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UEFA coefficients
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In European football, the UEFA coefficients are statistics used for ranking and seeding teams in club and international competitions.
The coefficients are calculated by UEFA, who administer football within Europe. It uses three different coefficients:
national team coefficient is derived from the results of the national football team of a nation.
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Encyclopedia
In European football, the UEFA coefficients are statistics used for ranking and seeding teams in club and international competitions.
The coefficients are calculated by UEFA, who administer football within Europe. It uses three different coefficients:
- The coefficient of the national teams;
- The coefficient of national leagues;
- The coefficient of football clubs.
National team coefficient
Up to Euro 2008
The national team coefficient is derived from the results of the national football team of a nation. Until the end of the Euro 2008 tournament, it has been calculated by dividing the number of points scored (three points for a win, one for a draw) by the number of matches played in the last two qualification rounds of the World Cup or European Championship. Play-off match results are ignored. For some countries only one qualifying round will be taken into account, if they were hosts of one of the last two events.
This coefficient is used by UEFA to determine in which "pot" a national team will be for the qualification tournaments of the European Championship, and the final tournament of the European Championship. Its usage as seeding criteria for the World Cup preliminaries ended when the UEFA executive committee decided to follow FIFA directives and used the FIFA rankings instead for the 2010 World Cup qualifying round draw. Each team in a pot is drawn into a separate qualifying group, thus keeping the bigger teams apart until the later stages of the competition.
If two or more associations have the same coefficient, the following criteria will be applied:
- coefficient from the matches played in its most recent qualifying competition,
- average goal difference,
- average number of goals scored,
- average number of away goals scored,
- drawing of lots.
From after Euro 2008
On 20 May 2008, UEFA announced the change of the coefficient ranking system.
Under the new system, teams gain ranking points for each match played in the most recently completed five qualifying tournaments or finals of the World Cup or European Championships. 10,000 points are awarded for playing a match, with an additional 30,000 for winning, 20,000 for winning after a penalty shoot out, and 10,000 for a draw (including forcing, but failing to win, a penalty shoot-out). Matches in the finals tournament, or play-offs to determine qualification, are granted extra points, ranging from 6,000 to 38,000. 501 points are earned for scoring a goal, and 500 lost for each goal conceded. Points are divided by the number of games played, and more recent tournaments have double the weighting of the one most distant in time. Special arrangements are in place for hosts of competitions, who have therefore not participated in the qualifying tournament.
At the beginning of the Euro 2008 tournament, the rankings thus calculated are:
| 36,986 | | 36,219 | | 36,025 | | 35,655 | | 35,370 | | 34,573 | | 34,323 | | 34,000 | | 33,749 | | 33,075 | | 32,825 | | 32,135 | | 30,581 | | 30,557 |
| 29,912 | | 29,674 | | 28,493 | | 28,109 | | 27,447 | | 27,425 | | 27,326 | | 27,143 | | 27,021 | | 25,399 | | 25,395 | | 24,798 | | 24,041 | | 23,932 |
| 23,810 | | 22,756 | | 22,223 | | 21,731 | | 21,551 | | 21,145 | | 20,808 | | 19,701 | | 19,692 | | 18,914 | | 18,744 | | 18,110 | | 17,799 | | 17,000 |
| 16,989 | | 16,555 | | 14,451 | | 13,331 | | 12,913 | | 11,970 | | 10,288 | | 9,671 | | 9,403 | | 7,948 | | 0 |
League coefficient
The league coefficient is used to rank the leagues of Europe, and thus determine the number of clubs from a league that will participate in competitions such as the UEFA Cup and the UEFA Champions League.
The UEFA ranking determines the number of teams competing in the season after the next, not in the first season after the publication of the ranking. Thus, the 2007 ranking determines the proportion in 2008–09, not 2007–08.
