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Uniform polyhedron



 
 
A uniform
Uniform polytope

A uniform polytope is a vertex-transitive polytope made from uniform polytope Facet . A uniform polytope must also have only regular polygon faces....
 polyhedron
is a polyhedron
Polyhedron

|}A polyhedron is often defined as a geometry object with flat faces and straight edges .This definition of a polyhedron is not very precise, and to a modern mathematician is quite unsatisfactory....
 which has regular polygon
Regular polygon

A regular polygon is a polygon which is Equiangular polygon and equilateral . Regular polygons may be convex or Star polygon....
s as faces
Face (geometry)

In geometry, a face of a polyhedron is any of the polygons that make up its boundaries. For example, any of the square s that bound a cube is a face of the cube....
 and is transitive on its vertices
Vertex (geometry)

In geometry, a vertex is a special kind of point which describes the corners or intersections of geometric shapes. Vertices are commonly used in computer graphics to define the corners of surfaces in 3d models, where each such point is given as a vector....
 (i.e. there is an isometry
Isometry

In mathematics, an isometry, isometric isomorphism or congruence mapping is a distance-preserving isomorphism between metric spaces....
 mapping any vertex onto any other). It follows that all vertices are congruent
Congruence (geometry)

In geometry, two sets of point are called congruent if one can be transformed into the other by an isometry, i.e., a combination of translation s, rotations and reflection s....
, and the polyhedron has a high degree of reflectional and rotational symmetry
Symmetry

Symmetry generally conveys two primary meanings. The first is an imprecise sense of harmonious or aesthetically-pleasing proportionality and balance; such that it reflects beauty or perfection....
.

Uniform polyhedra may be regular
Regular polyhedron

A regular polyhedron is a polyhedron whose faces are Congruence regular polygons which are assembled in the same way around each vertex. A regular polyhedron is highly symmetrical, being all of edge-transitive, vertex-transitive and face-transitive - i.e....
, quasi-regular
Quasiregular polyhedron

A polyhedron which has regular faces and is transitive on its edges but not transitive on its faces is said to be quasiregular.A quasiregular polyhedron can have faces of only two kinds and these must alternate around each vertex....
 or semi-regular
Semiregular polyhedron

A semiregular polyhedron is a polyhedron with regular polygon faces and a symmetry group which is transitive on its vertices. Or at least, that is what follows from Thorold Gosset's 1900 definition of the more general semiregular polytope....
. The faces and vertices need not be convex
Convex set

In Euclidean space, an object is convex if for every pair of points within the object, every point on the straight line segment that joins them is also within the object....
, so many of the uniform polyhedra are also star polyhedra
Star polyhedron

In geometry, a star polyhedron is a polyhedron which has some repetitive quality of nonconvex polygon giving it a star-like visual quality.There are two general kinds of star polyhedron:...
.

Excluding the infinite set
Infinite set

In set theory, an infinite set is a Set that is not a finite set. Infinite sets may be countable set or uncountable set. Some examples are:* the set of all integers, , is a countably infinite set; and...
s, there are 75 uniform polyhedra (or 76 if edges are allowed to coincide).

Categories include:

They can also be grouped by their symmetry group
Symmetry group

The symmetry group of an object is the group of all isometries under which it is invariant with Function composition as the operation. It is a subgroup of the isometry group of the space concerned....
, which is done below.

blished the list of uniform polyhedra. proved their conjecture that the list was complete. independently proved the completeness, and showed that if the definition of uniform polyhedron is relaxed to allow edges to coincide then there is just one extra possibility.

numbering schemes for the uniform polyhedra are in common use, distinguished by letters:



>

Convex forms by Wythoff construction
The convex uniform polyhedra can be named by Wythoff construction
Wythoff construction

File:Wythoffian_construction_diagram.pngIn geometry, a Wythoff construction, named after mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff, is a method for constructing a uniform polyhedron or plane tiling....
 operations and can be named in relation to the regular form.

In more detail the convex uniform polyhedron are given below by their Wythoff construction
Wythoff construction

File:Wythoffian_construction_diagram.pngIn geometry, a Wythoff construction, named after mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff, is a method for constructing a uniform polyhedron or plane tiling....
 within each symmetry group.

Within the Wythoff construction, there are repetitions created by lower symmetry forms. The cube is a regular polyhedron, and a square prism.






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A uniform
Uniform polytope

A uniform polytope is a vertex-transitive polytope made from uniform polytope Facet . A uniform polytope must also have only regular polygon faces....
 polyhedron
is a polyhedron
Polyhedron

|}A polyhedron is often defined as a geometry object with flat faces and straight edges .This definition of a polyhedron is not very precise, and to a modern mathematician is quite unsatisfactory....
 which has regular polygon
Regular polygon

A regular polygon is a polygon which is Equiangular polygon and equilateral . Regular polygons may be convex or Star polygon....
s as faces
Face (geometry)

In geometry, a face of a polyhedron is any of the polygons that make up its boundaries. For example, any of the square s that bound a cube is a face of the cube....
 and is transitive on its vertices
Vertex (geometry)

In geometry, a vertex is a special kind of point which describes the corners or intersections of geometric shapes. Vertices are commonly used in computer graphics to define the corners of surfaces in 3d models, where each such point is given as a vector....
 (i.e. there is an isometry
Isometry

In mathematics, an isometry, isometric isomorphism or congruence mapping is a distance-preserving isomorphism between metric spaces....
 mapping any vertex onto any other). It follows that all vertices are congruent
Congruence (geometry)

In geometry, two sets of point are called congruent if one can be transformed into the other by an isometry, i.e., a combination of translation s, rotations and reflection s....
, and the polyhedron has a high degree of reflectional and rotational symmetry
Symmetry

Symmetry generally conveys two primary meanings. The first is an imprecise sense of harmonious or aesthetically-pleasing proportionality and balance; such that it reflects beauty or perfection....
.

Uniform polyhedra may be regular
Regular polyhedron

A regular polyhedron is a polyhedron whose faces are Congruence regular polygons which are assembled in the same way around each vertex. A regular polyhedron is highly symmetrical, being all of edge-transitive, vertex-transitive and face-transitive - i.e....
, quasi-regular
Quasiregular polyhedron

A polyhedron which has regular faces and is transitive on its edges but not transitive on its faces is said to be quasiregular.A quasiregular polyhedron can have faces of only two kinds and these must alternate around each vertex....
 or semi-regular
Semiregular polyhedron

A semiregular polyhedron is a polyhedron with regular polygon faces and a symmetry group which is transitive on its vertices. Or at least, that is what follows from Thorold Gosset's 1900 definition of the more general semiregular polytope....
. The faces and vertices need not be convex
Convex set

In Euclidean space, an object is convex if for every pair of points within the object, every point on the straight line segment that joins them is also within the object....
, so many of the uniform polyhedra are also star polyhedra
Star polyhedron

In geometry, a star polyhedron is a polyhedron which has some repetitive quality of nonconvex polygon giving it a star-like visual quality.There are two general kinds of star polyhedron:...
.

Excluding the infinite set
Infinite set

In set theory, an infinite set is a Set that is not a finite set. Infinite sets may be countable set or uncountable set. Some examples are:* the set of all integers, , is a countably infinite set; and...
s, there are 75 uniform polyhedra (or 76 if edges are allowed to coincide).

