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UNIVAC 1100/2200 series
 
 
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The UNIVAC 1100/2200 series is a series of compatible 36-bit computer systems, beginning with the UNIVAC 1107
UNIVAC 1107

The UNIVAC 1107 was the first member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in October 1962. Also known as the Thin Film Computer because of its use of thin film memory for its register storage....
 in 1962, initially made by Sperry Rand
UNIVAC

UNIVAC is the name of a business unit and division of the Remington Rand company formed by the 1950 purchase of the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, founded four years earlier by ENIAC inventors J....
. The series continues to be supported today by Unisys
Unisys

Unisys Corporation , based in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States, and incorporated in Delaware, is a global provider of information technology services and programs....
 Corporation as the ClearPath Dorado Series.

Instruction Format
Instruction set

An instruction set is a list of all the instruction , and all their variations, that a processor can execute.Instructions include:* Arithmetic such as add and subtract...

Instructions are 36 bits long with the following fields:
f (6 bits) - function designator (opcode
Opcode

In computer technology, an opcode is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed. Their specification and format are laid out in the instruction set architecture of the processor in question ....
),
j (4 bits) - partial word designator, J-register designator, or minor function designator,
a (4 bits) - register (A, X, or R) designator or I/O designator,
x (4 bits) - index register (X) designator,
h (1 bit ) - index register increment designator,
i (1 bit) - indirect address designator,
u (16 bits) - address or operand designator.


Registers
Processor register

In computer architecture, a processor register is a small amount of Computer storage available on the CPU whose contents can be accessed more quickly than storage available elsewhere....

The 128 registers of the high speed "general register stack" ("integrated circuit registers" on the UNIVAC 1108
UNIVAC 1108

The UNIVAC 1108 was the second member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in 1964. Integrated circuits replaced the thin film memory that the UNIVAC 1107 used for Processor register....
 and UNIVAC 1106
UNIVAC 1106

The UNIVAC 1106 was the third member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in December 1969 and was absolutely identical to the UNIVAC 1108 in instruction set....
 models), map to the current data space in main storage starting at memory address zero.






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The UNIVAC 1100/2200 series is a series of compatible 36-bit computer systems, beginning with the UNIVAC 1107
UNIVAC 1107

The UNIVAC 1107 was the first member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in October 1962. Also known as the Thin Film Computer because of its use of thin film memory for its register storage....
 in 1962, initially made by Sperry Rand
UNIVAC

UNIVAC is the name of a business unit and division of the Remington Rand company formed by the 1950 purchase of the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, founded four years earlier by ENIAC inventors J....
. The series continues to be supported today by Unisys
Unisys

Unisys Corporation , based in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States, and incorporated in Delaware, is a global provider of information technology services and programs....
 Corporation as the ClearPath Dorado Series.

Architecture


Data Formats


  • Fixed-point
    Fixed-point arithmetic

    In computing, a fixed-point number representation is a real data type for a number that has a fixed number of digits after the radix point . Fixed-point number representation can be compared to the more complicated floating point number representation....
     either integer
    Integer

    The integers are natural numbers including 0 and their negative and non-negative numberss . They are numbers that can be written without a fractional or decimal component, and fall within the set ....
     or fraction
    Fraction (mathematics)

    A fraction is a number that can represent part of a whole.The earliest fractions were reciprocals of integers, symbols representing one half, one third, one quarter, and so on....
    • Whole word - 36 bit (one's complement)
    • Half word - two 18 bit fields per word (unsigned or one's complement)
    • Third word - three 12 bit fields per word (one's complement)
    • Quarter word - four 9 bit fields per word (unsigned)
    • Sixth word - six 6 bit fields per word (unsigned)
  • Floating point
    Floating point

    In computing, floating point describes a system for numerical representation in which a String of digits represents a rational number.The term floating point refers to the fact that the radix point can "float": that is, it can be placed anywhere relative to the Significant figures of the number....
    • Single precision
      Single precision

      In computing, single precision is a computer numbering format that occupies one storage location in computer memory at a given address. A single-precision number, sometimes simply a single, may be defined to be an integer, fixed point, or floating point....
       - 36 bits: 1 sign bit, 8 bit characteristic, 27 bit mantissa
    • Double precision
      Double precision

      In computing, double precision is a computer numbering format that occupies two adjacent storage locations in computer memory. A double precision number, sometimes simply called a double, may be defined to be an integer, fixed point, or floating point....
       - 72 bits: 1 sign bit, 11 bit characteristic, 60 bit mantissa
  • Alphanumeric
    Alphanumeric

    Alphanumeric is a portmanteau of alphabetic and numeric and is used to describe the collection of Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals used by much of western society....
    • Fieldata
      Fieldata

      Fieldata was a pioneering computer project run by the United States Army Signal Corps in the late 1950s that intended to create a single standard for collecting and distributing battlefield information....
       - 6 bits
    • ASCII
      ASCII

      American Standard Code for Information Interchange , is a coding standard that can be used for interchanging information, if the information is expressed mainly by the written form of English words....
       - 9 bits


Instruction Format
Instruction set

An instruction set is a list of all the instruction , and all their variations, that a processor can execute.Instructions include:* Arithmetic such as add and subtract...