This coefficient is determined by the results of the clubs of the leagues in UEFA Cup and UEFA Champions League games over the past five seasons. The number of points awarded each season (two for each win by a club from that league, one for a draw) is divided by the number of teams that participated for that nation in that season. This number is then rounded to three decimal places (e.g. 2 2/3 will be rounded to 2.667).
For the league coefficient the season's league coefficients for the last five seasons must be added up. In the preliminary rounds of both the Champions League and UEFA Cup the awarded points are halved. Bonus points are allocated for:
- Qualifying for the Champions League group phase. (3 bonus points)
- Reaching the second round of the Champions League.
- Reaching the quarter, semi and final of both Champions League and UEFA cup.
The bonus points are added to the number of points scored in a season.
Current ranking (2009-10 UEFA competitions)
Correct as of May 21, 2008
Rank
09/10 | Rank
08/09 | Mvmt | League | 2003/2004 | 2004/2005 | 2005/2006 | 2006/2007 | 2007/2008 | Coeff. | CL places | EL places |
|---|
| 1 | 2 | +1 | | 11.250 | 15.571 | 14.428 | 16.625 | 17.875 | 75.749 | 4 | 3 | | 2 | 1 | -1 | Spain | 14.312 | 12.437 | 15.642 | 19.000 | 13.875 | 75.266 | | 3 | 3 | — | Italy | 8.875 | 14.000 | 15.357 | 11.928 | 10.250 | 60.410 | | 4 | 4 | — | France | 13.500 | 11.428 | 10.812 | 10.000 | 6.928 | 52.668 | 3 | | 5 | 5 | — | Germany | 4.714 | 10.571 | 10.437 | 9.500 | 13.500 | 48.722 | | 6 | 9 | +3 | Russia | 5.875 | 10.000 | 10.000 | 6.625 | 11.250 | 43.750 | | 7 | 7 | — | Romania | 4.333 | 5.500 | 16.833 | 11.333 | 2.600 | 40.599 | 2 | 4 | | 8 | 6 | -2 | Portugal | 10.250 | 8.166 | 5.500 | 8.083 | 7.928 | 39.927 | | 9 | 8 | -1 | Netherlands | 5.416 | 12.000 | 7.583 | 8.214 | 5.000 | 38.213 | | 10 | 10 | — | Scotland | 7.375 | 4.750 | 4.250 | 6.750 | 10.250 | 33.375 | 3 | | 11 | 14 | +3 | Turkey | 6.500 | 5.375 | 4.000 | 6.100 | 9.750 | 31.725 | | 12 | 11 | -1 | Ukraine | 4.875 | 8.100 | 5.750 | 6.500 | 4.875 | 30.100 | | 13 | 12 | -1 | | 5.875 | 6.125 | 5.500 | 4.700 | 4.500 | 26.700 | | 14 | 15 | +1 | Greece | 4.166 | 6.166 | 3.333 | 4.666 | 7.500 | 25.831 | | 15 | 13 | -2 | Czech Republic | 7.375 | 2.875 | 4.625 | 5.750 | 5.125 | 25.750 | | 16 | 17 | +1 | Switzerland | 1.875 | 2.625 | 9.375 | 4.100 | 6.250 | 24.225 | 1 | 3 | | 17 | 16 | -1 | Bulgaria | 4.166 | 2.375 | 8.750 | 5.125 | 2.750 | 23.166 | | 18 | 18 | — | Norway | 6.125 | 3.500 | 5.400 | 2.000 | 5.400 | 22.425 | | 19 | 21 | +2 | Denmark | 4.200 | 1.500 | 3.500 | 6.125 | 5.125 | 20.450 | | 20 | 22 | +2 | | 2.125 | 7.625 | 3.250 | 1.500 | 3.200 | 17.700 | | 21 | 20 | -1 | Serbia | 4.500 | 4.250 | 3.250 | 2.125 | 2.625 | 16.750 | | 22 | 19 | -3 | Israel | 2.250 | 3.625 | 1.500 | 6.000 | 2.375 | 15.750 | | 