Categories include:
  • Infinite sets of uniform prisms and antiprisms
    Prismatic uniform polyhedron

    A prismatic uniform polyhedron is a uniform polyhedron with Dihedral symmetry in three dimensions. They exist in two infinite families, the uniform Prism and the uniform antiprisms....
     (including star forms)
  • 5 Platonic solid
    Platonic solid

    In geometry, a Platonic solid is a convex set polyhedron that is regular polyhedron, in the sense of a regular polygon. Specifically, the faces of a Platonic solid are congruence regular polygons, with the same number of faces meeting at each vertex....
    s - regular convex polyhedra
  • 4 Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra - regular nonconvex polyhedra
  • 13 Archimedean solid
    Archimedean solid

    In geometry an Archimedean solid is a highly symmetric, semi-regular convex set polyhedron composed of two or more types of regular polygons meeting in identical vertex ....
    s - quasiregular
    Quasiregular polyhedron

    A polyhedron which has regular faces and is transitive on its edges but not transitive on its faces is said to be quasiregular.A quasiregular polyhedron can have faces of only two kinds and these must alternate around each vertex....
     and semiregular
    Semiregular polyhedron

    A semiregular polyhedron is a polyhedron with regular polygon faces and a symmetry group which is transitive on its vertices. Or at least, that is what follows from Thorold Gosset's 1900 definition of the more general semiregular polytope....
     convex polyhedra
  • 14 nonconvex polyhedra with convex faces
    List of uniform polyhedra

    Uniform polyhedra and tilings form a well studied group. They are listed here for quick comparison of their properties and varied naming schemes and symbols....
  • 39 nonconvex polyhedra with nonconvex faces
    List of uniform polyhedra

    Uniform polyhedra and tilings form a well studied group. They are listed here for quick comparison of their properties and varied naming schemes and symbols....
  • 1 polyhedron found by John Skilling
    John Skilling

    John Skilling was a civil engineer and architect, best known for being the chief structural engineer of the World Trade Center....
     with pairs of edges that coincide, called Great disnub dirhombidodecahedron
    Great disnub dirhombidodecahedron

    In geometry, the Great disnub dirhombidodecahedron, also called Skilling's figure, is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron.John Skilling discovered this one further uniform polyhedron, by relaxing the condition that only two faces may meet at an edge....
     (Skilling's figure).


They can also be grouped by their symmetry group
Symmetry group

The symmetry group of an object is the group of all isometries under which it is invariant with Function composition as the operation. It is a subgroup of the isometry group of the space concerned....
, which is done below.

History

  • The Platonic solid
    Platonic solid

    In geometry, a Platonic solid is a convex set polyhedron that is regular polyhedron, in the sense of a regular polygon. Specifically, the faces of a Platonic solid are congruence regular polygons, with the same number of faces meeting at each vertex....
    s date back to the classical Greeks and were studied by Plato
    Plato

    Plato , was a Classical Greece Greeks philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Platonic Academy in Ancient Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the western world....
    , Theaetetus
    Theaetetus (mathematician)

    Theaetetus of Athens, son of Euphronius, of the Athenian deme Sunium, was a classical Greece mathematician. His principal contributions were on irrational number lengths, which was included in Book X of Euclid's Elements, and proving that there are precisely five Platonic solid....
     and Euclid
    Euclid

    Euclid , floruit 300 BC, also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek mathematics and is often referred to as the Father of Geometry. He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I ....
    .
  • Johannes Kepler
    Johannes Kepler

    Johannes Kepler was a Germans mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, and key figure in the 17th century Scientific revolution. He is best known for his eponymous Kepler's laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astrononomy....
     (1571-1630) was the first to publish the complete list of Archimedean solid
    Archimedean solid

    In geometry an Archimedean solid is a highly symmetric, semi-regular convex set polyhedron composed of two or more types of regular polygons meeting in identical vertex ....
    s after the original work of Archimedes
    Archimedes

    Archimedes of Syracuse was a Greek mathematics, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity....
     was lost.
  • Kepler
    Johannes Kepler

    Johannes Kepler was a Germans mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, and key figure in the 17th century Scientific revolution. He is best known for his eponymous Kepler's laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astrononomy....
     (1619) discovered two of the regular Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra and Louis Poinsot
    Louis Poinsot

    Louis Poinsot was a France mathematician and physicist. Poinsot was the inventor of geometrical mechanics, showing how a system of forces acting on a rigid body could be resolved into a single force and a couple ....
     (1809) discovered the other two.
  • Of the remaining 66, Albert Badoureau (1881) discovered 37. Edmund Hess
    Edmund Hess

    Edmund Hess was a Germany mathematician who discovered several regular polytopes.See also* Schl?fli-Hess polychoron* Hess polytope...
     (1878) discovered 2 more and Pitsch (1881) independently discovered 18, of which 15 had not previously been discovered.
  • The geometer Donald Coxeter
    Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter

    Harold Scott MacDonald "Donald" Coxeter, Order of Canada is regarded as one of the great geometers of the 20th century. He was born in London but spent most of his life in Canada....
     discovered the remaining twelve in collaboration with J. C. P. Miller
    J. C. P. Miller

    Jeffrey Charles Percy Miller was an England mathematician and computing pioneer. He worked in number theory and on geometry, particularly polyhedra, where Miller's monster refers to the Great dirhombicosidodecahedron....
     (1930-1932) but did not publish. M.S. and H.C. Longuet-Higgins and independently discovered 11 of these.
published the list of uniform polyhedra. proved their conjecture that the list was complete.
  • In 1974, Magnus Wenninger
    Magnus Wenninger

    Father Magnus J. Wenninger Order of Saint Benedict is a mathematician who works on uniform polyhedra, and wrote the first book on their construction....
     published his book Polyhedron models
    List of Wenninger polyhedron models

    This table contains an indexed list of the Uniform and stellated polyhedra from the book Polyhedron Models, by Magnus Wenninger.The book was written as a guide book to building polyhedra as physical models....
    , which lists all 75 nonprismatic uniform polyhedra, with many previously unpublished names given to them by Norman Johnson.
independently proved the completeness, and showed that if the definition of uniform polyhedron is relaxed to allow edges to coincide then there is just one extra possibility.
  • In 1993, Zvi Har'El produced a complete kaleidoscopic construction of the uniform polyhedra and duals with a computer program called Kaleido, and summarized in a paper Uniform Solution for Uniform Polyhedra, counting figures 1-80.
  • Also in 1993, R. Mäder ported this Kaleido solution to Mathematica
    Mathematica

    Mathematica is a computational software program used widely in scientific, engineering, and mathematical fields and other areas of technical computing....
     with a slightly different indexing system.
  • In 2002 Peter W. Messer discovered a minimal set of closed-form expressions for determining the main combinatorial and metrical quantities of any uniform polyhedron (and its dual) given only its Wythoff symbol
    Wythoff symbol

    In geometry, a Wythoff symbol is a short-hand notation, created by mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff, for naming the regular and semiregular polyhedra using a Wythoff construction, by representing them as tilings on the surface of a sphere, Euclidean plane, or hyperbolic plane....
    .


