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Turda (; ) is a city and Municipality in Cluj County
Cluj County

Cluj ; is a county of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Cluj-Napoca....
, Romania
Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
, situated on the Aries River.

ded as a Dacia
Dacia

In ancient geography, Dacia was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Greeks "Getae". Dacia was a large district of East-Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathian Mountains, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisia or Tisza, on the east by the Tyras or Dniester, now in eastern Moldova....
n city under the name Patavissa or Potaissa (most frequently confirmed), Turda was conquered by the Romans
Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
. The castrum established was named Potaissa too and became a municipium
Municipium

A municipium belonged to the second highest Social class of Ancient Rome cities, being inferior in status to the colonia . The first municipium was Tusculum....
, then a colonia
Colonia (Roman)

A Roman colonia was originally a Roman Empire outpost established in conquered territory to secure it. Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of Roman city....
. Potaissa was the basecamp of the Legio V Macedonica
Legio V Macedonica

Legio quinta Macedonica was a Roman legion. It was probably originally levied by consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Augustus in 43 BC, and it existed in Moesia at least until 5th century....
 from 166 to 274.

Salt mines were worked in the area since prehistoric times.






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Turda (; ) is a city and Municipality in Cluj County
Cluj County

Cluj ; is a county of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Cluj-Napoca....
, Romania
Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
, situated on the Aries River.

History

Founded as a Dacia
Dacia

In ancient geography, Dacia was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Greeks "Getae". Dacia was a large district of East-Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathian Mountains, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisia or Tisza, on the east by the Tyras or Dniester, now in eastern Moldova....
n city under the name Patavissa or Potaissa (most frequently confirmed), Turda was conquered by the Romans
Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
. The castrum established was named Potaissa too and became a municipium
Municipium

A municipium belonged to the second highest Social class of Ancient Rome cities, being inferior in status to the colonia . The first municipium was Tusculum....
, then a colonia
Colonia (Roman)

A Roman colonia was originally a Roman Empire outpost established in conquered territory to secure it. Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of Roman city....
. Potaissa was the basecamp of the Legio V Macedonica
Legio V Macedonica

Legio quinta Macedonica was a Roman legion. It was probably originally levied by consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Augustus in 43 BC, and it existed in Moesia at least until 5th century....
 from 166 to 274.

Salt mines were worked in the area since prehistoric times. After the Hungarian
Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary , which existed from 1000 to 1918, and then from 1920 to 1946, was a considerable state in Central Europe....
 conquest, the Turda salt mines were first mentioned in 1075. (The salt mine
Salt mine

A salt mine is an operation involved in the mining of edible salt from rock salt or halite, a type of evaporite deposit. Areas known for their salt mines include Khewra in Pakistan, Tuzla in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Wieliczka and Bochnia in Poland, Hallstatt and Salzkammergut in Austria, de:Rheinberg#Infrastruktur und Wirtschaft in Germany,...
s were closed in 1932 but have recently been reopened for tourism.)

Saxons
Transylvanian Saxons

The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of ethnic German who settled in Transylvania from the 12th century onwards.The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King G?za II of Hungary ....
 settled in the area in the 11th century. The town was destroyed during the Tartar invasion in 1241-1242. Andrew III of Hungary
Andrew III of Hungary

Andrew III the Venetian , King of Hungary ....
 gave royal privileges to the settlement. These privileges were later confirmed by the Angevins of Hungary
Louis I of Hungary

Louis I the Great was King of Hungary from 1342 and of King of Poland from 1370.Louis was the head of the senior branch of the Angevin dynasty....
.

The Hungarian Diet was held here in 1467, by Matthias Corvinus. Later, in the 16th century, Turda was often the residence of the Transylvania
Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountains, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term frequently encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical regions of Crisana, Maramures, and Banat....
n Diet
Diet (assembly)

In politics, a diet is a formal deliberative assembly. The term is derived from Medieval Latin dietas, and ultimately comes from the Latin dies, "day"....
, too. The 1558 Diet of Turda declared free practice of both the Catholic
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
 and Lutheran
Lutheranism

Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century Germans Reformer Martin Luther....
 religions. In 1563 the Diet also accepted the Calvinist religion, and in 1568 it extended freedom to all religions, declaring that "It is not allowed to anybody to intimidate anybody with captivity or expelling for his religion" – a freedom unusual in medieval Europe. This Edict of Turda
Edict of Turda

The Edict of Torda in 1568, also known as the Patent of Toleration. was an early attempt to guarantee religious freedom in Christian Europe....
 is the first attempt at legislating general religious freedom in Christian Europe (though its legal effectiveness was limited).

