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Ultrafine particles
Ultrafine particles

Ultrafine particles are nanoscale, less than 100 nanometres. Clusters of UFPs can be seen with the naked eye. But, electron microscopy and special physical lab conditions allow scientists to observe UFP morphology ....
 (UFPs) are nanoscale, less than 100 nanometre
Nanometre

A nanometre is a Units of measurement of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a metre .It is one of the more often used units for very small lengths, and equals ten ?ngstr?m, an internationally recognized non-International System of Units of length....
s. Clusters of UFPs can be seen with the naked eye. But, electron microscopy and special physical lab conditions allow scientists to observe UFP morphology. UFPs are both manufactured and naturally occurring (hot volcanic lava, smoke, ocean spray). Some UFPs have characteristics similar to gas or liquid and are useful in powders or lubricants. Others are byproducts, rather than intentionally fabricated nanostructure
Nanostructure

A nanostructure is an object of intermediate size between molecular and microscopic structures.In describing nanostructures it is necessary to differentiate between the number of dimensions on the nanoscale....
s, as are fine particles.






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Ultrafine particles
Ultrafine particles

Ultrafine particles are nanoscale, less than 100 nanometres. Clusters of UFPs can be seen with the naked eye. But, electron microscopy and special physical lab conditions allow scientists to observe UFP morphology ....
 (UFPs) are nanoscale, less than 100 nanometre
Nanometre

A nanometre is a Units of measurement of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a metre .It is one of the more often used units for very small lengths, and equals ten ?ngstr?m, an internationally recognized non-International System of Units of length....
s. Clusters of UFPs can be seen with the naked eye. But, electron microscopy and special physical lab conditions allow scientists to observe UFP morphology. UFPs are both manufactured and naturally occurring (hot volcanic lava, smoke, ocean spray). Some UFPs have characteristics similar to gas or liquid and are useful in powders or lubricants. Others are byproducts, rather than intentionally fabricated nanostructure
Nanostructure

A nanostructure is an object of intermediate size between molecular and microscopic structures.In describing nanostructures it is necessary to differentiate between the number of dimensions on the nanoscale....
s, as are fine particles. Some airborn UFPs (emissions) from printer toner, combustion engines and automobile traffic are considered pollutants and have begun to be studied as such ., along with larger particulate matter. Intentionally manufactured UFPs have many applications, from medical and nanotech research to consumer products.

Regulation and legislation

As the nanotechnology
Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology, shortened to "Nanotech", is the study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller, and involves developing materials or devices within that size....
 industry has grown, nanoparticle
Nanoparticle

In nanotechnology, a particle is defined as a small object that behaves as a whole unit in terms of its transport and properties. It is further classified according to size: In terms of diameter, fine particles cover a range between 100 and 2500 nanometre, while ultrafine particles, on the other hand, are sized between 1 and 100 nanometers....
s have brought UFPs more public and regulatory attention. UFP risk assessment research is still in the very early stages. There are continuing debates about whether to regulate UFPs and how to research and manage the health risks they may pose. As of March 19, 2008, the EPA does not yet regulate or research ultrafine particles, but has drafted a Nanomaterial Research Strategy, open for independent, external peer review beginning February 7, 2008 (Panel review on April 11, 2008). There is also debate about how the European Union
European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
 (EU) should regulate UFPs.

See also

  • Diesel particulate matter
    Diesel Particulate Matter

    Diesel particulate matter , sometimes also called diesel exhaust particles , is the particulate component of diesel exhaust from older diesel cars, which includes diesel soot and aerosols such as ash particulates, metallic abrasion particles, sulfates, and silicates....
  • Nanostructures