Indexing

Four numbering schemes for the uniform polyhedra are in common use, distinguished by letters:

  • [C] Coxeter et al., 1954, showed the convex forms as figures 15 through 32; three prismatic forms, figures 33–35; and the nonconvex forms, figures 36–92.
  • [W] Wenninger, 1974, has 119 figures: 1-5 for the Platonic solids, 6-18 for the Archimedean solids, 19-66 for stellated forms including the 4 regular nonconvex polyhedra, and ended with 67-119 for the nonconvex uniform polyhedra.
  • [K] Kaleido, 1993: The 80 figures were grouped by symmetry: 1-5 as representatives of the infinite families of prismatic forms with dihedral symmetry
    Dihedral symmetry in three dimensions

    This article deals with three infinite series of point groups in three dimensions which have a symmetry group which as abstract group is a dihedral group Dihn ....
    , 6-9 with tetrahedral symmetry
    Tetrahedral symmetry

    A regular tetrahedron has 12 rotational symmetries, and a total of 24 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation....
    , 10-26 with Octahedral symmetry
    Octahedral symmetry

    A regular octahedron has 24 rotational symmetries, and a total of 48 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation. A cube has the same set of symmetries, since it is the dual polyhedron of an octahedron....
    , 46-80 with icosahedral symmetry
    Icosahedral symmetry

    File:Soccer ball.svgA regular icosahedron has 60 rotational symmetries, and a total of 120 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation....
    .
  • [U] Mathematica, 1993, follows the Kaleido series with the 5 prismatic forms moved to last, so that the nonprismatic forms become 1–75.


Nonconvex uniform polyhedra


The 57 nonprismatic nonconvex forms are compiled by Wythoff constructions within Schwarz triangle
Schwarz triangle

In mathematics, a Schwarz triangle is a spherical triangle that can be used to tessellation a sphere. Each Schwarz triangle defines a finite group — its triangle group....
s.

Main article: Nonconvex uniform polyhedron
Nonconvex uniform polyhedron

In geometry, a 'nonconvex uniform polyhedron', or 'uniform star polyhedron', is a self-intersecting uniform polyhedron. Each can contain either star polygon faces, star polygon vertex figures or both....


Convex forms by Wythoff construction


The convex uniform polyhedra can be named by Wythoff construction
Wythoff construction

File:Wythoffian_construction_diagram.pngIn geometry, a Wythoff construction, named after mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff, is a method for constructing a uniform polyhedron or plane tiling....
 operations and can be named in relation to the regular form.

In more detail the convex uniform polyhedron are given below by their Wythoff construction
Wythoff construction

File:Wythoffian_construction_diagram.pngIn geometry, a Wythoff construction, named after mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff, is a method for constructing a uniform polyhedron or plane tiling....
 within each symmetry group.

Within the Wythoff construction, there are repetitions created by lower symmetry forms. The cube is a regular polyhedron, and a square prism. The octahedron
Octahedron

An octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each wikt:vertex....
 is a regular polyhedron, and a triangular antiprism. The octahedron
Octahedron

An octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each wikt:vertex....
 is also a rectified tetrahedron. Many polyhedra are repeated from different construction sources and are colored differently.

The Wythoff construction applies equally to uniform polyhedra and uniform tilings on the surface of a sphere
Spherical polyhedron

In mathematics, the surface of a sphere may be divided by line segments into bounded regions, to form a spherical tessellation or spherical polyhedron....
, so images of both are given. The spherical tilings including the set of hosohedron
Hosohedron

An Polygon hosohedron is a tessellation of Lune s on a spherical surface, such that each lune shares the same two vertices. A regular n-gonal hosohedron has Schl?fli symbol ....
s and dihedron
Dihedron

A dihedron is a type of polyhedron, made of two polygon faces which share the same set of edges. It is Mathematical degeneracy if its faces are flat....
s which are degenerate polyhedra.

These symmetry groups are formed from the reflectional point groups in three dimensions
Point groups in three dimensions

In geometry, a point group in three dimensions is an isometry group in three dimensions that leaves the origin fixed, or correspondingly, an isometry group of a sphere....
, each represented by a fundamental triangle (p q r), where p>1, q>1, r>1 and 1/p+1/q+1/r<1.

  • Tetrahedral symmetry
    Tetrahedral symmetry

    A regular tetrahedron has 12 rotational symmetries, and a total of 24 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation....
     (3 3 2) - order 24
  • Octahedral symmetry
    Octahedral symmetry

    A regular octahedron has 24 rotational symmetries, and a total of 48 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation. A cube has the same set of symmetries, since it is the dual polyhedron of an octahedron....
     (4 3 2) - order 48
  • Icosahedral symmetry
    Icosahedral symmetry

    File:Soccer ball.svgA regular icosahedron has 60 rotational symmetries, and a total of 120 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation....
     (5 3 2) - order 60
  • Dihedral symmetry (n 2 2), for all n=3,4,5,... - order 4n


The remaining nonreflective forms are constructed by alternation operations applied to the polyhedra with an even number of sides.

Along with the prisms and their dihedral symmetry, the spherical Wythoff construction process adds two regular classes which become degenerate as polyhedra - the dihedra
Dihedron

A dihedron is a type of polyhedron, made of two polygon faces which share the same set of edges. It is Mathematical degeneracy if its faces are flat....
 and hosohedra
Hosohedron

An Polygon hosohedron is a tessellation of Lune s on a spherical surface, such that each lune shares the same two vertices. A regular n-gonal hosohedron has Schl?fli symbol ....
, the first having only two faces, and the second only two vertices. The truncation of the regular hosohedra creates the prisms.

Below the convex uniform polyhedra are indexed 1-18 for the nonprismatic forms as they are presented in the tables by symmetry form. Repeated forms are in brackets.

For the infinite set of prismatic forms, they are indexed in four families:
  1. Hosohedron
    Hosohedron

    An Polygon hosohedron is a tessellation of Lune s on a spherical surface, such that each lune shares the same two vertices. A regular n-gonal hosohedron has Schl?fli symbol ....
    s H2... (Only as spherical tilings)
  2. Dihedron
    Dihedron

    A dihedron is a type of polyhedron, made of two polygon faces which share the same set of edges. It is Mathematical degeneracy if its faces are flat....
    s D2... (Only as spherical tilings)
  3. Prisms
    Prism (geometry)

    In geometry, an n-sided prism is a polyhedron made of an n-sided polygon base, a Translation copy, and n faces joining corresponding sides....
     P3... (Truncated hosohedrons)
  4. Antiprism
    Antiprism

    An n-sided antiprism is a polyhedron composed of 2 parallel copies of some particular n-sided polygon, connected by an alternating band of triangles....
    s A3... (Snub prisms)


Summary tables


ParentTruncatedRectifiedBitruncated
(tr. dual)
Birectified
(dual)
CantellatedOmnitruncated
(Cantitruncated)
Snub
Extended
Schläfli symbol
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....
t0t0,1t1t1,2t2t0,2t0,1,2s
Wythoff symbol
Wythoff symbol

In geometry, a Wythoff symbol is a short-hand notation, created by mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff, for naming the regular and semiregular polyhedra using a Wythoff construction, by representing them as tilings on the surface of a sphere, Euclidean plane, or hyperbolic plane....

p-q-2
q | p 2 2 q | p 2 | p q 2 p | q p | q 2 p q | 2 p q 2 | | p q 2
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....
Vertex figure
Vertex configuration

In polyhedral geometry a vertex configuration is a short-hand notation for representing a polyhedron vertex figure as the sequence of faces around a vertex....
pq(q.2p.2p)(p.q.p.q)(p.2q.2q)qp(p.4.q.4)(4.2p.2q)(3.3.p.3.q)
Tetrahedral
Tetrahedral symmetry

A regular tetrahedron has 12 rotational symmetries, and a total of 24 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation....