23 | 28 | +5 | Sweden | 1.500 | 3.000 | 2.666 | 1.125 | 5.400 | 13.691 | | 24 | 25 | +1 | Slovakia | 2.500 | 1.333 | 4.333 | 2.000 | 2.166 | 12.332 | | 25 | 23 | -2 | Poland | 4.125 | 2.500 | 1.125 | 2.625 | 1.666 | 12.041 | | 26 | 24 | -2 | Hungary | 4.833 | 4.166 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 11.999 | | 27 | 26 | -1 | | 3.625 | 3.000 | 0.333 | 1.000 | 3.666 | 11.624 | | 28 | 27 | -1 | Cyprus | 1.333 | 1.333 | 3.000 | 1.750 | 2.666 | 10.082 | | 29 | 29 | — | Slovenia | 2.166 | 3.500 | 2.333 | 1.250 | 0.666 | 9.915 | | 30 | 33 | +3 | Finland | 1.666 | 1.666 | 2.333 | 1.333 | 2.625 | 9.623 | | 31 | 31 | — | Latvia | 0.833 | 3.166 | 1.333 | 2.166 | 1.333 | 8.831 | | 32 | 30 | -2 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1.666 | 1.666 | 1.500 | 1.833 | 1.833 | 8.498 | | 33 | 32 | -1 | Lithuania | 0.833 | 2.500 | 1.333 | 1.833 | 1.500 | 7.999 | | 34 | 34 | — | Moldova | 1.500 | 1.500 | 1.666 | 1.500 | 1.333 | 7.499 | | 35 | 35 | — | Republic of Ireland | 0.333 | 1.333 | 1.833 | 2.833 | 1.000 | 7.332 | | 36 | 38 | +2 | | 1.666 | 0.333 | 1.500 | 1.166 | 1.666 | 6.331 | | 37 | 39 | +2 | Iceland | 0.500 | 2.500 | 0.833 | 1.000 | 1.166 | 5.999 | | 38 | 36 | -2 | Georgia | 0.333 | 2.666 | 0.666 | 1.166 | 1.000 | 5.831 | | 39 | 37 | -2 | Liechtenstein1 | 0.000 | 2.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 0.500 | 5.500 | 0 | 1 | | 40 | 40 | — | Belarus | 0.666 | 0.500 | 1.333 | 1.000 | 1.833 | 5.332 | 1 | 3 | | 41 | 42 | +1 | Estonia | 0.333 | 0.833 | 0.833 | 1.500 | 0.833 | 4.332 | | 42 | 44 | +2 | | 0.000 | 0.500 | 1.333 | 1.333 | 0.666 | 3.832 | | 43 | 41 | -2 | | 0.333 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.833 | 0.500 | 3.666 | | 44 | 43 | -1 | Armenia | 0.666 | 0.500 | 0.666 | 0.500 | 1.333 | 3.665 | | 45 | 45 | — | Kazakhstan | 0.166 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.666 | 0.750 | 2.582 | | 46 | 46 | — | | 0.500 | 0.666 | 0.500 | 0.166 | 0.500 | 2.332 | | 47 | 47 | — | Wales | 0.333 | 0.000 | 0.666 | 0.666 | 0.666 | 2.331 | | 48 | 48 | — | Faroe Islands | 0.000 | 0.333 | 0.666 | 0.500 | 0.333 | 1.832 | | 49 | 49 | — | Luxembourg | 0.166 | 0.333 | 0.500 | 0.166 | 0.333 | 1.498 | | 50 | 50 | — | | 0.333 | 0.333 | 0.000 | 0.166 | 0.000 | 0.832 | | 51 | — | — | Montenegro | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 0.500 | | 51 | 51 | — | Andorra | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 1 | 1 | | 53 | 52 | -1 | San Marino | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.250 | 0.250 |
1 The Liechtenstein Football Association does not organise a national league competition. The only competitor from Liechtenstein in international competitions are the Liechtenstein cup winners, who qualify for the UEFA Cup. All Liechtenstein teams play in neighbouring Switzerland's league competitions.