Instructions are 36 bits long with the following fields:
f (6 bits) - function designator (opcode
Opcode

In computer technology, an opcode is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed. Their specification and format are laid out in the instruction set architecture of the processor in question ....
),
j (4 bits) - partial word designator, J-register designator, or minor function designator,
a (4 bits) - register (A, X, or R) designator or I/O designator,
x (4 bits) - index register (X) designator,
h (1 bit ) - index register increment designator,
i (1 bit) - indirect address designator,
u (16 bits) - address or operand designator.


Registers
Processor register

In computer architecture, a processor register is a small amount of Computer storage available on the CPU whose contents can be accessed more quickly than storage available elsewhere....


The 128 registers of the high speed "general register stack" ("integrated circuit registers" on the UNIVAC 1108
UNIVAC 1108

The UNIVAC 1108 was the second member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in 1964. Integrated circuits replaced the thin film memory that the UNIVAC 1107 used for Processor register....
 and UNIVAC 1106
UNIVAC 1106

The UNIVAC 1106 was the third member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in December 1969 and was absolutely identical to the UNIVAC 1108 in instruction set....
 models), map to the current data space in main storage starting at memory address zero. These registers include both user and executive copies of the A, X, R, and J registers and many special function executive registers.

The table on the right shows the addresses (in octal
Octal

The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the radix-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7. Numerals can be made from Binary numeral system numerals by grouping consecutive digits into groups of three ....
) of the user registers.

There are 15 index register
Index register

An index register in a computer's central processing unit is a processor register used for modifying operand addresses during the run of a program, typically for doing vector/array operations....
s (X1 ... X15), 16 accumulator
Accumulator (computing)

In a computer's central processing unit , an accumulator is a processor register in which intermediate arithmetic logic unit results are stored....
s (A0 ... A15), and 15 special function user registers (R1 .. R15). The 4 J registers and 3 "staging registers" are uses of some of the special function R registers.

One interesting feature is that the last 4 index registers (X12 ... X15) and the first 4 accumulators (A0 ... A3) overlap, allowing data to be interpreted either way in these registers. This also results in 4 unassigned accumulators (A15+1 ... A15+4) that can only be accessed by their memory address (double word instructions on A15 do operate on A15+1).

Early UNIVAC machines with 110x numbers, but not in the 1100 series

These machines had different architectures and word sizes and were not compatible with each other. They all used vacuum tube
Vacuum tube

In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube , thermionic valve, or just valve is a device used to amplifier, switch, otherwise modify, or create an Electricity signal by controlling the movement of electrons in a low-pressure space....
s and many used drum memory
Drum memory

Drum memory is a magnetic data storage device and was an early form of computer memory widely used in the 1950s and into the 1960s, invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria....
 as their main memory.
  1. UNIVAC 1101
    UNIVAC 1101

    The UNIVAC 1101, or ERA 1101, was a computer system designed by Engineering Research Associates and built by the Remington Rand corporation in the 1950s....
     introduced in 1950.
  2. UNIVAC 1102
    UNIVAC 1102

    The UNIVAC 1102 or ERA 1102 was designed by Engineering Research Associates for the United States Air Force's Arnold Engineering Development Center in Tullahoma, Tennessee in response to a request for proposal issued in 1950....
     introduced in 1953.
  3. UNIVAC 1103
    UNIVAC 1103

    The UNIVAC 1103 or ERA 1103, a successor to the UNIVAC 1101, was a computer system designed by Engineering Research Associates and built by the Remington Rand corporation in October, 1953....
     introduced in 1953.
  4. UNIVAC 1104
    UNIVAC 1104

    The UNIVAC 1104 computer system was a 30-bit version of the UNIVAC 1103 built for Westinghouse Electric Corporation, in 1957, for use on the Bomarc Missile Program....
     introduced in 1957.
  5. UNIVAC 1105
    UNIVAC 1105

    The UNIVAC 1105 was a follow-on computer to the UNIVAC 1103A introduced by UNIVAC in September, 1958.The UNIVAC 1105 had either 8,192 or 12,288 words of 36 bit magnetic core memory, in two or three banks of 4,096 words each....
     introduced in 1958.