3-3-2
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T0

Tetrahedron

A tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangle faces, three of which meet at each vertex . A regular tetrahedron is one in which the four triangles are regular, or "equilateral", and is one of the Platonic solids....
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T01

(3.6.6)
Truncated tetrahedron

The truncated tetrahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 4 regular hexagonal faces, 4 regular triangle faces, 12 vertices and 18 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T1

(3.3.3.3)
Octahedron

An octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each wikt:vertex....
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T12

(3.6.6)
Truncated tetrahedron

The truncated tetrahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 4 regular hexagonal faces, 4 regular triangle faces, 12 vertices and 18 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T2

Tetrahedron

A tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangle faces, three of which meet at each vertex . A regular tetrahedron is one in which the four triangles are regular, or "equilateral", and is one of the Platonic solids....
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T02

(3.4.3.4)
Cuboctahedron

In geometry, a cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with eight triangular faces and six square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertices, with two triangles and two squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a square....
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T012

(4.6.6)
Truncated octahedron

The truncated octahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 8 regular hexagonal faces, 6 Square faces, 24 vertices and 36 edges. Since each of its faces has point symmetry the truncated octahedron is a zonohedron....
Uniform Polyhedron 33 S012

(3.3.3.3.3)
Icosahedron

In geometry, an icosahedron isany polyhedron having 20 faces, but usually a regular icosahedron is implied, which has equilateral triangle s as faces....
Octahedral
Octahedral symmetry

A regular octahedron has 24 rotational symmetries, and a total of 48 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation. A cube has the same set of symmetries, since it is the dual polyhedron of an octahedron....

4-3-2
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T0

Cube

A cube is a three-dimensional space solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each wikt:vertex. The cube can also be called a Regular polyhedron hexahedron and is one of the five Platonic solids....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T01

(3.8.8)
Truncated cube

The truncated cube, or truncated hexahedron, is an Archimedean solid. It has 6 regular octagonal faces, 8 regular triangle faces, 24 vertices and 36 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T1

(3.4.3.4)
Cuboctahedron

In geometry, a cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with eight triangular faces and six square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertices, with two triangles and two squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a square....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T12

(4.6.6)
Truncated octahedron

The truncated octahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 8 regular hexagonal faces, 6 Square faces, 24 vertices and 36 edges. Since each of its faces has point symmetry the truncated octahedron is a zonohedron....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T2

Octahedron

An octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each wikt:vertex....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T02

(3.4.4.4)
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T012

(4.6.8)
Uniform Polyhedron 43 S012

(3.3.3.3.4)
Snub cube

The snub cube, or snub cuboctahedron, is an Archimedean solid.The snub cube has 38 faces, 6 of which are square s and the other 32 are equilateral triangles....
Icosahedral
Icosahedral symmetry

File:Soccer ball.svgA regular icosahedron has 60 rotational symmetries, and a total of 120 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation....

5-3-2
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T0

Dodecahedron

A dodecahedron is any polyhedron with twelve faces, but usually a regular dodecahedron is meant: a Platonic solid composed of twelve regular pentagonal faces, with three meeting at each vertex....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T01

(3.10.10)
Truncated dodecahedron

In geometry, the truncated dodecahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 12 regular decagonal faces, 20 regular triangle faces, 60 vertices and 90 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T1

(3.5.3.5)
Icosidodecahedron

An icosidodecahedron is a polyhedron with twenty triangular faces and twelve pentagonal faces. An icosidodecahedron has 30 identical vertices, with two triangles and two pentagons meeting at each, and 60 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a pentagon....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T12

(5.6.6)
Truncated icosahedron

The truncated icosahedron is an Archimedean solid. It comprises 12 regular pentagon faces, 20 regular hexagon faces, 60 vertices and 90 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T2

Icosahedron

In geometry, an icosahedron isany polyhedron having 20 faces, but usually a regular icosahedron is implied, which has equilateral triangle s as faces....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T02

(3.4.5.4)
Rhombicosidodecahedron

The rhombicosidodecahedron, or small rhombicosidodecahedron, is an Archimedean solid. It has 20 regular triangle faces, 30 square faces, 12 regular pentagonal faces, 60 vertices and 120 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T012

(4.6.10)
Truncated icosidodecahedron

The truncated icosidodecahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 30 square faces, 20 regular hexagonal faces, 12 regular decagonal faces, 120 vertices and 180 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 S012

(3.3.3.3.5)
Snub dodecahedron

The snub dodecahedron, or snub icosidodecahedron, is an Archimedean solid.The snub dodecahedron has 92 faces, of which 12 are pentagons and the other 80 are equilateral triangles....


And a sampling of Dihedral symmetries:

(p 2 2)ParentTruncatedRectifiedBitruncated
(tr. dual)
Birectified
(dual)
CantellatedOmnitruncated
(Cantitruncated)
Snub
Extended
Schläfli symbol
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....
t0t0,1t1t1,2t2t0,2t0,1,2s
Wythoff symbol
Wythoff symbol

In geometry, a Wythoff symbol is a short-hand notation, created by mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff, for naming the regular and semiregular polyhedra using a Wythoff construction, by representing them as tilings on the surface of a sphere, Euclidean plane, or hyperbolic plane....
2 | p 2 2 2 | p 2 | p 2 2 p | 2 p | 2 2 p 2 | 2 p 2 2 | | p 2 2
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....
Vertex figure
Vertex configuration

In polyhedral geometry a vertex configuration is a short-hand notation for representing a polyhedron vertex figure as the sequence of faces around a vertex....
p2(2.2p.2p)(p.2.p.2)(p.4.4)2p(p.4.2.4)(4.2p.4)(3.3.p.3.2)
Dihedral
(2 2 2)

Dihedron

A dihedron is a type of polyhedron, made of two polygon faces which share the same set of edges. It is Mathematical degeneracy if its faces are flat....
2.4.4
2.2.2.2

4.4.2

Hosohedron

An Polygon hosohedron is a tessellation of Lune s on a spherical surface, such that each lune shares the same two vertices. A regular n-gonal hosohedron has Schl?fli symbol ....
2.4.2.4
Tetragonal Prism

4.4.4
Tetrahedron

3.3.3.2
Dihedral
(3 2 2)

Dihedron

A dihedron is a type of polyhedron, made of two polygon faces which share the same set of edges. It is Mathematical degeneracy if its faces are flat....
Hexagonal Dihedron

2.6.6
2.3.2.3
Triangular Prism

4.4.3

Hosohedron

An Polygon hosohedron is a tessellation of Lune s on a spherical surface, such that each lune shares the same two vertices. A regular n-gonal hosohedron has Schl?fli symbol ....
2.4.3.4
4.4.6
Trigonal Antiprism

3.3.3.3
Dihedral
(4 2 2)
Dihedron

A dihedron is a type of polyhedron, made of two polygon faces which share the same set of edges. It is Mathematical degeneracy if its faces are flat....
2.8.8 2.4.2.4
Tetragonal Prism

4.4.4

Hosohedron

An Polygon hosohedron is a tessellation of Lune s on a spherical surface, such that each lune shares the same two vertices. A regular n-gonal hosohedron has Schl?fli symbol ....
2.4.4.4
Octagonal Prism

4.4.8
Square Antiprism

3.3.3.4
Dihedral
(5 2 2)
Dihedron

A dihedron is a type of polyhedron, made of two polygon faces which share the same set of edges. It is Mathematical degeneracy if its faces are flat....
2.10.10 2.5.2.5
Pentagonal Prism

4.4.5
Hosohedron

An Polygon hosohedron is a tessellation of Lune s on a spherical surface, such that each lune shares the same two vertices. A regular n-gonal hosohedron has Schl?fli symbol ....
2.4.5.4
Decagonal Prism

4.4.10
Pentagonal Antiprism

3.3.3.5
Dihedral
(6 2 2)
Hexagonal Dihedron

Dihedron

A dihedron is a type of polyhedron, made of two polygon faces which share the same set of edges. It is Mathematical degeneracy if its faces are flat....

