UNCTAD, in Geneva. The objectives of the DMFAS Programme are to assist countries develop administrative, institutional and legal structures for effective debt management; to provide technical assistance to government offices in charge of debt management; to deploy and advance debt an...
, EMPRETEC
EMPRETEC

Empretec is a United Nations programme established by UNCTAD to promote the creation of sustainable small- and medium-sized enterprises . Empretec works to support entrepreneurs to build innovative and internationally competitive SMEs....
 and WAIPA
WAIPA

The World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies, or WAIPA, is an international Non-governmental organization hosted by UNCTAD that acts as a forum for investment promotion agency, provides networking and promotes best practice in investment promotion....
.

In addition, UNCTAD conducts certain technical cooperation in collaboration with the World Trade Organization
World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization is an international organization designed to supervise and Free trade international trade. The WTO came into being on 1 January 1995, and is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which was created in 1947, and continued to operate for almost five decades as a de facto international org...
 through the joint International Trade Centre (ITC), a technical cooperation agency targeting operational and enterprise-oriented aspects of trade development.

UNCTAD hosts the Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR)

Complete List of Secretaries-General and Officers-in-Charge



See also

  • International trade
    International trade

    International trade is exchange of Capital , goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, it represents a significant share of gross domestic product ....
  • Foreign direct investment
    Foreign direct investment

    Foreign direct investment in its classic form is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country....
  • List of countries by received FDI
    List of countries by received FDI

    This article includes a list of countries of the world sorted by received Foreign direct investment stock, the level of accumulated FDI in a country....


External links



Bibliography

  • Paul Berthoud, , 2008, worked with UNCTAD and offers testimony from the .