In 1609 Gabriel Báthori
Gabriel Báthori

Gabriel B?thory was Prince of Transylvania from 1608 to his death in 1613....
 granted new privileges to Turda. These were confirmed later by Gabriel Bethlen
Gabriel Bethlen

Gabriel Bethlen was a prince of Transylvania , duke of Opole and leader of an anti-Habsburg insurrection in the Habsburg Royal Hungary. His last armed intervention in 1626 was part of the Thirty Years' War....
. In the battle of Turda, Ahmed Pasha defeated George II Rákóczi
George II Rákóczi

Gy?rgy R?k?czi II , a Transylvanian Hungarian ruler, was the eldest son of George I R?k?czi and Susannah Lorantffy.Born in S?rospatak, Hungary, he was elected prince of Transylvania during his father's lifetime , and married , Sophia Bathory, who was previously compelled by his mother to reject the Roman Catholic faith and turn Calvinist....
 in 1659.

People

  • Ferenc Dávid
    Ferenc Dávid

    Ferenc D?vid was a Transylvanian Nontrinitarianism and Unitarianism preacher, the founder of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania. D?vid is best known among modern-day Unitarian Universalism for his often quoted statement, "We need not think alike to love alike"....
  • Sigismund Báthory
    Sigismund Báthory

    Sigismund B?thory was Prince of Transylvania....
  • Emilian Dolha
    Emilian Dolha

    Emilian Ioan Dolha is a Romanian football goalkeeper who currently plays for FC Dinamo Bucuresti. Dolha previously played in his native Romania for Rapid Bucuresti, Olimpia Satu Mare and Gloria Bistrita....
  • Étienne Hajdú
    Étienne Hajdú

    ?tienne Hajd?, or Istv?n Hajd? was a Transylvania-born France sculptor....
  • Baruch Kimmerling
    Baruch Kimmerling

    Baruch Kimmerling was a professor of sociology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem....
    , Israeli sociologist
  • Ion Ratiu
    Ion Ratiu

    Ion Ratiu was a Romanian politician and the presidential candidate of the National Peasants' Party in the Romanian presidential election, 1990....
  • Aurel Dragos Munteanu, writer
  • Camil Muresanu
    Camil Muresanu

    Camil Bujor Muresanu is a historian, professor, author, and translator....
  • Horea Moculescu
  • Tudor Popa
    Tudor Popa

    Tudor Ioan Popa is a Romanian football player, currently under contract with Ceahlaul Piatra-Neamt....


See also

  • Decree of Turda
    Decree of Turda

    The Decree of Turda was a decree by Louis I of Hungary. It had longstanding consequences for the constitutional order and social structure of Transylvania....
  • Universitas Valachorum
    Universitas Valachorum

    Universitas Valachorum is the Latin denomination for an Estates of the realm, an institution of self-government of the Romanians in medieval Transylvania....
  • List of Transylvanian Saxon localities
    List of Transylvanian Saxon localities

    This is a list of localities in Transylvania that were, either in majority or in minority, historically inhabited by Transylvanian Saxons, having either churches placed in Peasants' Castles , or only Village Churches built by the Transylvanian Saxons....
  • Ancient history of Transylvania
    Ancient history of Transylvania

    The Romans exploited the gold mines in the province extensively, building access roads and forts to protect them, like Abrud. The region developed a strong infrastructure and economy, based on agriculture, cattle farming and mining....
    , History of Transylvania
    History of Transylvania

    Transylvania is a region of present-day Romania. The region now known as Transylvania was once part of Dacia, and became part of the Roman Empire. During High Middle Ages, political power was shared on a territorial basis between nobility , Germans bourgeoisie, and the History of the Sz?kely people#Territorial and administrative organisation , whil...
  • Franziska Tesaurus
    Franziska Tesaurus

    Franziska Tesaurus is the richest Gepid royal tomb found in Romania.It was found while searching the Roman castrum at Turda in 1996, by Mihai Barbulescu, between the secondary sewer and the frigidarium....


Sister cities

  • Angoulęme
    Angoulęme

    Angoul?me is a communes of France in western France and capital of the Charente Departments of France....
  • Hódmezovásárhely
    Hódmezovásárhely

    H?dmezov?s?rhely is a city in south-east Hungary, on the Pannonian plain, at the meeting point of the B?k?s-Csan?di Ridge and the clay grassland surrounding the Tisza....
  • Santa Susanna
  • Torda
    Torda (Žitište)

    Torda is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the ?iti?te municipality, in the Central Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,771 people ....


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