2.12.12
Hexagonal Dihedron

2.6.2.6

4.4.6
Hexagonal Hosohedron

Hosohedron

An Polygon hosohedron is a tessellation of Lune s on a spherical surface, such that each lune shares the same two vertices. A regular n-gonal hosohedron has Schl?fli symbol ....

2.4.6.4

4.4.12

3.3.3.6


Wythoff construction operators


Polyhedron Truncation Example3

Example forms from the cube
Cube

A cube is a three-dimensional space solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each wikt:vertex. The cube can also be called a Regular polyhedron hexahedron and is one of the five Platonic solids....
 and octahedron
Octahedron

An octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each wikt:vertex....


OperationExtended
Schläfli
symbols
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....
Coxeter-
Dynkin
diagram
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....
Description
Parent t0
Dynkins 100
Any regular polyhedron or tiling
Rectified
Rectification (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, rectification is the process of truncating a polytope by marking the midpoints of all its edges, and cutting off its vertices at those points....
t1
Dynkins 010
The edges are fully truncated into single points. The polyhedron now has the combined faces of the parent and dual.
Birectified
Also Dual
Dual polyhedron

In geometry, polyhedron are associated into pairs called duals, where the wikt:vertex of one correspond to the face s of the other. The dual of the dual is the original polyhedron....
t2
Dynkins 001
Dual Cube Octahedron
The birectified (dual) is a further truncation so that the original faces are reduced to points. New faces are formed under each parent vertex. The number of edges is unchanged and are rotated 90 degrees. The dual of the regular polyhedron is also a regular polyhedron .
Truncated
Truncation (geometry)

In geometry, a truncation is an operation in any dimension that cuts polytope vertices, creating a new Facet in place of each vertex....
t0,1
Dynkins 110
Each original vertex is cut off, with a new face filling the gap. Truncation has a degree of freedom, which has one solution that creates a uniform truncated polyhedron. The polyhedron has its original faces doubled in sides, and contains the faces of the dual.
Bitruncated t1,2
Dynkins 011
Same as truncated dual.
Cantellated
Cantellation (geometry)

In geometry, a cantellation is an operation in any dimension that cuts a regular polytope at its edges and vertices, creating a new facet in place of each edge and vertex....

(or rhombated)
(Also expanded
Expansion (geometry)

In geometry, expansion is a polytope operation where Facet are separated and moved radially apart, and new facets are formed at separated elements ....
)
t0,2
Dynkins 101
In addition to vertex truncation, each original edge is beveled with new rectangular faces appearing in their place. A uniform cantellation is half way between both the parent and dual forms.
Omnitruncated
Omnitruncation (geometry)

In geometry, an omnitruncation is an operation applied to a regular polytope in a Wythoff construction that creates a maximum number of facets....

(or cantitruncated)
(or rhombitruncated)
t0,1,2
Dynkins 111
The truncation and cantellation operations are applied together to create an omnitruncated form which has the parent's faces doubled in sides, the dual's faces doubled in sides, and squares where the original edges existed.
Snub
Snub (geometry)

In geometry, an alternation is an operation on a polyhedron or tessellation that fully truncates alternate vertices. Only even-sided polyhedra can be alternated, for example the zonohedron....
s
Dynkins Sss
The snub takes the omnitruncated form and rectifies alternate vertices. (This operation is only possible for polyhedra with all even-sided faces.) All the original faces end up with half as many sides, and the squares degenerate into edges. Since the omnitruncated forms have 3 faces/vertex, new triangles are formed. Usually these alternated faceting forms are slightly deformed thereafter in order to end again as uniform polyhedra. The possibility of the latter variation depends on the degree of freedom.


(3 3 2) Td Tetrahedral symmetry


The tetrahedral symmetry
Tetrahedral symmetry

A regular tetrahedron has 12 rotational symmetries, and a total of 24 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation....
 of the sphere generates 5 uniform polyhedra, and a 6th form by a snub operation.

The tetrahedral symmetry is represented by a fundamental triangle with one vertex with two mirrors, and two vertices withr three mirrors, represented by the symbol (3 3 2). It can also be represented by the Coxeter group
Coxeter group

In mathematics, a Coxeter group, named after Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter, is an group that admits a group presentation in terms of mirror symmetries....
 A2 or [3,3], as well as a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....
: .

There are 24 triangles, visible in the faces of the tetrakis hexahedron
Tetrakis hexahedron

A Conway kis operator hexahedron is an Archimedean solid solid, or a Catalan solid. Its dual is the truncated octahedron. It can be seen as a cube with square pyramids covering each square face....
 and alternately colored triangles on a sphere:
Tetrakishexahedron
Sphere Symmetry Group Td
#NamePictureTilingCoxeter-Dynkin
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....

and Schläfli
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....

symbols
Face counts by positionElement counts
Pos. 2

[3]
(4)
Pos. 1

[ ]x[ ]
(6)
Pos. 0

[3]
(4)
Faces Edges Vertices
1tetrahedron
Tetrahedron

A tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangle faces, three of which meet at each vertex . A regular tetrahedron is one in which the four triangles are regular, or "equilateral", and is one of the Platonic solids....
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T0

Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
   4 6 4
[1]Birectified tetrahedron
(Same as tetrahedron
Tetrahedron

A tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangle faces, three of which meet at each vertex . A regular tetrahedron is one in which the four triangles are regular, or "equilateral", and is one of the Platonic solids....
)
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T2

t2
  
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
4 6 4
2rectified tetrahedron
(Same as octahedron
Octahedron

An octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each wikt:vertex....
)
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T1

t1
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
 
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
8 12 6
3truncated tetrahedron
Truncated tetrahedron

The truncated tetrahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 4 regular hexagonal faces, 4 regular triangle faces, 12 vertices and 18 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T01

t0,1
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
 
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
8 18 12
[3]Bitruncated tetrahedron
(Same as truncated tetrahedron
Truncated tetrahedron

The truncated tetrahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 4 regular hexagonal faces, 4 regular triangle faces, 12 vertices and 18 edges....
)
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T12

t1,2
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
 
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
8 18 12
4cantellated tetrahedron
(Same as cuboctahedron
Cuboctahedron

In geometry, a cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with eight triangular faces and six square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertices, with two triangles and two squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a square....
)
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T02

t0,2
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
14 24 12
5omnitruncated tetrahedron
(Same as truncated octahedron
Truncated octahedron

The truncated octahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 8 regular hexagonal faces, 6 Square faces, 24 vertices and 36 edges. Since each of its faces has point symmetry the truncated octahedron is a zonohedron....
)
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T012

t0,1,2
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
14 36 24
6Snub tetrahedron
(Same as icosahedron
Icosahedron

In geometry, an icosahedron isany polyhedron having 20 faces, but usually a regular icosahedron is implied, which has equilateral triangle s as faces....
)
Uniform Polyhedron 33 S012

s
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
Triangle
Triangle

2
Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
20 30 12


(4 3 2) Oh Octahedral symmetry


The octahedral symmetry
Octahedral symmetry

A regular octahedron has 24 rotational symmetries, and a total of 48 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation. A cube has the same set of symmetries, since it is the dual polyhedron of an octahedron....
 of the sphere generates 7 uniform polyhedra, and a 3 more by alternation. Four of these forms are repeated from the tetrahedral symmetry table above.

The octaahedral symmetry is represented by a fundamental triangle (4 3 2) counting the mirrors at each vertex. It can also be represented by the Coxeter group
Coxeter group

In mathematics, a Coxeter group, named after Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter, is an group that admits a group presentation in terms of mirror symmetries....
 B2 or [4,3], as well as a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....
: .