UNIVAC 1100 series

These machines had a common architecture and word size. They all used transistor
Transistor

In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to Electronic amplifier or switch Electronics signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit....
ized electronics and integrated circuit
Integrated circuit

In electronics, an integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin Wafer of semiconductor material....
s. Early machines used core memory (the 1110 used plated wire memory
Plated wire memory

Plated wire memory is a variation of core memory developed by Bell Laboratories in 1957. Its primary advantage was that it could be machine-assembled, which potentially led to lower prices than the hand-assembled core....
) until that was replaced with semiconductor memory
Semiconductor memory

Semiconductor memory is computer memory implemented on a semiconductor-based integrated circuit. Examples of semiconductor memory include static random access memory, which relies on transistors, and dynamic random access memory, which uses capacitors to store the bits....
 in 1975.
  1. UNIVAC 1107
    UNIVAC 1107

    The UNIVAC 1107 was the first member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in October 1962. Also known as the Thin Film Computer because of its use of thin film memory for its register storage....
     introduced in 1962
  2. UNIVAC 1108
    UNIVAC 1108

    The UNIVAC 1108 was the second member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in 1964. Integrated circuits replaced the thin film memory that the UNIVAC 1107 used for Processor register....
     introduced in 1965
  3. UNIVAC 1106
    UNIVAC 1106

    The UNIVAC 1106 was the third member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in December 1969 and was absolutely identical to the UNIVAC 1108 in instruction set....
     introduced in 1969
  4. UNIVAC 1110
    UNIVAC 1110

    The UNIVAC 1110 was the fourth member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in 1972.The UNIVAC 1110 had enhanced multiprocessing support: sixteen-way memory access allowed up to six CAUs and four IOAUs ....
     introduced in 1970
  5. UNIVAC 1100/10 redesignation of UNIVAC 1106
    UNIVAC 1106

    The UNIVAC 1106 was the third member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in December 1969 and was absolutely identical to the UNIVAC 1108 in instruction set....
     in 1975
  6. UNIVAC 1100/20 redesignation of UNIVAC 1108
    UNIVAC 1108

    The UNIVAC 1108 was the second member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in 1964. Integrated circuits replaced the thin film memory that the UNIVAC 1107 used for Processor register....
     in 1975
  7. UNIVAC 1100/40 redesignation of UNIVAC 1110
    UNIVAC 1110

    The UNIVAC 1110 was the fourth member of UNIVAC's UNIVAC 1100/2200 series of computers, introduced in 1972.The UNIVAC 1110 had enhanced multiprocessing support: sixteen-way memory access allowed up to six CAUs and four IOAUs ....
     in 1975
  8. UNIVAC 1100/80 introduced in 1975
  9. UNIVAC 1100/80A introduced in 1977
  10. UNIVAC 1100/60
    UNIVAC 1100/60

    The UNIVAC 1100/60, introduced in 1979, continued the venerable UNIVAC 1100/2200 series first introduced in 1962 with the UNIVAC 1107. It was the first 1100 series machine introduced under the Sperry Corporation name....
     introduced in 1979
  11. UNIVAC 1100/70 introduced in 1981
  12. UNIVAC 1100/90 introduced in 1982


SPERRY 2200 series


In 1983 Sperry Corporation
Sperry Corporation

Sperry Corporation was a major American equipment and electronics company whose existence spanned more than seven decades of the twentieth century....
 discontinued usage of the name UNIVAC for their products.

  1. SPERRY 2200/100 introduced in 1985
  2. SPERRY Integrated Scientific Processor introduced in 1985


UNISYS 2200 series


In 1986 Sperry Corporation
Sperry Corporation

Sperry Corporation was a major American equipment and electronics company whose existence spanned more than seven decades of the twentieth century....
 merges with Burroughs Corporation to become Unisys
Unisys

Unisys Corporation , based in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States, and incorporated in Delaware, is a global provider of information technology services and programs....
.

  1. UNISYS 2200/200 introduced in 1986
  2. UNISYS 2200/400 introduced in 1988
  3. UNISYS 2200/600 introduced in 1989
  4. UNISYS 2200/100 introduced in 1990
  5. UNISYS 2200/500 introduced in 1993
  6. UNISYS 2200/900 introduced in 1993
  7. UNISYS 2200/3800 introduced in 1997


UNISYS ClearPath IX series


In 1996 Unisys
Unisys

Unisys Corporation , based in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States, and incorporated in Delaware, is a global provider of information technology services and programs....
 introduced the ClearPath IX series. The ClearPath machines are a common platform that implement either the 1100/2200 architecture (the ClearPath IX series) or the Burroughs large systems architecture (the ClearPath/MCP series). Everything is common except the actual CPUs, which are implemented as ASIC
ASIC

The acronym ASIC, depending on context, may stand for:* Application-specific integrated circuit, an integrated circuit customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use...
s. In addition to the IX (1100/2200) CPUs and the MCP (burroughs large systems) CPU, the architecture had Xeon
Xeon

The Xeon brand refers to many families of Intel Corporation's x86 architecture multiprocessing Central processing units ? for dual processor and multi-processor configuration on a single motherboard targeted at non-consumer markets of server and workstation computers, and also at blade servers and embedded systems....
 (and briefly Itanium
Itanium

Itanium is the brand name for 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture . Intel has released two processor families using the brand: the original Itanium and the Itanium 2....
) CPUs. Unisys' goal was to provide an orderly transition for their 1100/2200 customers to a more modern architecture.

See also



External links

  • (PDF file)