Division of Champions League and Europa League places in detail
Not all the places for the Champions League or the Europa League are directly for the main tournament. As the national rank of a countries national league is higher, more clubs that participate in that league receive places for European football and those places will be better too. From the 2009 to 2012 seasons UEFA introduced a new format. Only twenty-one teams get direct access to the Champions League after their season. There are three qualifying rounds for the Champions League (+ one preliminary qualifying round for the lowest ranked teams). It is impossible to win direct access to the Europa League unless the previous tournament's winner has not qualified for the Champions League, in which case they will be the only team seeded directly into the group stage. The only way a team can qualify for the Europa League proper is by losing the third qualifying round of the Champions League or by winning the fourth qualifying round of the Europa League. Places in the knockout round of the Europa League are available for teams finishing third in the group stage of the Champions League, just as with the previous format. There are also now four qualifying rounds for the Europa League, up from three in the previous format. The berths for both tournaments are distributed as listed below, though changes to this distribution are possible at UEFA's discretion.:
| Rank | Champions League | Europa League |
|---|
| | CL | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 | pre. | EL | Q4 | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 |
|---|
| 1-3 | 3 | 1 | | | | | 2 | 1 | | | | 4-5 | 2 | 1 | | | | | 2 | 1 | | | | 6 | 2 | | 1 | | | | 2 | 1 | | | | 7-9 | 1 | | 1 | | | | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | 10-12 | 1 | | 1 | | | | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | 13-15 | | 1 | 1 | | | | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | 16-18 | | | | 1 | | | | 2 | 1 | | | 19-21 | | | | 1 | | | | 1 | 2 | | | 22-27 | | | | 1 | | | | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 28-34 | | | | 1 | | | | | 2 | 1 | | 35-47 | | | | 1 | | | | | 1 | 2 | | 48-53 | | | | | 1 | | | | 1 | 2 | Andorra
San Marino | | | | | 1 | | | | | 1 | | Liechtenstein | | | | | | | | | 1 | | |
History
Since 1960, when the first 5-year based coefficients were released, only 4 leagues have succeeded in being the top European league.
The table at the right shows the history of first placed teams in UEFA League Coefficients.
The next table shows the ranking of nations with respect to total number of years leading in Europe:
| Rank | League | Total |
|---|
| 1 | La Liga | 15 | | 2 | Serie A | 13 | | 3 | Football League
Premier League | 11 | | 4 | Bundesliga | 10 |
Club coefficient
The club coefficient is determined by the results of a club in European club competition in the last five seasons, and the league coefficient. The club coefficient is 33% of the league coefficient plus the number of points earned by the club in the five seasons. Before 2004 the contribution of the country coefficient was 50%. The points earned by a club in the preliminary rounds are not counted.
The clubs get two points for a win and one point for a draw in games of the main stage of European competitions. Participation in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League is rewarded with three points. Reaching every knock-out round (1/8 of the final, quarter-final, semi-final or final) of Champions League or UEFA Cup is rewarded with a point (See ).
This ranking is used by UEFA to determine which pot the club belongs to in the preliminary and first rounds of the Champions League, and the preliminary, first and second rounds of the UEFA Cup.
Before 1999 a number of strong teams in the UEFA Cup were seeded such that those teams do not meet in the first two rounds. To determine these teams, the sum of, the ratio of the number of points achieved to the number of games played by each team, was calculated for the past five years.