There are 48 triangles, visible in the faces of the disdyakis dodecahedron
Disdyakis dodecahedron

A disdyakis dodecahedron, or hexakis octahedron, is a Catalan solid and the dual to the Archimedean solid truncated cuboctahedron. As such it is face-transitive but with irregular face polygons....
 and alternately colored triangles on a sphere:
Disdyakisdodecahedron
Sphere Symmetry Group Oh
#NamePictureTilingCoxeter-Dynkin
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....

and Schläfli
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....

symbols
Face counts by positionElement counts
Pos. 2

[4]
(8)
Pos. 1

[ ]x[ ]
(6)
Pos. 0

[3]
(12)
Faces Edges Vertices
7Cube
Cube

A cube is a three-dimensional space solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each wikt:vertex. The cube can also be called a Regular polyhedron hexahedron and is one of the five Platonic solids....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T0


Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
   6 12 8
[2]Octahedron
Octahedron

An octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each wikt:vertex....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T2

  
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
8 12 6
[4]rectified cube
rectified octahedron
(Cuboctahedron
Cuboctahedron

In geometry, a cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with eight triangular faces and six square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertices, with two triangles and two squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a square....
)
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T1


Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
 
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
14 24 12
8Truncated cube
Truncated cube

The truncated cube, or truncated hexahedron, is an Archimedean solid. It has 6 regular octagonal faces, 8 regular triangle faces, 24 vertices and 36 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T01

t0,1

Octagon

In geometry, an octagon is a polygon that has 8 sides. A regular octagon is represented by the Schl?fli symbol ....
 
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
14 36 24
[5]Truncated octahedron
Truncated octahedron

The truncated octahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 8 regular hexagonal faces, 6 Square faces, 24 vertices and 36 edges. Since each of its faces has point symmetry the truncated octahedron is a zonohedron....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T12

t0,1

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
 
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
14 36 24
9Cantellated cube
cantellated octahedron
Rhombicuboctahedron
Rhombicuboctahedron

The rhombicuboctahedron, or small rhombicuboctahedron, is an Archimedean solid with eight triangle and eighteen square faces. There are 24 identical vertices, with one triangle and three squares meeting at each....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T02

t0,2

Octagon

In geometry, an octagon is a polygon that has 8 sides. A regular octagon is represented by the Schl?fli symbol ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
26 48 24
10Omnitruncated cube
omnitruncated octahedron
Truncated cuboctahedron
Truncated cuboctahedron

The truncated cuboctahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 12 Square faces, 8 regular hexagonal faces, 6 regular octagonal faces, 48 vertices and 72 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 T012

t0,1,2

Octagon

In geometry, an octagon is a polygon that has 8 sides. A regular octagon is represented by the Schl?fli symbol ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
26 72 48
[6]Alternated truncated octahedron
(Same as Icosahedron
Icosahedron

In geometry, an icosahedron isany polyhedron having 20 faces, but usually a regular icosahedron is implied, which has equilateral triangle s as faces....
)

h0,1
 
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
20 30 12
[1]Alternated cube
(Same as tetrahedron
Tetrahedron

A tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangle faces, three of which meet at each vertex . A regular tetrahedron is one in which the four triangles are regular, or "equilateral", and is one of the Platonic solids....
)
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T2

h
  
Triangle

1/2
Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
6 12 8
11Snub cube
Snub cube

The snub cube, or snub cuboctahedron, is an Archimedean solid.The snub cube has 38 faces, 6 of which are square s and the other 32 are equilateral triangles....
Uniform Polyhedron 43 S012

s

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
Triangle
Triangle

2
Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
38 60 24


(5 3 2) Ih Icosahedral symmetry


The icosahedral symmetry
Icosahedral symmetry

File:Soccer ball.svgA regular icosahedron has 60 rotational symmetries, and a total of 120 symmetries including transformations that combine a reflection and a rotation....
 of the sphere generates 7 uniform polyhedra, and a 1 more by alternation. Only one is repeated from the tetrahedral and octahedral symmetry table above.

The icosahedral symmetry is represented by a fundamental triangle (5 3 2) counting the mirrors at each vertex. It can also be represented by the Coxeter group
Coxeter group

In mathematics, a Coxeter group, named after Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter, is an group that admits a group presentation in terms of mirror symmetries....
 G2 or [5,3], as well as a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....
: .

There are 60 triangles, visible in the faces of the disdyakis triacontahedron
Disdyakis triacontahedron

A disdyakis triacontahedron, or hexakis icosahedron is a Catalan solid and the dual to the Archimedean solid truncated icosidodecahedron. As such it is face uniform but with irregular face polygons....
 and alternately colored triangles on a sphere:
Disdyakistriacontahedron
Sphere Symmetry Group Ih
#NamePictureTilingCoxeter-Dynkin
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....

and Schläfli
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....

symbols
Face counts by positionElement counts
Pos. 2

[5]
(12)
Pos. 1

[ ]x[ ]
(30)
Pos. 0

[3]
(20)
Faces Edges Vertices
12Dodecahedron
Dodecahedron

A dodecahedron is any polyhedron with twelve faces, but usually a regular dodecahedron is meant: a Platonic solid composed of twelve regular pentagonal faces, with three meeting at each vertex....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T0

Pentagon

Pentagon

In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. A pentagon may be simple or self-intersecting. The internal angles in a simple pentagon total 540?....
   12 30 20
[6]Icosahedron
Icosahedron

In geometry, an icosahedron isany polyhedron having 20 faces, but usually a regular icosahedron is implied, which has equilateral triangle s as faces....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T2

  
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
20 30 12
13Rectified dodecahedron
Rectified icosahedron
Icosidodecahedron
Icosidodecahedron

An icosidodecahedron is a polyhedron with twenty triangular faces and twelve pentagonal faces. An icosidodecahedron has 30 identical vertices, with two triangles and two pentagons meeting at each, and 60 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a pentagon....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T1

t1
Pentagon

Pentagon

In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. A pentagon may be simple or self-intersecting. The internal angles in a simple pentagon total 540?....
 
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
32 60 30
14Truncated dodecahedron
Truncated dodecahedron

In geometry, the truncated dodecahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 12 regular decagonal faces, 20 regular triangle faces, 60 vertices and 90 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T01

t0,1
Decagon

Decagon

In geometry, a decagon is any polygon with ten sides and ten angles, and usually refers to a regular polygon decagon, having all sides of equal length and all internal angles equal to 4π/5 ....
 
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
32 90 60
15Truncated icosahedron
Truncated icosahedron

The truncated icosahedron is an Archimedean solid. It comprises 12 regular pentagon faces, 20 regular hexagon faces, 60 vertices and 90 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T12

t0,1
Pentagon

Pentagon

In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. A pentagon may be simple or self-intersecting. The internal angles in a simple pentagon total 540?....
 
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
32 90 60
16Cantellated dodecahedron
Cantellated icosahedron
Rhombicosidodecahedron
Rhombicosidodecahedron

The rhombicosidodecahedron, or small rhombicosidodecahedron, is an Archimedean solid. It has 20 regular triangle faces, 30 square faces, 12 regular pentagonal faces, 60 vertices and 120 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T02

t0,2
Pentagon

Pentagon

In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. A pentagon may be simple or self-intersecting. The internal angles in a simple pentagon total 540?....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
62 120 60
17Omnitruncated dodecahedron
Omnitruncated icosahedron
Truncated icosidodecahedron
Truncated icosidodecahedron

The truncated icosidodecahedron is an Archimedean solid. It has 30 square faces, 20 regular hexagonal faces, 12 regular decagonal faces, 120 vertices and 180 edges....
Uniform Polyhedron 53 T012

t0,1,2
Decagon

Decagon

In geometry, a decagon is any polygon with ten sides and ten angles, and usually refers to a regular polygon decagon, having all sides of equal length and all internal angles equal to 4π/5 ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
62 180 120
18Snub dodecahedron
Snub dodecahedron

The snub dodecahedron, or snub icosidodecahedron, is an Archimedean solid.The snub dodecahedron has 92 faces, of which 12 are pentagons and the other 80 are equilateral triangles....

Snub icosahedron
Uniform Polyhedron 53 S012
 
s
Pentagon

Pentagon

In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. A pentagon may be simple or self-intersecting. The internal angles in a simple pentagon total 540?....
Triangle
Triangle

2
Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
92 150 60


(p 2 2) Prismatic [p,2], I2(p) family (Dph Dihedral symmetry)


Main article: Prismatic uniform polyhedron
Prismatic uniform polyhedron

A prismatic uniform polyhedron is a uniform polyhedron with Dihedral symmetry in three dimensions. They exist in two infinite families, the uniform Prism and the uniform antiprisms....


The dihedral symmetry of the sphere generates two infinite sets of uniform polyhedra, prisms and antiprisms, and two more infinite set of degenerate polygons, the hosohedrons and dihedrons which exists as tilings on the sphere.

The dihedral symmetry is represented by a fundamental triangle (p 2 2) counting the mirrors at each vertex. It can also be represented by the Coxeter group
Coxeter group

In mathematics, a Coxeter group, named after Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter, is an group that admits a group presentation in terms of mirror symmetries....
 I2(p) or [n,2], as well as a prismatic Coxeter-Dynkin diagram
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....
: .

Below are the first five dihedral symmetries: D2 ... D6. The dihedral symmetry Dp has order 4n, represented the faces of a bipyramid
Bipyramid

An n-agonal bipyramid or dipyramid is a polyhedron formed by joining an n-agonal Pyramid and its mirror image base-to-base.The referenced n-agon in the name of the bipyramids is not an external face but an internal one, existing on the primary symmetry plane which connects the 2 pyramid halves....
, and on the sphere as an equator line on the longitude, and n equally-spaced lines of longitude.

(2 2 2) dihedral symmetry

There are 8 fundamental triangles, visible in the faces of the square bipyramid (Octahedron) and alternately colored triangles on a sphere:
Sphere Symmetry Group D2h
#NamePictureTilingCoxeter-Dynkin
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....

and Schläfli
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....

symbols
Face counts by positionElement counts
Pos. 2

[2]
(2)
Pos. 1

[ ]x[ ]
(2)
Pos. 0

[ ]x[ ]
(2)
Faces Edges Vertices
D2
H2
digonal dihedron
digonal hosohedron
 

Digon

In geometry a digon is a Degeneracy polygon with two sides and two Vertex .A digon must be Regular polygon because its two edges are the same length....
   2 2 2
D4truncated digonal dihedron
(Same as square dihedron)
  
t=

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
   2 4 4
P4
[7]
omnitruncated digonal dihedron
(Same as cube
Cube

A cube is a three-dimensional space solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each wikt:vertex. The cube can also be called a Regular polyhedron hexahedron and is one of the five Platonic solids....
)
 
t0,1,2

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
6 12 8
A2
[1]
snub digonal dihedron
(Same as tetrahedron
Tetrahedron

A tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangle faces, three of which meet at each vertex . A regular tetrahedron is one in which the four triangles are regular, or "equilateral", and is one of the Platonic solids....
)
Uniform Polyhedron 33 T2
 
s
 
Triangle
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
  4 6 4


(3 2 2) D3hdihedral symmetry

There are 12 fundamental triangles, visible in the faces of the hexagonal bipyramid
Hexagonal bipyramid

A hexagonal bipyramid is a polyhedron formed from two hexagonal pyramid joined at their bases. The resulting solid has 12 triangular face , 8 vertex and 18 edges....
 and alternately colored triangles on a sphere:
Sphere Symmetry Group D3h
#NamePictureTilingCoxeter-Dynkin
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....

and Schläfli
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....

symbols
Face counts by positionElement counts
Pos. 2

[3]
(2)
Pos. 1

[ ]x[ ]
(3)
Pos. 0

[ ]x[ ]
(3)
Faces Edges Vertices
D3Trigonal dihedron 
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
   2 3 3
H3Trigonal hosohedron  
  
Digon

In geometry a digon is a Degeneracy polygon with two sides and two Vertex .A digon must be Regular polygon because its two edges are the same length....
3 3 2
D6Truncated trigonal dihedron
(Same as hexagonal dihedron)
 
Hexagonal Dihedron

t
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
   2 6 6
P3Truncated trigonal hosohedron
(Triangular prism
Triangular prism

In geometry, a triangular prism or three-sided prism is a type of Prism ; it is a polyhedron made of a triangle base, a Translation copy, and 3 faces joining corresponding sides....
)
Triangular Prism
 
t
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
  5 9 6
P6Omnitruncated trigonal dihedron
(Hexagonal prism
Hexagonal prism

In geometry, the hexagonal prism is a Prism with hexagonal base.It is an octahedron. However, the term octahedron is mainly used with "regular" in front or implied, hence not meaning a hexagonal prism; in the general meaning the term octahedron it is not much used because there are different types which have not much in common exce...
)
Hexagonal Prism
 
t
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
8 18 12
A3
[2]
Snub trigonal dihedron
(Same as Triangular antiprism)
(Same as octahedron
Octahedron

An octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each wikt:vertex....
)
Trigonal Antiprism
 
s
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
Triangle
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
  8 12 6


(4 2 2) D4hdihedral symmetry

There are 16 fundamental triangles, visible in the faces of the octagonal bipyramid
Octagonal bipyramid

The octagonal bipyramid is one of the infinite set of bipyramids, dual to the infinite prisms. If an octagonal bipyramid is to be face-transitive, all faces must be isosceles triangles....
 and alternately colored triangles on a sphere:
#NamePictureTilingCoxeter-Dynkin
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....

and Schläfli
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....

symbols
Face counts by positionElement counts
Pos. 2

[4]
(2)
Pos. 1

[ ]x[ ]
(4)
Pos. 0

[ ]x[ ]
(4)
Faces Edges Vertices
D4square dihedron  

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
   2 4 4
H4square hosohedron  
  
Digon

In geometry a digon is a Degeneracy polygon with two sides and two Vertex .A digon must be Regular polygon because its two edges are the same length....
4 4 2
D8Truncated square dihedron
(Same as octagonal dihedron)
  
t
Octagon

Octagon

In geometry, an octagon is a polygon that has 8 sides. A regular octagon is represented by the Schl?fli symbol ....
   2 8 8
P4
[7]
Truncated square hosohedron
(Cube
Cube

A cube is a three-dimensional space solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each wikt:vertex. The cube can also be called a Regular polyhedron hexahedron and is one of the five Platonic solids....
)
Tetragonal Prism
 
t

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
  6 12 8
D8Omnitruncated square dihedron
(Octagonal prism
Octagonal prism

In geometry, the octagonal prism is the sixth in an infinite set of Prism formed by square sides and two regular polygon caps.If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron....
)
Octagonal Prism
 
t
Octagon

Octagon

In geometry, an octagon is a polygon that has 8 sides. A regular octagon is represented by the Schl?fli symbol ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
10 24 16
A4Snub square dihedron
(Square antiprism
Square antiprism

In geometry, the square antiprism is the second in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps....
)
Square Antiprism
 
t

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
Triangle
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
  10 16 8