The top 20 clubs as of 2007-08 UEFA competitions are as follows:
| Rank | Club | Country | 2003-04 | 2004-05 | 2005-06 | 2006-07 | 2007-08 | Coefficient |
|---|
| 1 | Chelsea | | 22.7125 | 25.1385 | 17.7610 | 28.4860 | 30.8985 | 124.996 | | 2 | Milan | | 16.9285 | 31.6200 | 26.0675 | 27.9360 | 17.3825 | 119.934 | | 3 | Liverpool | | 14.7125 | 30.1385 | 17.7610 | 29.4860 | 26.8985 | 118.996 | | 4 | Barcelona | | 16.7230 | 17.1040 | 34.1620 | 20.2700 | 29.5785 | 117.837 | | 5 | Arsenal | | 17.7125 | 19.1385 | 31.7610 | 18.4860 | 23.8985 | 110.996 | | 6 | Manchester United | | 15.7125 | 17.1385 | 12.7610 | 27.4860 | 34.8985 | 107.996 | | 7 | Sevilla | | 4.7230 | 16.1040 | 30.1620 | 31.2700 | 20.5785 | 102.837 | | 8 | Lyon | | 18.4550 | 23.7710 | 24.5680 | 18.3000 | 14.2860 | 99.380 | | 9 | Internazionale | | 15.9285 | 22.6200 | 24.0675 | 16.9360 | 17.3825 | 96.934 | | 10 | Real Madrid | | 21.7230 | 18.1040 | 17.1620 | 20.2700 | 16.5785 | 93.837 | | 11 | Bayern Munich | | 10.5555 | 19.4885 | 17.4440 | 20.1350 | 24.4550 | 92.078 | | 12 | PSV Eindhoven | | 17.7875 | 24.9600 | 13.5025 | 17.7105 | 17.6500 | 91.610 | | 13 | Villarreal | | 20.7230 | 22.1040 | 24.1620 | 6.2700 | 17.5785 | 90.837 | | 14 | Newcastle United | | 24.7125 | 27.1385 | 4.7610 | 22.4860 | 5.8985 | 84.996 | | 15 | Valencia | | 29.7230 | 14.1040 | 5.1620 | 23.2700 | 11.5785 | 83.837 | | 16 | Roma | | 12.9285 | 8.6200 | 19.0675 | 20.9360 | 20.3825 | 81.934 | | 17 | Porto | | 26.3825 | 13.6950 | 8.8150 | 15.6675 | 16.6160 | 81.176 | | 18 | Benfica | | 13.3825 | 13.6950 | 17.8150 | 18.6675 | 13.6160 | 77.176 | | 19 | Werder Bremen | | 1.5555 | 16.4885 | 14.4440 | 24.1350 | 17.4550 | 74.078 | | 20 | AZ | | 1.7875 | 27.9600 | 13.5025 | 18.7105 | 7.6500 | 69.610 |
- A full list can be found at
- An incomplete list from uefa.com; &
Top club by period
A list of the top-finished clubs in each 5-year period.
| Years | Club |
|---|
1956–60 | | 1957–61 | | 1958–62 | | 1959–63 | | 1960–64 | Barcelona | 1961–65 | | 1962–66 | | 1963–67 | Real Zaragoza | 1964–68 | | 1965–69 | | 1966–70 | Leeds United | 1967–71 | Leeds United | 1968–72 | Leeds United | 1969–73 | | 1970–74 | | 1971–75 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | 1972–76 | Bayern Munich | 1973–77 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | 1974–78 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | 1975–79 | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| Years | Club |
|---|
1976–80 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | 1977–81 | Barcelona | 1978–82 | Barcelona | 1979–83 | Barcelona | 1980–84 | Liverpool | 1981–85 | Liverpool | 1982–86 | Anderlecht & Juventus | 1983–87 | Juventus | 1984–88 | Juventus | 1985–89 | Bayern Munich | 1986–90 | Bayern Munich | 1987–91 | Juventus | 1988–92 | | 1989–93 | | 1990–94 | | 1991–95 | | 1992–96 | | 1993–97 | Juventus | 1994–98 | | 1995–99 | Juventus |
| Years | Club |
|---|
1996–00 | Juventus | 1997–01 | | 1998–02 | | 1999–03 | | 2000–04 | | 2001–05 | | 2002–06 | Milan | 2003–07 | Milan | 2004–08 | Chelsea | 2005–09 | Liverpool |
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