(5 2 2) D5h dihedral symmetry

There are 20 fundamental triangles, visible in the faces of the decagonal bipyramid
Decagonal bipyramid

In geometry, a decagonal bipyramid is one of the infinite set of bipyramids, dual to the infinite prisms. If an decagonal bipyramid is to be face-transitive, all faces must be isosceles triangles....
 and alternately colored triangles on a sphere:
#NamePictureTilingCoxeter-Dynkin
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....

and Schläfli
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....

symbols
Face counts by positionElement counts
Pos. 2

[5]
(2)
Pos. 1

[ ]x[ ]
(5)
Pos. 0

[ ]x[ ]
(5)
Faces Edges Vertices
D5Pentagonal dihedron  
Pentagon

Pentagon

In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. A pentagon may be simple or self-intersecting. The internal angles in a simple pentagon total 540?....
   2 5 5
H5Pentagonal hosohedron  
  
Digon

In geometry a digon is a Degeneracy polygon with two sides and two Vertex .A digon must be Regular polygon because its two edges are the same length....
5 5 2
D10Truncated pentagonal dihedron
(Same as decagonal dihedron)
  
t
Decagon

Decagon

In geometry, a decagon is any polygon with ten sides and ten angles, and usually refers to a regular polygon decagon, having all sides of equal length and all internal angles equal to 4π/5 ....
   2 10 10
P5Truncated pentagonal hosohedron
(Same as pentagonal prism
Pentagonal prism

In geometry, the pentagonal prism is a Prism with a pentagonal base. It is a type of heptahedron.If faces are all regular, the pentagonal prism is a semiregular polyhedron, and the third in an infinite set of prisms formed by square sides and two regular polygon caps....
)
Pentagonal Prism
 
t
Pentagon

Pentagon

In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. A pentagon may be simple or self-intersecting. The internal angles in a simple pentagon total 540?....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
  7 15 10
P10Omnitruncated pentagonal dihedron
(Decagonal prism
Decagonal prism

In geometry, the decagonal prism is the eighth in an infinite set of Prism formed by square sides and two regular polygon caps.If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron....
)
Decagonal Prism
 
t
Decagon

Decagon

In geometry, a decagon is any polygon with ten sides and ten angles, and usually refers to a regular polygon decagon, having all sides of equal length and all internal angles equal to 4π/5 ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
12 30 20
A5Snub pentagonal dihedron
(Pentagonal antiprism
Pentagonal antiprism

In geometry, the pentagonal antiprism is the third in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps....
)
Pentagonal Antiprism
 
t
Pentagon

Pentagon

In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. A pentagon may be simple or self-intersecting. The internal angles in a simple pentagon total 540?....
Triangle
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
  12 20 10


(6 2 2) D6hdihedral symmtry

There are 24 fundamental triangles, visible in the faces of the dodecagonal bipyramid and alternately colored triangles on a sphere.

#NamePictureTilingCoxeter-Dynkin
Coxeter-Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram is a Graph with labelled edges. It represents the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors , and describes a Kaleidoscope construction....

and Schläfli
Schläfli symbol

In mathematics, the Schl?fli symbol is a notation of the form that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.The Schl?fli symbol is named after the 19th-century mathematician Ludwig Schl?fli who made important contributions in geometry and other areas....

symbols
Face counts by positionElement counts
Pos. 2

[6]
(2)
Pos. 1

[ ]x[ ]
(6)
Pos. 0

[ ]x[ ]
(6)
Faces Edges Vertices
D6Hexagonal dihedron 
Hexagonal Dihedron

Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
   2 6 6
H6Hexagonal hosohedron 
Hexagonal Hosohedron

  
Digon

In geometry a digon is a Degeneracy polygon with two sides and two Vertex .A digon must be Regular polygon because its two edges are the same length....
6 6 2
D12Truncated hexagonal dihedron
(Same as dodecagonal dihedron)
  
t
Dodecagon

Dodecagon

In geometry, a dodecagon is any polygon with 12 sides and twelve angles....
   2 12 12
H6Truncated hexagonal hosohedron
(Same as hexagonal prism
Hexagonal prism

In geometry, the hexagonal prism is a Prism with hexagonal base.It is an octahedron. However, the term octahedron is mainly used with "regular" in front or implied, hence not meaning a hexagonal prism; in the general meaning the term octahedron it is not much used because there are different types which have not much in common exce...
)
Hexagonal Prism
 
t
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
  8 18 12
P12Omnitruncated hexagonal dihedron
(Dodecagonal prism
Dodecagonal prism

In geometry, the dodecagonal prism is the tenth in an infinite set of Prism formed by square sides and two regular polygon caps.If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron....
)
Dodecagonal Prism
 
t
Dodecagon

Dodecagon

In geometry, a dodecagon is any polygon with 12 sides and twelve angles....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....

Square (geometry)

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular polygon with four equal sides and four equal angles . A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted ....
14 36 24
A6Snub hexagonal dihedron
(Hexagonal antiprism
Hexagonal antiprism

In geometry, the hexagonal antiprism is the 4th in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by 2 polygon caps....
)
Hexagonal Antiprism
 
t
Hexagon

Hexagon

In geometry, a hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six Vertex . A regular hexagon has Schl?fli symbol ....
Triangle
Triangle

Triangle

A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three corners or wikt:vertex and three sides or edges which are line segments....
  14 24 12


See also

  • Polyhedron
    Polyhedron

    |}A polyhedron is often defined as a geometry object with flat faces and straight edges .This definition of a polyhedron is not very precise, and to a modern mathematician is quite unsatisfactory....
    • Regular polyhedron
      Regular polyhedron

      A regular polyhedron is a polyhedron whose faces are Congruence regular polygons which are assembled in the same way around each vertex. A regular polyhedron is highly symmetrical, being all of edge-transitive, vertex-transitive and face-transitive - i.e....
    • Quasiregular polyhedron
      Quasiregular polyhedron

      A polyhedron which has regular faces and is transitive on its edges but not transitive on its faces is said to be quasiregular.A quasiregular polyhedron can have faces of only two kinds and these must alternate around each vertex....
    • Semiregular polyhedron
      Semiregular polyhedron

      A semiregular polyhedron is a polyhedron with regular polygon faces and a symmetry group which is transitive on its vertices. Or at least, that is what follows from Thorold Gosset's 1900 definition of the more general semiregular polytope....
  • List of uniform polyhedra
    List of uniform polyhedra

    Uniform polyhedra and tilings form a well studied group. They are listed here for quick comparison of their properties and varied naming schemes and symbols....
  • List of Wenninger polyhedron models
    List of Wenninger polyhedron models

    This table contains an indexed list of the Uniform and stellated polyhedra from the book Polyhedron Models, by Magnus Wenninger.The book was written as a guide book to building polyhedra as physical models....
  • Polyhedron model
    Polyhedron model

    A polyhedron model is a physical construction of a polyhedron, constructed from cardboard, plastic board, wood board or other panel material, or, less commonly, solid material....
  • List of uniform polyhedra by vertex figure
    List of uniform polyhedra by vertex figure

    There are many relations among the uniform polyhedron.Some are obtained by truncating the vertices of the regular or quasi-regular polyhedron.Others share the same vertices and edges as other polyhedron....
  • List of uniform polyhedra by Wythoff symbol
    List of uniform polyhedra by Wythoff symbol

    There are many relations among the uniform polyhedron.Here they are grouped by the Wythoff symbol....


External links

Uniform Polyhedra - Software able to generate and print nets for all uniform polyhedra. Used to create many of the images on this page. Paper models: * *